KaZaA Lite 2.0 Questions... - Page 2 - P2P-Zone

nanook · 16-10-02, 05:56 PM

Quote:

Originally posted by WilliamdeWorde
an interesting (th)read.

Kazaa, I hope will be around for a while yet, in my totally unqualified opinion.
But surely with the proliferation of clients, admittedly not all to the FastTrack network, p2p is something that will take a very long time to eradicate.

and to the original post if you want to preview any downloads (avi/mpeg) then try videolan , it works great.

http://www.videolan.org/vlc/download.html

and don't bother with the built-in player

thank you, William, Dark & Twin!!!!!!!!!!!!

and William.....i simply want to hear the songs.......i don't dl movies.
of all that is listed there, and i could really use your help, what exactly am i wanting to dl????
i know...........

spanks......to you

cybathug · 20-12-02, 07:19 AM

klite 2 comes with a few useful addons, which can be used in combination to preview files.

1)Use Dat View to select your dl directory (1st button), find which .dat file is the one you're after, then choose a directory to copy to (3rd button). Hit the 2nd button and the file will be created where you specified.
2)Use AVI preview if it's an avi file, otherwise open in any media proggy (Should work, but I've only ever previewed AVIs)

Hope this helps

JackSpratts · 12-03-03, 04:42 PM

Quote:

Originally posted by colinmacc
Really? What happens then if your client can't connect to any of the supernode addresses stored in the registry?

then it won't connect.

Quote:

Does it not contact a Kazaa IP address to ask for instructions?

no. it's rather easy to verify: just go and delete the registry key with supernode addresses (i'm sure you can locate it easily), and then launch kazaa. it will just sit there "connecting..." forever.

the rumours about fasttrack's central "access key" and "supernode IP cache" servers are complete myth.

- jaan

_____________________________________________

in an recent interview kazaa co-creator janus friis states pretty clearly that there is indeed a fasttrack supernode server for ip lookups and that grokster is especially dependent on it, but that "older" kazaa clients make use of it too ~

"He surprisingly admitted to the existence of a supernode server. However he stressed that FastTrack is only partially reliant on the Supernode server.

He told me FastTrack has a 'supernode server to fetch seed IP addresses when not available locally' but the supernode server is only used by 'Older versions of Kazaa Media Desktop'. He added 'Let me also direct your attention to the fact that Grokster is an older customized version of KMD/FT'.

So does this mean that if the supernode server was shut down then there would be severe disruption to users of Grokster and users of older KMD versions? Friis said 'draw your own conclusions '."

curious.

things may indeed have changed when sharman took over but friis makes no mention of it in ciarán tannam's article.

the conclusion one would reasonably draw and that friis actually infers is that at least some of the fasttrack clients, including flagship kmd, are to a greater or lesser extent vulnerable to a court ordered shutdown.

when you realize that fasttrack accounts for 50% (or more) of some isp's internet traffic, any disruption in service would be big news with broad consequences for file sharers and service providers alike.

- js.

ssj4_android · 13-03-03, 07:27 PM

About not being able to preview files: DO you mean it just won't or does it ask for a codec download? I have noticed that you have to have a lot of the file downloaded for preview to work.

multi · 14-03-03, 10:55 PM

In September 2001 the RIAA conducted research into how FastTrack operates and found that FastTrack had a server that list the location of supernodes. Kazaa Media desktop contacted this server if their were problems with a list of supernodes that came with the application.

This was backed up by research by Mark Ishikawa who said Kazaa software shows signs of "calling home" when it cannot find a supernode, or a regional directory running off users' computers. ....

links from another interesting thread on this at slyck...

gotta love these official memo's..lolol

http://www.dotcomscoop.com/article.php?sid=39
ATTENTION KAZAA USERS: Please note that this an internal memo prepared by the RIAA legal department. The publisher of Dotcom Scoop has nothing to do with this memo other than publishing it. Do not email the Editor expressing support for KaZaA or opposition to the RIAA's policies. This email is published merely for informational purposes and does not express the views of Dotcom Scoop. This is an internal memo that was leaked to this publication.

*************************

KaZaA Network Outline of Proof

PRIVILEGED & CONFIDENTIAL/ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT

We have distributed various legal and technical memoranda that describe the KaZaA network and the potential legal claims against the entities offering this peer-to-peer service. This memorandum seeks to consolidate our current learning into a single document. Accordingly, detailed below are: (a) a brief overview of the relevant entities and the KaZaA network architecture; (b) the facts supporting our legal claims; and (c) a going forward strategy recommendation.

I. Overview of Entities and Architecture

FastTrack is the Netherlands based software company that developed the software code library used to create the KaZaA peer-to-peer networks. KaZaA was the first application to use the FastTrack code. FastTrack later licensed its code to MusicCity (MusicCity dubbed its system Morpheus) and Grockster. The principals behind FastTrack are Niklas Zennstrom and Janis Friis- - Two young technology developers who are primarily interested in the development of their technology and who have privately funded their operation. MusicCity is being run by Steve Griffin, but with heavy influence by Timberline Venture Partners, the independently managed Northwest Affiliate of Draper Fisher Jurvetson. Timberline owns 65% of MusicCity and is very involved in running the company.

The FastTrack network designates (perhaps automatically) certain peers - more powerful computers with high-band_width connections - as "supernodes." [because of the system’s encrypted communication, we are unable to determine how supernodes are designated]. Several hundred "ordinary" peers connect to any one supernode. A supernode also connects to other supernodes. [because of the system’s encrypted communication, we are unable to determine how one supernode knows how to locate other supernodes]. Vidius found that when one of its machines was in supernode status, it was connected to approximately 25 other supernodes. The supernode functions in Napster-like fashion as a local search hub, building an index of the files being shared by each peer connected to it, and pro_cessing search requests on behalf of those peers. Supernode queries other supernodes to fulfill a search request, but does not query peers serviced by other supernodes (such a step is unnecessary because the supernodes index all files available among the peers they service). The effect of this architecture is to create a relatively small peer-to-peer network of supernodes, each of which in turn functions as a miniature central server for hundreds of other users. As in Napster and Gnutella, file transfers in the FastTrack system are purely peer-to-peer, and involve neither the central server nor any supernode.

Significantly, the FastTrack system encrypts all communications (a) between a peer and the log-in server, (b) between a peer and its supernode, (c) between a supernode and the central servers, and (d) between supernodes [we do not know the nature of the encryption]. However, peer-to-peer com_muni_cations associated with downloading a file are unencrypted. Presumably, the encryption scheme was created, and is controlled, by the developer of the application - FastTrack. By encrypting the com_munication, the developer has ensured that the network remains "closed" and accessible only through the KaZaA, Morpheus, or Grokster applications (and any future licensees of the FastTrack tech_nology).

KaZaA, MusicCity, and Grokster each operate a central log-in server. The addresses of these servers are hard-coded into the application. At log-in, the peer sends one packet of data to the server, and the server returns two packets. The transmissions presumably involve log-in information from the peer and acknowledgement and confirmation from the server. This function appears to be similar for each of the three entities. In addition, Vidius reports that, at least with the KaZaA application, there is a commun_ication regularly every 12 hours between the log-in (.37) server and the user (whether in peer or supernode status) [we do not know the nature of these communications].

Notably, the log-in server is not essential to a peer’s use of the net_work. If the log-in server is not avail_able, the application nevertheless attempts to connect to a supernode using the list contained in the registry (whether it is the preset list for a new user or the most recent update for a repeat user).

After log-in, the peer then attempts to connect to a supernode, using a list of super_node addresses stored in the software application. That list is supplied by the applica_tion devel_oper, and is identical across KaZaA, Morpheus, and Grokster. The list includes IP addresses at universities and other institutions such as the NASA Jet Propul_sion Laboratory. The list of supernodes has changed with each new version of the application. In the newest version of the application, the list also includes an IP address at Disney, rnd11-200.rd.wdi.disney.com. The IP addresses listed in the registry do not all function as supernodes at any given time; in fact, most do not. After logging in, a peer works through the list in its registry until its finds a supernode it can connect to. When the peer connects to a supernode for the first time, it receives an updated list of supernodes, which over_writes the preset list in the registry. [we do not know how the suprnode obtains this updated list of supernodes to distribute]. The list of supernodes in the registry is then updated every time the peer connects to a supernode. Thus, a peer always has the most recent possible list of com_pu_ters that have functioned as supernodes, thereby increasing the odds of a successful connection during the next session. After initially making contact with a supernode, a peer may be shunted around the network as the system attempts to match the peer with the most appropriate super_node.

If the registry is somehow corrupted, the application causes the peer to contact another server controlled by KaZaA, supernode.kazaa.com (213.248.112.38). This address is also hard-coded into the application. This means that the KaZaA network maintains a dynamic list of active supernodes [we do not know how this happens]. Upon connecting to that server, the peer will receive a list of known supernodes. All three applications direct the user to the KaZaA (.38) server in this circum_stance.

KaZaA operates another server in addition to the log-in (.37) server and the (.38) server described above. That is alpha.kazaa.com (213.248.112.34), the address of which, as with the other two, is hard-coded into the application. The (.34) server communica_tes with supernodes [we do not know the nature of the communication]. During an interval when a Vidius machine was acting as a supernode, there were 12 different attempts by the (.34) server to connect to the supernode. Vidius reports that in a completed transaction the (.34) server sends approximately 1600 bytes of information to the super_node. In addition, as noted above, a supernode makes periodic connection with the KaZaA log-in (.37) server. Vidius hypothesizes that there is a loop between the (.34) server, the (.37) server, and the supernode, which is highly suggestive of some sort of control mechanism - the nature of which must remain unknown until the substance of the communications can be analyzed.

Vidius found that "netsplits" or disconnections sometimes occur on the FastTrack network. The system contains some mechanism to resolve such disconections by redirecting peers away from a supernode that has become detached from the network and back to a super_node on the network. Supernodes that are split from the network also eventually reconnect to it, but that reconnection takes 10-15 minutes longer than the reconnection of peers. Vidius believes that this timing differential indicates some control of the reconnection process that is external to the client application.

Among the supernodes on the new preset list is one at s1grokster.com, which resides at the same location as the Grokster log-in server. Those computer functions like an ordinary supernode, compiling indexes of available files and processing search requests. Vidius was able to connect to that supernode, and used it to find and download numerous movie and MP3 files.

II. Elements of Claims and Proof

1. Contributory Infringement

Liability for contributory infringement attaches to "one who, with knowledge of the infringing activity, induces, causes or materially contributes to the infringing conduct of another . . . [L]iability exists if the defendant engages in personal conduct that encourages or assists the infringement." A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004, 1014 (9th Cir. 2001).

Knowledge

# FastTrack sought to obtain licensing from NVPI and was referred to individual members of the organization.

# NVPI wrote to FastTrack and provided notice that its conduct was infringing and that it should obtain the necessary licensing.

# RIAA wrote letter to MusicCity when it was an OpenNap system and placed MusicCity on notice of infringing conduct. The same principals contacted by the RIAA are still in place at MusicCity.

# In discussion with General Counsel of Copyright.net, KaZaA CEO acknowledged exchange of copyrighted content and stated looking into filters, particularly for child porn.

# Press has raised issue of exchange of copyrighted content with company principals.

# Widespread presence of copyrighted materials on system.

# Message Boards discuss available music, films, and software.

# MusicCity employees participate in message board discussions and CEO acknowledges MusicCity controls message boards.

# [should we provide notice by letters and when?]

Material Contribution

# FastTrack creates and licenses software primarily used for the reproduction and distribution of copyrighted works.

# FastTrack created and controls encryption that ensures that the network remains closed and insulated from outside monitoring.

# Provides a dynamic list of available supernodes where content can be exchanged (possibly through the .38 server).

# Continually updates the list of available supernodes and communicates that information to users (likely through the .34 server).

# FastTrack, MusicCity and Grockster maintain log-in servers.

# Maintains the s1grokster.com server which acts as a supernode (and by definition maintains a file index).

# Resolves netsplits and other system problems (likely through the .34 server).

Vicarious Infringement

Vicarious liability arises when the defendant "has the right and ability to super_vise the infringing activity and also has a direct financial interest in such activities." Napster, 239 F.3d at 1022.

Right and Ability to Supervise

# KaZaA, MusicCity, and Grokster all expressly reserve the right to limit the number of files that users make available or access and to terminate users who infringe intellectual property rights or violate other laws.

# Music_City also reserves the right to remove or disable links to alleged_ly infringing material.

# Network limits MP3 files to certain bitrate

# MusicCity implemented a filter for child pornography.

# Steve Griffin claims to have cooperated with police in limiting the exchange of child pornography.

Financial Benefit

# Generate advertising revenue based on user base.

# Steve Griffin expressed to head of Rock the Vote that he can’t stop infringements so he intends to make money from it.

# Zennstrom acknowledged to the press that FastTrack is making money.

# The services have a rapidly growing user base and according to CNET’s download.com is the most popular software on the net.

# MusicCity obtaining additional funding from Timberline Venture Partners.

III. Recommendation

We have solid claims against FastTrack, MusicCity, and Grockster of secondary liability for copyright infringement. The claims are not as strong as those against Napster, but they are also not so remote as to be wishful.

Our claims would likely be strengthened by learning more about the designation of supernodes and the content of communications within the system. However, the encryption of this communication precludes further learning absent cooperation from one of these companies or court ordered discovery. In that regard, we recently learned that FastTrack is very interested in exploring alternatives to litigation and its principals are willing to sit down with the record companies to discuss ways of resolving any dispute. FastTrack is willing to sell the company and the technology, or enter into a licensing arrangement. FastTrack is also willing to implement filtering technologies to prevent infringements. We have also learned that MusicCity is looking for the litigation and would like for us to file suit.

Thus, we recommend (1) filing claims against FastTrack, MusicCity, and Grockster, (2) immediately thereafter initiating discussions with FastTrack about resolving our claims in a way that will provide us with useful information and testimony against MusicCity, and if possible obtain FastTrack’s cooperation in shutting down or converting MusicCity and Grokster, and (3) continue forward with litigation against MusicCity, Grokster, and potentially Timberline Venture Partners.

Research: FastTrack Operates Server on Nevis
February 2, 2003
Ciarán Tannam

Mark Ishikawa is CEO of BayTSP, an Internet security firm 'specializing in the tracking and reporting of stolen content on the Internet'. He has conducted research into how Kazaa/FastTrack works. The research has found some damning evidence of some control that those involved with FastTrack have over the P2P network.

According to an AP article Mark Ishikawa has found that Kazaa software shows signs of "calling home" when it cannot find a supernode, or a regional directory running off users' computers. Mark traced these requests to a server on the Caribbean island of Nevis. On further investigation he found that the server was operated by a computing data centre. Despite his efforts the laws of Nevis prevented him from finding out the owner of the server. Nevis is the home of Grokster Ltd and it is likely that they own the server in question.

This backs up older RIAA research into FastTrack which found that FastTrack applications come loaded with a large list of IP addresses for supernodes. However if the list is somehow corrupted, the application causes the peer to contact another server controlled by KaZaA. Kazaa at the time of this RIAA research was owned by the same people who now own Joltid.

Significantly this does not 100% prove that any of the companies linked to FastTrack have complete control over the network. However it seems to indicate the form of control that those connected to FastTrack have is related to knowing the location of supernodes and the ability to alter them.

The 26 entertainment companies who are suing those connected with FastTrack also state that the removal of Morpheus from FastTrack demonstrates central control. Those who now own Joltid removed Morpheus from the network for unpaid bills. It is widely believed that they removed Morpheus from the network by altering the way supernodes communicate.

Mark Ishikawa may be called to testify in the FastTrack lawsuit.

JackSpratts · 15-03-03, 12:44 AM

to me the question was always why morpheus crashed and didn't just continue running, separate from fasttrack, the way it was supposed to. i can't tell you how many times i was told that the network just "keeps going" regardless of what happens to the servers, but quite simply it didn't work out that way. the plug was pulled and morpheus went down in in less than 96 hours, when up until that day all the official reports said it would soldier on.

i have always been skeptical of the claims surrounding the reported robustness of this network. to now find out officially that grokster and some portions of kmd will die (what’s the percentage i wonder) is a bittersweet confirmation.

so maybe i should take a poll on what the fasttrack replacement will be.

- js.

14-03-03, 10:55 PM	#25
multi Thanks for being with arse Join Date: Jan 2002 Location: The other side of the world Posts: 10,343	most would of seen this at slyck... In September 2001 the RIAA conducted research into how FastTrack operates and found that FastTrack had a server that list the location of supernodes. Kazaa Media desktop contacted this server if their were problems with a list of supernodes that came with the application. This was backed up by research by Mark Ishikawa who said Kazaa software shows signs of "calling home" when it cannot find a supernode, or a regional directory running off users' computers. .... links from another interesting thread on this at slyck... gotta love these official memo's..lolol http://www.dotcomscoop.com/article.php?sid=39 ATTENTION KAZAA USERS: Please note that this an internal memo prepared by the RIAA legal department. The publisher of Dotcom Scoop has nothing to do with this memo other than publishing it. Do not email the Editor expressing support for KaZaA or opposition to the RIAA's policies. This email is published merely for informational purposes and does not express the views of Dotcom Scoop. This is an internal memo that was leaked to this publication. ************************* KaZaA Network Outline of Proof PRIVILEGED & CONFIDENTIAL/ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT We have distributed various legal and technical memoranda that describe the KaZaA network and the potential legal claims against the entities offering this peer-to-peer service. This memorandum seeks to consolidate our current learning into a single document. Accordingly, detailed below are: (a) a brief overview of the relevant entities and the KaZaA network architecture; (b) the facts supporting our legal claims; and (c) a going forward strategy recommendation. I. Overview of Entities and Architecture FastTrack is the Netherlands based software company that developed the software code library used to create the KaZaA peer-to-peer networks. KaZaA was the first application to use the FastTrack code. FastTrack later licensed its code to MusicCity (MusicCity dubbed its system Morpheus) and Grockster. The principals behind FastTrack are Niklas Zennstrom and Janis Friis- - Two young technology developers who are primarily interested in the development of their technology and who have privately funded their operation. MusicCity is being run by Steve Griffin, but with heavy influence by Timberline Venture Partners, the independently managed Northwest Affiliate of Draper Fisher Jurvetson. Timberline owns 65% of MusicCity and is very involved in running the company. The FastTrack network designates (perhaps automatically) certain peers - more powerful computers with high-band_width connections - as "supernodes." [because of the system’s encrypted communication, we are unable to determine how supernodes are designated]. Several hundred "ordinary" peers connect to any one supernode. A supernode also connects to other supernodes. [because of the system’s encrypted communication, we are unable to determine how one supernode knows how to locate other supernodes]. Vidius found that when one of its machines was in supernode status, it was connected to approximately 25 other supernodes. The supernode functions in Napster-like fashion as a local search hub, building an index of the files being shared by each peer connected to it, and pro_cessing search requests on behalf of those peers. Supernode queries other supernodes to fulfill a search request, but does not query peers serviced by other supernodes (such a step is unnecessary because the supernodes index all files available among the peers they service). The effect of this architecture is to create a relatively small peer-to-peer network of supernodes, each of which in turn functions as a miniature central server for hundreds of other users. As in Napster and Gnutella, file transfers in the FastTrack system are purely peer-to-peer, and involve neither the central server nor any supernode. Significantly, the FastTrack system encrypts all communications (a) between a peer and the log-in server, (b) between a peer and its supernode, (c) between a supernode and the central servers, and (d) between supernodes [we do not know the nature of the encryption]. However, peer-to-peer com_muni_cations associated with downloading a file are unencrypted. Presumably, the encryption scheme was created, and is controlled, by the developer of the application - FastTrack. By encrypting the com_munication, the developer has ensured that the network remains "closed" and accessible only through the KaZaA, Morpheus, or Grokster applications (and any future licensees of the FastTrack tech_nology). KaZaA, MusicCity, and Grokster each operate a central log-in server. The addresses of these servers are hard-coded into the application. At log-in, the peer sends one packet of data to the server, and the server returns two packets. The transmissions presumably involve log-in information from the peer and acknowledgement and confirmation from the server. This function appears to be similar for each of the three entities. In addition, Vidius reports that, at least with the KaZaA application, there is a commun_ication regularly every 12 hours between the log-in (.37) server and the user (whether in peer or supernode status) [we do not know the nature of these communications]. Notably, the log-in server is not essential to a peer’s use of the net_work. If the log-in server is not avail_able, the application nevertheless attempts to connect to a supernode using the list contained in the registry (whether it is the preset list for a new user or the most recent update for a repeat user). After log-in, the peer then attempts to connect to a supernode, using a list of super_node addresses stored in the software application. That list is supplied by the applica_tion devel_oper, and is identical across KaZaA, Morpheus, and Grokster. The list includes IP addresses at universities and other institutions such as the NASA Jet Propul_sion Laboratory. The list of supernodes has changed with each new version of the application. In the newest version of the application, the list also includes an IP address at Disney, rnd11-200.rd.wdi.disney.com. The IP addresses listed in the registry do not all function as supernodes at any given time; in fact, most do not. After logging in, a peer works through the list in its registry until its finds a supernode it can connect to. When the peer connects to a supernode for the first time, it receives an updated list of supernodes, which over_writes the preset list in the registry. [we do not know how the suprnode obtains this updated list of supernodes to distribute]. The list of supernodes in the registry is then updated every time the peer connects to a supernode. Thus, a peer always has the most recent possible list of com_pu_ters that have functioned as supernodes, thereby increasing the odds of a successful connection during the next session. After initially making contact with a supernode, a peer may be shunted around the network as the system attempts to match the peer with the most appropriate super_node. If the registry is somehow corrupted, the application causes the peer to contact another server controlled by KaZaA, supernode.kazaa.com (213.248.112.38). This address is also hard-coded into the application. This means that the KaZaA network maintains a dynamic list of active supernodes [we do not know how this happens]. Upon connecting to that server, the peer will receive a list of known supernodes. All three applications direct the user to the KaZaA (.38) server in this circum_stance. KaZaA operates another server in addition to the log-in (.37) server and the (.38) server described above. That is alpha.kazaa.com (213.248.112.34), the address of which, as with the other two, is hard-coded into the application. The (.34) server communica_tes with supernodes [we do not know the nature of the communication]. During an interval when a Vidius machine was acting as a supernode, there were 12 different attempts by the (.34) server to connect to the supernode. Vidius reports that in a completed transaction the (.34) server sends approximately 1600 bytes of information to the super_node. In addition, as noted above, a supernode makes periodic connection with the KaZaA log-in (.37) server. Vidius hypothesizes that there is a loop between the (.34) server, the (.37) server, and the supernode, which is highly suggestive of some sort of control mechanism - the nature of which must remain unknown until the substance of the communications can be analyzed. Vidius found that "netsplits" or disconnections sometimes occur on the FastTrack network. The system contains some mechanism to resolve such disconections by redirecting peers away from a supernode that has become detached from the network and back to a super_node on the network. Supernodes that are split from the network also eventually reconnect to it, but that reconnection takes 10-15 minutes longer than the reconnection of peers. Vidius believes that this timing differential indicates some control of the reconnection process that is external to the client application. Among the supernodes on the new preset list is one at s1grokster.com, which resides at the same location as the Grokster log-in server. Those computer functions like an ordinary supernode, compiling indexes of available files and processing search requests. Vidius was able to connect to that supernode, and used it to find and download numerous movie and MP3 files. II. Elements of Claims and Proof 1. Contributory Infringement Liability for contributory infringement attaches to "one who, with knowledge of the infringing activity, induces, causes or materially contributes to the infringing conduct of another . . . [L]iability exists if the defendant engages in personal conduct that encourages or assists the infringement." A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004, 1014 (9th Cir. 2001). Knowledge # FastTrack sought to obtain licensing from NVPI and was referred to individual members of the organization. # NVPI wrote to FastTrack and provided notice that its conduct was infringing and that it should obtain the necessary licensing. # RIAA wrote letter to MusicCity when it was an OpenNap system and placed MusicCity on notice of infringing conduct. The same principals contacted by the RIAA are still in place at MusicCity. # In discussion with General Counsel of Copyright.net, KaZaA CEO acknowledged exchange of copyrighted content and stated looking into filters, particularly for child porn. # Press has raised issue of exchange of copyrighted content with company principals. # Widespread presence of copyrighted materials on system. # Message Boards discuss available music, films, and software. # MusicCity employees participate in message board discussions and CEO acknowledges MusicCity controls message boards. # [should we provide notice by letters and when?] Material Contribution # FastTrack creates and licenses software primarily used for the reproduction and distribution of copyrighted works. # FastTrack created and controls encryption that ensures that the network remains closed and insulated from outside monitoring. # Provides a dynamic list of available supernodes where content can be exchanged (possibly through the .38 server). # Continually updates the list of available supernodes and communicates that information to users (likely through the .34 server). # FastTrack, MusicCity and Grockster maintain log-in servers. # Maintains the s1grokster.com server which acts as a supernode (and by definition maintains a file index). # Resolves netsplits and other system problems (likely through the .34 server). Vicarious Infringement Vicarious liability arises when the defendant "has the right and ability to super_vise the infringing activity and also has a direct financial interest in such activities." Napster, 239 F.3d at 1022. Right and Ability to Supervise # KaZaA, MusicCity, and Grokster all expressly reserve the right to limit the number of files that users make available or access and to terminate users who infringe intellectual property rights or violate other laws. # Music_City also reserves the right to remove or disable links to alleged_ly infringing material. # Network limits MP3 files to certain bitrate # MusicCity implemented a filter for child pornography. # Steve Griffin claims to have cooperated with police in limiting the exchange of child pornography. Financial Benefit # Generate advertising revenue based on user base. # Steve Griffin expressed to head of Rock the Vote that he can’t stop infringements so he intends to make money from it. # Zennstrom acknowledged to the press that FastTrack is making money. # The services have a rapidly growing user base and according to CNET’s download.com is the most popular software on the net. # MusicCity obtaining additional funding from Timberline Venture Partners. III. Recommendation We have solid claims against FastTrack, MusicCity, and Grockster of secondary liability for copyright infringement. The claims are not as strong as those against Napster, but they are also not so remote as to be wishful. Our claims would likely be strengthened by learning more about the designation of supernodes and the content of communications within the system. However, the encryption of this communication precludes further learning absent cooperation from one of these companies or court ordered discovery. In that regard, we recently learned that FastTrack is very interested in exploring alternatives to litigation and its principals are willing to sit down with the record companies to discuss ways of resolving any dispute. FastTrack is willing to sell the company and the technology, or enter into a licensing arrangement. FastTrack is also willing to implement filtering technologies to prevent infringements. We have also learned that MusicCity is looking for the litigation and would like for us to file suit. Thus, we recommend (1) filing claims against FastTrack, MusicCity, and Grockster, (2) immediately thereafter initiating discussions with FastTrack about resolving our claims in a way that will provide us with useful information and testimony against MusicCity, and if possible obtain FastTrack’s cooperation in shutting down or converting MusicCity and Grokster, and (3) continue forward with litigation against MusicCity, Grokster, and potentially Timberline Venture Partners. Research: FastTrack Operates Server on Nevis February 2, 2003 Ciarán Tannam Mark Ishikawa is CEO of BayTSP, an Internet security firm 'specializing in the tracking and reporting of stolen content on the Internet'. He has conducted research into how Kazaa/FastTrack works. The research has found some damning evidence of some control that those involved with FastTrack have over the P2P network. According to an AP article Mark Ishikawa has found that Kazaa software shows signs of "calling home" when it cannot find a supernode, or a regional directory running off users' computers. Mark traced these requests to a server on the Caribbean island of Nevis. On further investigation he found that the server was operated by a computing data centre. Despite his efforts the laws of Nevis prevented him from finding out the owner of the server. Nevis is the home of Grokster Ltd and it is likely that they own the server in question. This backs up older RIAA research into FastTrack which found that FastTrack applications come loaded with a large list of IP addresses for supernodes. However if the list is somehow corrupted, the application causes the peer to contact another server controlled by KaZaA. Kazaa at the time of this RIAA research was owned by the same people who now own Joltid. Significantly this does not 100% prove that any of the companies linked to FastTrack have complete control over the network. However it seems to indicate the form of control that those connected to FastTrack have is related to knowing the location of supernodes and the ability to alter them. The 26 entertainment companies who are suing those connected with FastTrack also state that the removal of Morpheus from FastTrack demonstrates central control. Those who now own Joltid removed Morpheus from the network for unpaid bills. It is widely believed that they removed Morpheus from the network by altering the way supernodes communicate. Mark Ishikawa may be called to testify in the FastTrack lawsuit. __________________ i beat the internet - the end boss is hard Secret Temple of It

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20-12-02, 07:19 AM	#22
cybathug Registered User Join Date: Dec 2002 Location: Aus Posts: 6	klite 2 comes with a few useful addons, which can be used in combination to preview files. 1)Use Dat View to select your dl directory (1st button), find which .dat file is the one you're after, then choose a directory to copy to (3rd button). Hit the 2nd button and the file will be created where you specified. 2)Use AVI preview if it's an avi file, otherwise open in any media proggy (Should work, but I've only ever previewed AVIs) Hope this helps

13-03-03, 07:27 PM	#24
ssj4_android Redefining Reality Join Date: Feb 2002 Posts: 406	About not being able to preview files: DO you mean it just won't or does it ask for a codec download? I have noticed that you have to have a lot of the file downloaded for preview to work.

15-03-03, 12:44 AM	#26
JackSpratts Join Date: May 2001 Location: New England Posts: 10,017	to me the question was always why morpheus crashed and didn't just continue running, separate from fasttrack, the way it was supposed to. i can't tell you how many times i was told that the network just "keeps going" regardless of what happens to the servers, but quite simply it didn't work out that way. the plug was pulled and morpheus went down in in less than 96 hours, when up until that day all the official reports said it would soldier on. i have always been skeptical of the claims surrounding the reported robustness of this network. to now find out officially that grokster and some portions of kmd will die (what’s the percentage i wonder) is a bittersweet confirmation. so maybe i should take a poll on what the fasttrack replacement will be. - js.