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Peer to Peer The 3rd millenium technology! |
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Join Date: May 2001
Location: New England
Posts: 10,018
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![]() ![]() ![]() "It also seems clear that mixtapes can actually bolster an artist’s sales. The most recent Lil Wayne solo album, 'Tha Carter II', sold more than a million copies, though none of its singles climbed any higher than No. 32 on Billboard’s Hot 100 chart. That’s an impressive feat, and it’s hard to imagine how he would have done it without help from a friendly pirate." – Kelefa Sanneh "Judge Tries to Unring Bell Hanging Around Neck of Horse Already Out of Barn Being Carried on Ship That Has Sailed." – William G. Childs "We are living through the largest expansion of expressive capability in the history of the human race. And it wouldn’t be a revolution if there were no losers." – Clay Shirky "I guarantee that a wealth of pornography from the late 20th century will survive in digital distributed form (because) it's a social model that's working extremely well." – Kurt Bollacker "To be featured in a video game is probably the greatest way to reach a large audience right now." – Dave Navarro "People magazine’s article this week on Britney Spears and her 'new guy,' model Isaac Cohen, is five paragraphs long. It was reported and written by seven people. To be fair, they were long paragraphs." – Katharine Q. Seelye and Richard Siklos "Flat is the new up." – Time Inc. executive "I think this is all complete nonsense." – Michael Arrington "You know, you don't think water is going to kill you." – Lucy Davidson "Paying for something this awful hurts." – Adam Gillitt "This was a huge mistake, me coming on here." – Bill O'Reilly Mabel ATT is finally getting around to offering DSL to people who don’t use their brand of telephone service. It took the latest merger to do it but you have to wonder why they waited so long. As it is the FCC forced it on them as a condition of approval. They broke up Ma Bell for a reason and if she’s going to pull herself back together again she can expect demands from regulators. Had they not broken up the old A.T.&T. it’s doubtful I’d be writing this or you’d be at this forum reading it. The explosion of the telecom-based Internet undoubtedly happened because ATT was pushed out of the way and no one besides ATT itself seems to be in any hurry to return to the old days. So ATT had to take a few hits to get the merger going but it really is more life support than onerous reg. So-called naked DSL was one requirement. I’m not sure this will have much traction however, it’s probably too little too late. Friends in the property management business tell me new tenants don’t subscribe to land lines and they haven’t for some time. They all have cell phones but no wired home phone. They have TV of course so they pick what they want from the cable company. A bundled Comcast package of TV and broadband works just fine. The local telco isn’t needed. They get their cable TV and Internet access and sometimes even the VoIP telephone thing, all with speeds well in excess of what ATT is offering. Monthly gig caps don't seem to bother them much. I guess most of them aren't BT junkies, but they like the quick hit that comes with higher speed cable. Cable isn’t cheap. The new ATT deal is though, and maybe the 20 dollar price looks attractive, but whoa that 768 speed is from hunger. You can't even stream video at those rates, and they gotta have YouTube. On the other hand it might be a decent first time price for geezers, but along with their land yachts and their pals Toots and Mabel flapping in the rolodex those folks still have their land lines. Naked DSL won’t float their boat. No siree, it’s those Internet savvy whippersnappers ATT is trying to woo, and boy do they need them. They’ve been dropping home phones faster than yesterday’s papers. This latest offer won't change that though. Not a chance. I’ve spoken at length with these kids. I’m familiar with ATT services, both POTS and DSL, and they are good values; rock steady and cap-free - but for young people that ship has sailed. I can talk up the benefits of ATT all I like yet they won't even call for a quote, let alone buy a package. They look at me as if I’m trying to sell them membership in AARP. They’ve left Ma Bell. She simply lost her allure. Whether cheap DSL, TV over phone lines or anything else in the way of new services can change that cold fact remains to be seen. I suppose if the guy who hates net neutrality and is infamous for greedily claiming he “owns the pipes” buys ATT and tries to Frankenstein a dead phone monopoly back to life it means there is plenty to keep an eye on. Lucky for us however he’s just not the kind of operator who gets kids hot, nor one able to get the money they spend to finance his monopolistic Internet dream. There is the coup he pulled with Jobs and his iPhone though, but did you notice? The celebration was grand for one day, then the hangover hit hard the next. Steve Jobs’ vision of total control is getting even weirder than the ATT guy. So there’s my Nightmare of the Week: AT&T and Apple in bed together, along with Disney and the **AA. The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, with Orrin Hatch and his Digitally Restricted Manure bringing up the rear. Here’s hoping it’s just the DT’s. Enjoy, Jack ![]() January 20th, '07 ![]() RIAA getting new law Senate DRM Bill Aimed At Satcasters FMQB A bill has been introduced to Congress which would set new rules for satellite radio, creating new rates and content protection standards similar to those of Internet radio. The legislation was sponsored by Sens. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA), Lindsey Graham (R-SC), Joseph Biden (D-DE) and Lamar Alexander (R-TN). The bill is part of the ongoing debate over the ability of satellite radio subscribers to record high-quality, digital copies of songs directly from broadcasts. The RIAA and other organizations have spoken out against the possibility of recording directly from satellite broadcasts, and has asked for similar rules to be put into play that are in effect for Internet radio broadcasters. The RIAA has hailed the bill, with Chairman/CEO Mitch Bainwol stating, "This early play by Sen. Feinstein and her colleagues should leave no doubt that policymakers continue to view parity among digital music services as a top priority. And a top priority it should be. Under the current system, satellite radio has been allowed to morph into a digital distribution service – shorting the creators of music, displacing licensed sales and threatening the integrity of the digital music marketplace in the process. We love satellite radio. But this is simply no way to do business. It’s in everyone’s best interest to ensure a marketplace where fair competition can thrive.” http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=332444 ![]() With Arrest of DJ Drama, the Law Takes Aim at Mixtapes Kelefa Sanneh In the world of hip-hop few music executives have more influence than DJ Drama. His “Gangsta Grillz” compilations have helped define this decade’s Southern rap explosion. He has been instrumental in the careers of rappers like Young Jeezy and Lil Wayne. He appears on the cover of the March issue of the hip-hop magazine XXL, alongside his friend and business partner T.I., the top-selling rapper of 2006. And later this year DJ Drama is scheduled to make his Atlantic Records debut with “Gangsta Grillz: The Album.” Now DJ Drama is yet another symbol of the music industry’s turmoil and confusion. On Tuesday night he was arrested with Don Cannon, a protégé. The police, working with the Recording Industry Association of America, raided his office, at 147 Walker Street in Atlanta. The association makes no distinction between counterfeit CDs and unlicensed compilations like those that DJ Drama is known for. So the police confiscated 81,000 discs, four vehicles, recording gear, and “other assets that are proceeds of a pattern of illegal activity,” said Chief Jeffrey C. Baker, from the Morrow, Ga., police department, which participated in the raid. DJ Drama (whose real name is Tyree Simmons) and Mr. Cannon were each charged with a felony violation of Georgia’s Racketeering Influenced Corrupt Organization law(known as RICO) and held on $100,000 bond. The compilations produced by DJ Drama and his protégés are known as mixtapes, though they appear on CDs, not cassettes. Mixtapes have become a vital part of the hip-hop world. They are often the only way for listeners to keep up with a genre that moves too quickly to be captured on albums. On a mixtape you can hear unreleased remixes, sneak previews from coming CDs, casual freestyle rhymes, never-to-be-released goofs. Mixtapes are, by definition, unregulated: DJs don’t get permission from record companies, and record companies have traditionally ignored and sometimes bankrolled mixtapes, reasoning that they serve as valuable promotional tools. And rappers have grown increasingly canny at using mixtapes to promote themselves. The career of 50 Cent has a lot to do with his mastery of the mixtape form, and now no serious rapper can afford to be absent from this market for too long. As mixtapes evolved from a street-corner phenomenon to a cornerstone of the hip-hop industry, record companies tried to figure out ways to cash in. Mixtape D.J.’s like DJ Clue, DJ Kay Slay and others have released major-label compilations full of tracks that abide by copyright rules. But it’s not easy to turn a mixtape into something you can legally sell: part of the fun is hearing rappers remake one another’s songs and respond to one another’s taunts; a great mixtape captures the controlled chaos that hip-hop thrives on. DJ Drama’s mixtapes are often great. He has turned “Gangsta Grillz” into a prestige brand: each is a carefully compiled disc, full of exclusive tracks, devoted to a single rapper who is also the host. Rappers often seem proud to be considered good enough for a “Gangsta Grillz” mixtape. On “Dedication,” the first of his two excellent “Gangsta Grillz” mixtapes, Lil Wayne announces, “I hooked up with dude, now we ’bout to make history.” The compilation showed off Lil Wayne more effectively than his albums ever had, and “Dedication” helped revive his career. When some unreleased tracks by T.I. leaked to the Internet, T.I. teamed up with DJ Drama for a pre-emptive strike: together, they created a mixtape called “The Leak.” As mixtapes have grown more popular, they have also grown easier to purchase, despite that official-sounding declaration — “For Promotional Use Only” — printed on every one. Sites like mixunit.com specialize in selling them, and big record shops and online stores have followed suit. As of yesterday DJ Drama was sitting in jail, but dozens of his unlicensed compilations were still available at the iTunes shop. Brad A. Buckles, executive vice president for anti-piracy at the Recording Industry Association of America, said, “A sound recording is either copyrighted or it’s not.” And he said the DJ Drama case, like most piracy cases, began with illegal product, which was then traced back to the distributor. Chief Baker said that before the raid, DJ Drama and Mr. Cannon were sent cease-and-desist letters from a local lawyer. There have been mixtape busts before: in 2005, five employees of Mondo Kim’s, in the East Village in New York, were jailed after the store was found to be selling unlicensed mixtapes. But the arrest of a figure as prominent as DJ Drama is unprecedented. Record companies usually portray the fight against piracy as a fight for artists’ rights, but this case complicates that argument: most of DJ Drama’s mixtapes begin with enthusiastic endorsements from the artists themselves. It also seems clear that mixtapes can actually bolster an artist’s sales. The most recent Lil Wayne solo album, “Tha Carter II” (Cash Money/Universal), sold more than a million copies, though none of its singles climbed any higher than No. 32 on Billboard’s Hot 100 chart. That’s an impressive feat, and it’s hard to imagine how he would have done it without help from a friendly pirate. Brenda Goodman contributed reporting from Atlanta. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/18/ar...ic/18dram.html ![]() History Repeats Itself: How The RIAA Is Like 17th Century French Button-Makers Mike As regular readers know, I've been working through a series of posts on how economics works when scarcity is removed from some areas. I took a bit of a break over the holidays to catch up on some reading, and to do some further thinking on the subject (along with some interesting discussions with people about the topic). One of the books I picked up was one that I haven't read in well over a decade, but often recommend to others to read if they're interested in learning more about economics, but have no training at all in the subject. It's Robert L. Heilbroner's The Worldly Philosophers. Beyond giving readers a general overview of a variety of different economic theories, the book actually makes them all sound really interesting. It's a good book not necessarily because of the nitty gritty of economics (which it doesn't cover), but because it makes economics interesting, and gives people a good basis to then dig into actual economic theory and not find it boring and meaningless, but see it as a way to better understand what these "philosophers" were discussing. Reading through an early chapter, though, it struck me how eerily a specific story Heilbroner told about France in 1666 matches up with what's happening today with the way the recording industry has reacted to innovations that have challenged their business models. Just two paragraphs highlight a couple of situations with striking similarities to the world today: "The question has come up whether a guild master of the weaving industry should be allowed to try an innovation in his product. The verdict: 'If a cloth weaver intends to process a piece according to his own invention, he must not set it on the loom, but should obtain permission from the judges of the town to employ the number and length of threads that he desires, after the question has been considered by four of the oldest merchants and four of the oldest weavers of the guild.' One can imagine how many suggestions for change were tolerated. Shortly after the matter of cloth weaving has been disposed of, the button makers guild raises a cry of outrage; the tailors are beginning to make buttons out of cloth, an unheard-of thing. The government, indignant that an innovation should threaten a settled industry, imposes a fine on the cloth-button makers. But the wardens of the button guild are not yet satisfied. They demand the right to search people's homes and wardrobes and fine and even arrest them on the streets if they are seen wearing these subversive goods." Requiring permission to innovate? Feeling entitled to search others' property? Getting the power to act like law enforcement in order to fine or arrest those who are taking part in activities that challenge your business model? Don't these all sound quite familiar? Centuries from now (hopefully much, much sooner), the actions of the RIAA, MPAA and others that match those of the weavers and button-makers of 17th century France will seem just as ridiculous. http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070110/004225.shtml ![]() Connecticut 'Toilet Bomber' Pleads Guilty AP A Weston man once called one of the Internet's most notorious pirates of music and movies plans to plead guilty to a federal charge that he blew up a portable toilet last year, according to court records filed Thursday. Bruce Forest was charged last year with seven counts of using explosives to destroy property and seven counts of discharging a firearm in connection with a series of toilet explosions in 2005 and 2006. No one was injured. Under a plea agreement, Forest intends to plead guilty on Feb. 12 to a charge that he blew up a toilet in Weston in February 2006, according to court papers his attorney, Bernard Grossberg, filed Thursday. Telephone messages were left Thursday for Grossberg and prosecutors. "We're at a loss to explain why he was doing this, other than the excitement of blowing things up," Weston Police Chief Anthony Land said last year when Forest was arrested on state charges. Forest is also asking to be released from prison so he can get medical treatment. He proposes remaining in the custody of his wife and mother under home confinement with electronic monitoring. Under the proposed conditions of the release, Forest's home would be subject to random searches and he would not be allowed to possess a gun. Last year, U.S. Magistrate Holly Fitzsimmons ruled that Forest was too dangerous to be released from prison and ordered him to undergo a medical evaluation. Fitzsimmons said that an arsenal of weapons was found at his home and the charges involved "an escalating pattern of destruction." The judge also cited evidence that Forest was using drugs or medications illegally obtained over the Internet and told a neighbor he was working for the government and was responsible for repelling any terrorist attack on the neighborhood. Most of the explosions occurred at night in isolated areas, but the last blast in Norwalk occurred during the day in a heavily populated area, authorities said. The explosives involved a mixture of chemicals, police said. Forest was being treated for anxiety, depression and migraine headaches stemming from a fall that caused head trauma, according to a court-appointed social worker. Forest was a notorious Internet pirate in the late 1990s, said J.D. Lasica, a San Francisco writer who dubbed Forest "Prince of the Darknet" in his 2005 book "Darknet: Hollywood's War Against the Digital Generation." http://www.newstimeslive.com/news/story.php?id=1028781 ![]() Want an iPhone? Beware the iHandcuffs Randall Stross STEVE JOBS, Apple’s showman nonpareil, provided the first public glimpse of the iPhone last week — gorgeous, feature-laden and pricey. While following the master magician’s gestures, it was easy to overlook a most disappointing aspect: like its slimmer iPod siblings, the iPhone’s music-playing function will be limited by factory-installed “crippleware.” If “crippleware” seems an unduly harsh description, it balances the euphemistic names that the industry uses for copy protection. Apple officially calls its own standard “FairPlay,” but fair it is not. The term “crippleware” comes from the plaintiff in a class-action lawsuit, Melanie Tucker v. Apple Computer Inc., that is making its way through Federal District Court in Northern California. The suit contends that Apple unfairly restricts consumer choice because it does not load onto the iPod the software needed to play music that uses Microsoft’s copy-protection standard, in addition to Apple’s own. Ms. Tucker’s core argument is that the absence of another company’s software on the iPod constitutes “crippleware.” I disagree. It is Apple’s own copy-protection software itself that cripples the device. Here is how FairPlay works: When you buy songs at the iTunes Music Store, you can play them on one — and only one — line of portable player, the iPod. And when you buy an iPod, you can play copy-protected songs bought from one — and only one — online music store, the iTunes Music Store. The only legal way around this built-in limitation is to strip out the copy protection by burning a CD with the tracks, then uploading the music back to the computer. If you’re willing to go to that trouble, you can play the music where and how you choose — the equivalent to rights that would have been granted automatically at the cash register if you had bought the same music on a CD in the first place. Even if you are ready to pledge a lifetime commitment to the iPod as your only brand of portable music player or to the iPhone as your only cellphone once it is released, you may find that FairPlay copy protection will, sooner or later, cause you grief. You are always going to have to buy Apple stuff. Forever and ever. Because your iTunes will not play on anyone else’s hardware. Unlike Apple, Microsoft has been willing to license its copy-protection software to third-party hardware vendors. But copy protection is copy protection: a headache only for the law-abiding. Microsoft used to promote its PlaysForSure copy-protection standard, but there must have been some difficulty with the “for sure” because the company has dropped it in favor of an entirely new copy-protection standard for its new Zune player, which, incidentally, is incompatible with the old one. Pity the overly trusting customers who invested earlier in music collections before the Zune arrived. Their music cannot be played on the new Zune because it is locked up by software enforcing the earlier copy-protection standard: PlaysFor(Pretty)Sure — ButNotTheNewStuff. The name for the umbrella category for copy-protection software is itself an indefensible euphemism: Digital Rights Management. As consumers, the “rights” enjoyed are few. As some wags have said, the initials D.R.M. should really stand for “Digital Restrictions Management.” As consumers become more aware of how copy protection limits perfectly lawful behavior, they should throw their support behind the music labels that offer digital music for sale in plain-vanilla MP3 format, without copy protection. Apple pretends that the decision to use copy protection is out of its hands. In defending itself against Ms. Tucker’s lawsuit, Apple’s lawyers noted in passing that digital-rights-management software is required by the major record companies as a condition of permitting their music to be sold online: “Without D.R.M., legal online music stores would not exist.” In other words, however irksome customers may find the limitations imposed by copy protection, the fault is the music companies’, not Apple’s. This claim requires willful blindness to the presence of online music stores that eschew copy protection. For example, one online store, eMusic, offers two million tracks from independent labels that represent about 30 percent of worldwide music sales. Unlike the four major labels — Universal, Warner Music Group, EMI and Sony BMG — the independents provide eMusic with permission to distribute the music in plain MP3 format. There is no copy protection, no customer lock-in, no restrictions on what kind of music player or media center a customer chooses to use — the MP3 standard is accommodated by all players. EMusic recently celebrated the sale of its 100 millionth download; it trails only iTunes as the largest online seller of digital music. (Of course, iTunes, with 2 billion downloads, has a substantial lead.) Among the artists who can be found at eMusic are Barenaked Ladies, Sarah McLachlan and Avril Lavigne, who are represented by Nettwerk Music Group, based in Vancouver, British Columbia. All Nettwerk releases are available at eMusic without copy protection. But when the same tracks are sold by the iTunes Music Store, Apple insists on attaching FairPlay copy protection that limits their use to only one portable player, the iPod. Terry McBride, Nettwerk’s chief executive, said that the artists initially required Apple to use copy protection, but that this was no longer the case. At this point, he said, copy protection serves only Apple’s interests . Josh Bernoff, a principal analyst at Forrester Research, agreed, saying copy protection “just locks people into Apple.” He said he had recently asked Apple when the company would remove copy protection and was told, “We see no need to do so.” Apple’s statement is a detailed treatise on the subject, compared with what I received when I asked the company last week whether it would offer tracks without copy protection if the publisher did not insist on it: the Apple spokesman took my query and never got back to me. David Pakman, the C.E.O. of eMusic, said the major labels have watched their revenues decline about $10 billion since a 2001 peak; meanwhile, revenue earned by the independents has held steady. He said his service offers music from 9,800 labels, each of which has embraced downloads in MP3 format. Only four labels still cling to copy protection, even though piracy has not declined, and those are the four major labels. Mr. McBride, of Nettwerk, predicted that in 2007 the major labels would finally move to drop copy protection in order to provide iPod owners the option of shopping at online music stores other than iTunes; by doing so, he added, they would “break the monopoly of Apple” that dictates terms and conditions for music industry suppliers and customers. Some encouraging signs have appeared recently. Dave Goldberg, the head of Yahoo Music, persuaded EMI to try some experiments last month with MP3 downloads — a Norah Jones single here, a Reliant K single there. With sales of physical CDs falling faster than digital music sales are growing, he said, the major labels “have got to make it easier for people to do the right thing” — that is, to buy recorded music unencumbered with copy protection rather than to engage in illegal file-sharing. IN the long view, Mr. Goldberg said he believes that today’s copy-protection battles will prove short-lived. Eventually, perhaps in 5 or 10 years, he predicts, all portable players will have wireless broadband capability and will provide direct access, anytime, anywhere, to every song ever released for a low monthly subscription fee. It’s a prediction that has a high probability of realization because such a system is already found in South Korea, where three million subscribers enjoy direct, wireless access to a virtually limitless music catalog for only $5 a month. He noted, however, that music companies in South Korea did not agree to such a radically different business model until sales of physical CDs had collapsed. Pointing to South Korea, where copy protection has disappeared, Mr. Goldberg invoked the pithy aphorism attributed to the author William Gibson: “The future is here; it’s just not widely distributed yet.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/14/bu...ey/14digi.html ![]() iPhone Skins Irk Apple ![]() The iPhone user interface running on a Windows Mobile handheld. Australian Apple devotees may not have to wait until next year to get their hands on the iPhone, as its user interface (UI) can be downloaded onto competing devices that are available now. Savvy coders have developed iPhone "skins" that work with most smartphones based on the Windows Mobile and Palm operating systems. The issue has angered Apple to such an extent that it has sent its lawyers after a number of those involved - both directly and indirectly. The skins don't add any new functionality to the devices, but make use of the iPhone's copyrighted icons to create a UI that distinctly resembles Apple's hybrid mobile phone. Soon after the skins were uploaded to the Brighthand and Xda-developers internet message boards, Apple unleashed its legal team, who sent removal letters to at least one of the websites hosting the files. Apple's lawyers also sent letters to journalists who simply reported on the fact that the skins were available. "It has come to our attention that you have posted a screenshot of Apple's new iPhone and links that facilitate the installation of that screenshot on a PocketPC device," law firm O'Melveny & Myers LLP wrote to Paul O'Brien, who runs the MoDaCo website. "While we appreciate your interest in the iPhone, the icons and screenshot displayed on your website are copyrighted by Apple. "Apple therefore demands that you remove this screenshot from your website and refrain from facilitating the further dissemination of Apple's copyrighted material by removing the link to http://forum.xda-developers.com, where said icons and screenshot are being distributed." Apple's actions have sparked fury among tech industry watchers, who have accused the company of bullying and being notoriously litigious. "I think this is all complete nonsense," Michael Arrington, of the influential technology blog TechCrunch, said. "If Apple wants to go after the guy that made the Windows Mobile skin that looks like the iPhone, fine. But to bully bloggers who are simply reporting on this is another matter." Ironically, Apple's attempts to have the files removed from the web have only given the skins greater publicity, and they have already begun spreading to other websites. The issue marks a distinct change in tone for many bloggers and journalists, who just last week praised Apple for its "revolutionary" and "game-changing" phone despite being unable to conduct a proper hands-on test of the product. But this isn't the first example of Apple's legal team targeting individual bloggers and website owners. In a high-profile US lawsuit that was filed in late 2004, Apple sued three bloggers after they published information - which Apple labelled "trade secrets" - of an unreleased Apple product. By filing the suit, Apple hoped to determine who in the company was leaking information to the media. The court initially ruled in favour of Apple, but the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the organisation representing the bloggers, lodged an appeal. Judge Franklin Elia of the 6th District Court of Appeal rejected Apple's arguments that the bloggers were not true "journalists" protected by First Amendment rights to keep their sources secret. "All you want here is the name of a snitch, so you're saying you have the right to invade the privacy of the email system and to trump the First Amendment ... just to find out who in your organisation is giving out inappropriate information?" Judge Elia asked Apple's attorney. Apple later dropped the case, deciding against taking it to the Supreme Court. An Apple spokesman declined to comment for this story. http://www.theage.com.au/news/mobile...09656280.html# ![]() Why Hollywood Snubbed Jobs at Macworld Most of Tinseltown won't buy into the Apple chief's digital vision until he ponies up more money and gets more serious about protecting content Ronald Grover By all accounts, Steve Jobs gave a socko performance, delivered with his usual charm and controversial style, Jan. 9 at Apple's (AAPL) annual Macworld gathering. Apple TV, which Jobs says has licked the problem of linking your TV to content downloaded from the Internet, was introduced as thousands cheered in San Francisco's Moscone Center. Among the faithful were some tech companies, Walt Disney Co. (DIS) Chief Executive Robert Iger, and a smattering of TV executives. Most of the rest of Hollywood was conspicuously absent. Only four months back, when Iger announced that Jack Sparrow and the rest of Disney's movie characters could be downloaded to Apple's video iPod, it looked like Jobs was on his way toward taming the beast called Hollywood. A prototype of Apple TV, then code-named iTV, would soon link to the iPod and ship movies from Steve's world to our TVs—or so the whiskered one led us to believe. But no other Hollywood studio has yet joined Disney in giving Jobs their most precious commodity: new-to-the-home-market movies, which continue to be the studios' hottest sellers in the still-robust $32-billion-a-year DVD market. To be fair, Jobs & Co. did manage to lure a second studio, when Paramount Pictures announced it was joining the iPod brigade. The Viacom (VIA) unit, eager to overcome its image as a digital Neanderthal, said it would license to Apple 100 or so of its older movies. You want Breakfast at Tiffany's and Mean Girls, you can get them. But try to get Dreamgirls when it comes out on video in a few months, or Shrek 3, which Paramount will release this summer for DreamWorks Animation (DWA). Wanted: Stricter Sharing Rules Paramount may eventually give Apple its hot new flicks, but not yet and not until it sees how its maiden iPod voyage goes. But as Jobs was making his starlit announcement at Macworld, I was several hundred miles away in Las Vegas, getting the lowdown at the Consumer Electronics Show from studio executives who aren't likely to join Paramount and Disney anytime soon. Hollywood, I was told, still doesn't trust Steve Jobs with its crown jewels. Yes, everyone loves that ratings for shows like NBC's (GE) The Office and ABC's Lost seem to be up thanks to the promotional exposure of being available via iPod download. But while just about every TV network quickly followed Disney's 2005 decision to give its TV shows to Apple, few have yet to join the Mouse with movies. When you have a piece of content than can cost upward of $100 million to produce, you don't give it up without a lot of soul-searching and number-crunching. What does Hollywood want from Steve Jobs? For starters, more protection for their films. "His user rules just scare the heck out of us," one studio executive told me. Indeed, under Apple's video iPod digital-rights-management scheme, folks can share their flicks with as many as three other iPod users. Balking at Movie Download Prices That's good for the guys who get free flicks, but it's bad for Hollywood, which goes bat crazy over the notion of pirated freebies on the Internet. To them, losing a customer courtesy of the video iPod is just as bad. Add into the equation the new Apple TV, which would allow folks to put that movie on their TVs, and Hollywood sees more and more of its DVD bucks headed out the door. Then, there is the issue of price. Charging $14.99 for new flicks and $9.99 for older ones, Jobs clearly wants to undercut big-box retailers like Wal-Mart (WMT) and Target (TGT), which sell the great majority of the newer DVDs these days for as much as $19 a pop. That's a bad move on Jobs's part. Both Wal-Mart and Target have made their feelings known about being undercut by Apple. Big surprise—they're not happy about it, and Hollywood has been paying attention to these all-important retailers. Both Wal-Mart and Target have since moderated their stance, at least in public, but I was told the discussions between Hollywood and Apple of late have focused on how to raise the initial price, at least for the hottest hits. Deal May Require Softer Touch The big question, of course, is how much Jobs is listening. He didn't much care when the music industry came looking for more money when the music it licensed to him became huge thanks to iTunes. Why would he? He had the upper hand. This time around, with Microsoft (MSFT) already out with its own link to the tube (which it's called iTV, it seems, just to rub it in), Jobs has real competition. And movies aren't nearly the hit on the video iPod that music almost instantly became. If you're a Hollywood suit, you figure you can wait out the whiskered one this time around. Disney had valid reasons for being first to the video iPod party. Iger loves to show people that the first image you see when you log on to the iTunes video page is a screen shot of Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean. That's free promotion, and any movie exec would take that. Plus, Iger needed to show the world that Disney, after years of stumbles, had become a champion of new technology. But others aren't so eager to be the second, third, or fourth out of the box, it appears. None of the studios involved would comment for this story. My money is on Steve Jobs eventually winning over Hollywood. He didn't build his reputation as the high priest and visionary of the tech world without the ability to divine which way the wind is blowing. But it will be a little tricky for a marketing master not known for his light touch at the negotiating table. I'm betting that Jack Sparrow and friends will have company soon enough on the Good Ship Apple. But the swashbuckler from Apple may have to put away his sword. http://businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnfl...112_399642.htm ![]() Kernel Developer, Alan Cox, Files Patent on DRM Benanzo A series of patents have been filed by the well-known Linux kernel developer, Alan Cox, asserting ownership of any DRM technology employed in software to modify the behavior of a system if certain conditions are not met. Since Red Hat and Cox himself are staunch open-source proponents, if this patent is granted it is likely that they will choose not to license this technology, and instead, sue for any use of it as a defense of OSS. Red Hat's patent policy (http://www.redhat.com/legal/patent_policy.html) states that any patents they own will be used to defend FOSS developers if attacked. It also states that their patents may be used freely in OSS under gpl. I certainly hope this is granted. Is it defendable though?? http://www.linuxquestions.org/questi....php?p=2574359 ![]() Universal and Sony Prohibit Zune Sharing for Certain Artists Paul Miller It's official: record companies don't like you. After all that griping about signing up for the Zune music store -- and keep in mind that these record companies receive monies for selling songs here -- that resulted in Universal Music Group getting some sort of fat royalty check from Microsoft for Zune sales, not to mention whatever negotiations went on behind closed doors to come up with that ridiculously minimal "three days or three plays" sharing scheme, a couple of labels have once again gone out of their way to make life hard on you. It appears Sony Music and Universal Music Group are marking certain artists of theirs as "prohibited" for sharing, meaning that just because you've paid for a song, and even managed to find another Zune user on the planet Earth, doesn't mean you'll necessarily get to beam that JoJo track to another Zune via WiFi magics. In a non-scientific sampling of popular artists by Zunerama and Zune Thoughts, it looks like it's roughly 40-50 percent of artist that fall under this prohibited banner, and the worst news is that there's no warning that a song might be unsharable until you actually try to send it and fail. Oh well, maybe you can just hum a few bars or something -- just make sure the labels don't hear you! http://www.engadget.com/2007/01/19/u...rtain-artists/ ![]() Microsoft Considered IPod Rival, Apple Partnership Dina Bass and Bob Van Voris Microsoft Corp., the world's largest software maker, as early as 2003 considered a partnership with Apple Inc. or creating its own digital music player to rival Apple's dominant iPod. Microsoft, displeased with hardware partners Creative Technology Ltd. and Dell Inc. that made players using Microsoft's Windows Media software, talked about building its own device, according to an e-mail exchange between Windows chief Jim Allchin and media software executive Amir Majidimehr. The correspondence, introduced into evidence in a civil antitrust trial against Microsoft in Des Moines, Iowa, was made public today. Allchin, who started the exchange in an e-mail entitled ``sucking on media players,'' also suggested he talk to Apple Chief Executive Officer Steve Jobs to get the iPod to work with Microsoft's media software for fear the iPod would ``drive people away from Windows Media Player.'' Microsoft introduced its Zune music player in November. ``My goodness it's terrible,'' Allchin wrote about one of Creative's devices. ``What I don't understand though is I was told the new Creative Labs device would be comparable to Apple. That is so not the case.'' Majidimehr replied ``Now you feel our pain.'' He said Microsoft was providing cash incentives to get the partners to improve devices. If that doesn't work ``it is time for us to roll up our sleeves and do our own hardware,'' he wrote. Changed Course Microsoft had been working with partners on music devices for at least a year before Apple introduced the iPod in 2001 and catapulted to a dominant position in the market. Microsoft and its partners failed to come up with compelling hardware and had difficulty getting software to properly connect music collections on computers with their devices. In July 2006 Microsoft announced it would change course and sell its own device, software and music service under the brand Zune. A spokesman for Microsoft's digital media group didn't have an immediate comment. Microsoft sold ``hundreds of thousands'' of Zune devices during Christmas, according to Entertainment and Devices Division President Robbie Bach. Apple sold 21.1 million iPods last quarter. Microsoft is defending itself in a private antitrust class action in Iowa that began in December. In the trial, a statewide class of consumers claim Microsoft used its monopoly position in computer operating systems and software applications to overcharge for its software, including Windows, Word and Excel. The consumers claim $329 million in damages since 1994. That amount may be tripled under Iowa law. Allchin Earlier this week the trial judge gave permission for plaintiffs' lawyers to tell the U.S. Department of Justice that they believe Microsoft violated a 2002 court order in the U.S. government's antitrust suit against the company. The lawyers say Microsoft hasn't disclosed certain application programming interfaces as required. The e-mails mark the second set of conversations exhibited in the trial in which Allchin, a 16-year Microsoft veteran, expresses concern about competition with Apple products. In a 2004 e-mail to Chairman Bill Gates and CEO Steve Ballmer made public during opening arguments in December, Allchin criticized Windows and said ``I would buy a Mac today if I was not working at Microsoft.'' Allchin at the time was leading development of Longhorn, the code name for Windows Vista, which reaches stores Jan. 30. Allchin, who is retiring after Vista is released, referred to Longhorn as ``a pig'' and said ``we have lost our way.'' Shares of Microsoft rose 11 cents to $31.11 at 4 p.m. New York time in Nasdaq Stock Market trading. They have risen 4.2 percent this month. The case is Comes v. Microsoft Corp., CL 82311, Iowa District Court, Polk County. http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news...anhaQOstu8 3g ![]() The Streamburst Antipiracy Plan: Don't Use DRM Nate Anderson A UK startup has some interesting ideas about protecting video content: offer it as high-quality, unencrypted MPEG-4 files already formatted for various user devices. Instead of shackling users with artificial technological limitations on what they can do with their files, Streamburst hopes to secure content using a bit of personalization and a unique watermarking system, and they've already put their system to work selling the Ewan McGregor motorcycle trip documentary Long Way Round. Burn to DVD? Fine. Transfer video to any portable device? No problem. Don't treat users like criminals? Check. This approach to content is so different from the one taken by most Hollywood studios that we caught up with Róbert Bjarnason at his home in the UK to talk about his new company and to ask him one simple question: is he crazy? Long way round It's become a mantra of sorts, not just on this site but among the content industry at large: piracy is a business model. To compete with it effectively, content companies have two choices. They can pour millions into robust new DRM schemes (see HD DVD, Blu-ray, and Windows Vista for examples) and then use the power of the law to hammer any users who are found violating their copyrights. That approach hasn't been working so well. It's slow and expensive; it generates the worst sort of PR; and it risks creating a new generation of pirates who discover that they have no alternative if they want to exercise their fair-use rights. The other way to compete with piracy is by actually attempting to compete: lower prices, no DRM, and making it easier to pay for a high-quality legal file than to pirate it. Bjarnason and his two partners are taking this approach with their new UK company, Streamburst. Last summer, Bjarnason was looking for something new. He'd been working on web sites for Long Way Round, the 2004 documentary about Ewan McGregor's 19,000-mile trip across Europe, Asia, and North America on motorcycle. The show had been off the air for some time, and the producers had plans to repackage the episodes as mobile phone clips. The project evolved as the team realized that laptops and iPods offered a much superior viewing experience and decided to offer the shows for all three devices. Bjarnason and two partners formed Streamburst to make the project a reality, and they coded the entire backend system using Ruby on Rails and standard open-source tools, all in under four months. Because they already had work from Long Way Round, the company was launched without any external funding—it was just the proverbial "guys in a garage." Building the storefront and encoding the video clips at different resolutions was straightforward stuff; the team's real innovation came when they looked at the piracy problem and decided on a novel approach to it. Don't call it DRM Bjarnason and Co. wanted the video files to be open and unencumbered, but they still needed to make it easy for for honest people to stay honest. The scheme they hit on does not resemble any traditional DRM. Bjarnason tells me it's an "anti-piracy scheme," not a restriction mechanism. The first part of the scheme appends a five-second introduction to each purchased show. It's simply a screen that shows the name of the person who paid for the download. It functions as a reminder that the file is intended for personal use, but it's not heavy-handed, and it doesn't restrict use. The video files are unencrypted MPEG-4 and can be burned to DVD for archiving or for watching on a home theater. But can't people simply strip their names out of the file? Sure they can, says Bjarnason, if they have an MPEG-4 editor. But it would take more time to do that (and to reencode the file) than it would to simply pirate a copy; Bjarnason says it's "harder than downloading." Besides, people who have just paid money to download a show shouldn't be treated like criminals, and are less likely to be the ones seeding P2P networks around the world. The second part of the scheme is a "watermark." That is, it's not technically a watermark in the usual sense of that term, but the encoding process does strip out a unique series of bits from the file. The missing information is a minuscule portion of the overall file that does not affect video quality, according to Bjarnason, but does allow the company to discover who purchased a particular file. The goal is to make people more accountable for their actions without artificially restricting those actions. Because of its design, the watermark even survives most editing changes and format shifts; burning to DVD and then ripping back onto a computer doesn't eliminate it. Finally, the price is kept low. Although Streamburst doesn't make these decisions, its first partnerships with McGregor's production company have sold videos for £1.35 each—less than the £1.89 charge for individual music videos in the iTunes UK store. Their first storefronts opened on December 18, selling episodes of shows like Long Way Round and Missing Face (a documentary which donates all profits to UNICEF). In their first month, they managed to sell more than 1,000 video clips. No, they won't be giving iTunes execs sleepless nights for quite some time, but they aren't trying to. Instead, the focus is on allowing independent producers to put out their work and get paid for it without shackling customers into restrictive DRM schemes. I've seen the future... and it is Iceland Streamburst is brand new—they first set up shop in September and only launched their corporate web site this week—but they already have plans to expand. Bjarnason hails from Iceland, and though he works in the UK, he'd love to get involved with the film industry in his native country. The Streamburst system is unlikely to be adopted by major Hollywood and European studios in the near term, so Bjarnason next hopes to turn to Iceland's indie film community. The team has also developed a technique for distributing the files via BitTorrent without losing the customized watermark; the video comes bundled inside a activation program that encodes the username and watermark into the file when it's purchased. But until Streamburst stores get a critical mass of users, it's actually more efficient to distribute files through the web. Should traffic pick up, the team already has a new distribution system ready to go. Will a system that relies on a Reagenesque "trust, but verify" approach to protecting content gain any traction in a famously paranoid industry? Here's hoping. DRM doesn't stop piracy anyway, so it's not impossible to imagine some future day in which the lion will lay down with the lamb, and studios will stop making criminals of those who want to rip a DVD to their iPod to get them through a long commute. Unfortunately, as Ken recently noted, DRM isn't really about piracy at all, but more about making users pay a second time for the "privilege" of format-shifting their purchased content. Even Apple loves the current regime. Companies that "think different"—like Streamburst—face a tough battle, but it's one worth fighting, and the company stands a decent chance of carving out a niche in the independent video market. Here's hoping for more such innovative thinking in 2007. http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070119-8657.html ![]() Privately, Hollywood Admits DRM Isn't About Piracy Ken Fisher For almost ten years now I have argued that digital rights management has little to do with piracy, but that is instead a carefully plotted ruse to undercut fair use and then create new revenue streams where there were previously none. I will briefly repeat my argument here before relating a prime example of it in the wild. The theory Access control technologies such as DRM create "scarcity" where there is immeasurable abundance, that is, in a world of digital reproduction. The early years saw tech such as CSS tapped to prevent the copying of DVDs, but DRM has become much more than that. It's now a behavioral modification scheme that permits this, prohibits that, monitors you, and auto-expires when. Oh, and sometimes you can to watch a video or listen to some music. The basic point is that access control technologies are becoming more and more refined. To create new, desirable product markets (e.g., movies for portable digital devices), the studios have turned to DRM (and the law) to create the scarcity (illegality of ripping DVDs) needed to both create the need for it and sustain it. Rather than admit that this is what they're doing, they trot out bogus studies claiming that this is all caused by piracy. It's the classic nannying scheme: "Because some of you can't be trusted, everyone has to be treated this way." But everybody knows that this nanny is in it for her own interests. Like all lies, there comes a point when the gig is up; the ruse is busted. For the movie studios, it's the moment they have to admit that it's not the piracy that worries them, but business models which don't squeeze every last cent out of customers. In a nutshell: DRM's sole purpose is to maximize revenues by minimizing your rights so that they can sell them back to you. The history History repeats itself, especially the bad parts. What I find most puzzling, however, is how history hasn't taught the movie industry this lesson yet. In 1982, then-MPAA head Jack Valenti testified before the House of Representatives on the emerging phenomenon of VCR ownership. He famously said, "I say to you that the VCR is to the American film producer and the American public as the Boston Strangler is to the woman home alone." Valenti said this in response to a claim that the VCR would be the greatest friend the American film producer ever had. Valenti was vehement in his opposition to the idea that the VCR could be a good thing. He, and many in the industry, believed that it was fundamentally wrong to allow the public to make decisions for themselves about how to use a VCR. They even expressed worry that multiple people could watch the same movie on a VCR, but not all of them would have to pay. The idea of Joe User buying a movie for a fixed price and then inviting friends over to see it was anathema to the industry. Yet by the late 1990s, sales of VHS movies were generating more revenue than movie ticket sales. DVD, the successor to VHS and Betamax, greatly widened the gap thanks to outstanding profit margins. The "Boston Strangler" was nowhere in sight. Of course, Hollywood lost the battle over the VCR, and its enemy became the best friend it ever had... that is, until behavior-modifying DRM was born, and Hollywood saw another chance to take a crack at the holy grail. The practice As a quick aside, let's put this piracy excuse to rest. You can easily find almost any DVD online, for free, because CSS has long been cracked and the movies uploaded. All of these new DRM schemes can't change that one simple fact: at least for the DVD market, a pirate's lifestyle is a matter of downloading some easily obtainable software. There is simply no evidence whatsoever that DRM slows piracy. In fact, all of the evidence suggests the opposite, and arguments that DRM "keeps honest people honest" are frankly insulting. If they're already honest, they don't need DRM. So given the windfall generated by the VCR, which was followed by an even greater explosion in revenue thanks to DVD, why aren't popular services like the iTunes Store being embraced? At a time when TV networks are seeing ratings boosts and fattened profits thanks to downloadable video, how come Disney is still the only movie studio to sell new releases on iTunes? If we believe Ronald Grover's sources in his BusinessWeek article of last week, the problem is liberal DRM and not piracy, and this is a startling admission. According to him, an unnamed studio executive said that a major reason why studios weren't jumping on board with the iTunes Store and other similar services is that their DRM is too lax. "[Apple's] user rules just scare the heck out of us." It's not piracy that's the concern, it's their ability to control how you use the content you purchase. As it turns out, five devices authorized for playback is too many, and the studios apparently believe that this is "just as bad" as piracy. Hollywood believes that iTunes Store customers will add their buddies' devices to their authorization list, and like evil communists, they'll share what they have purchased. This makes little sense, because the way iTunes works, you can only issue so many device authorizations at a time. You could share with a friend, but then your friend would have to be authorized to play all of your purchased content, taking up an authorization. Inconvenient, huh? But is it a big problem? I can walk in to Best Buy right now, buy a DVD, and lend it to every person I know. Who hasn't lent a DVD to a friend or colleague? This is perfectly legal behavior, but you can see that Hollywood hopes to stop this kind of thing via DRM. Thanks to the DMCA, once copyrighted contents have been encrypted, your rights fly right out the window. It sounds like a bad Hollywood tale: "In a world... where DRM is liberal... there's only one fowl that's not foul... Chicken Little. And the Sky. Is. Falling."</movievoice> http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070115-8616.html ![]() Hollywood Asks YouTube: Friend or Foe? Laura M. Holson Did you miss Eminem’s hit movie “8 Mile”? You’re in luck: Many of its rap battles and other major scenes are available for viewing on YouTube, the video-sharing Web site owned by Google. Indeed, until recently, the entire film was there, broken up into 12 nine-minute chunks to get around YouTube’s ban on longer clips. An 18-year-old YouTube user calling himself Yosickoyo posted the movie six months ago. He declined to give his real name, but said in an e-mail message that he had made the film available as a favor to others who had shared movies. “I just want to thank them by uploading a movie that I have,” he wrote. NBC Universal, whose Universal Pictures distributed “8 Mile” in 2002, did not appreciate the gesture. The company asked YouTube to take down the clips after it learned of them from a reporter. It was not the first time. NBC Universal has three employees who troll the site every day looking for studio-owned material, and they send more than 1,000 such requests a month to YouTube. “There is only so much we can do,” said Rick Cotton, NBC Universal’s general counsel, who estimated that more than half the videos on YouTube featuring NBC Universal’s television shows and films were unauthorized. As fast as a clip is taken down, he said, YouTube users “can always put up another.” As YouTube, with the backing of Google, becomes a powerful force in the media world, Hollywood studios and other entertainment companies are trying to figure out if it is friend or foe. After all, YouTube distributes unauthorized clips of the movies that the studios spend an average of $96 million to make. But it can also help them build tremendous buzz, and that is driving Hollywood to try to work with it instead of against it. Hoping to avoid some of the problems in the music industry that arose from illegal downloading of songs, all of the major studios — including NBC Universal, Warner Brothers Entertainment, which is owned by Time Warner, and the News Corporation’s 20th Century Fox, are in negotiations with YouTube seeking licensing agreements that would make their content legally available on the site. In the meantime, they are also pressing YouTube to adopt filtering mechanisms more quickly to keep unlawful material from even showing up. And several media companies are in talks to create their own YouTube-like site, a move some in the industry suggest is a form of posturing to help push the licensing negotiations forward. “I think studios will sue if they don’t get a licensing deal they like,” said Jessica Litman, a professor at the University of Michigan Law School. “My guess is if I were a movie studio, getting a cut of the money is more profitable than shutting it down. But it’s complicated, very complicated, and it’s only going to get worse.” Google also has a lot resting on how these copyright issues are resolved, because investors are eager to see whether the $1.65 billion it paid for YouTube was well-spent. Chris Maxcy, vice president of business development for YouTube, declined to be interviewed, but he said in an e-mail message that YouTube had successfully worked with studios to market their movies and sought deals with studios to make their content more widely available. “In fact, we’re now in discussions with several studios to create both content partnerships and revenue-sharing opportunities,” he wrote. Much of the content on YouTube, of course, has nothing to do with Hollywood — like the thousands of video blogs created by teenagers with Web cams. But there is enough copyrighted material there to warrant the attention of the studios and many other media companies — everything from the dancing penguins of the new film “Happy Feet” to the black-and-white television clips of the Beatles singing “Help.” No one knows exactly how much Hollywood-derived content is uploaded to the site without the studios’ consent, but academics and media executives estimate it could be anywhere from 30 percent to 70 percent. The studios are happy to have some of their content on YouTube. Marc Shmuger, chairman of Universal Pictures, said that for each new release, Universal’s marketing team sends out a digital “tool kit” to sites like YouTube with studio-approved graphics, clips, sound effects and music videos that can be shared. Because “8 Mile” was released four years ago, its kit may have only included trailers and some clips. “I think that the marketing side of our company and the copyright-protection side have contradictory impulses,” Mr. Shmuger said. “But there is a huge appetite for content, and we are well-advised to recognize that appetite and find constructive ways to feed it.” Mr. Shmuger said the studios need to embrace sites like YouTube because they are the future of movie marketing. “If you want to be involved in the cultural debate, you have to allow consumers to be more actively involved,” he said. “That’s a different world order which we are not used to.” One scene Mr. Shmuger said would most certainly not have been part of the “8 Mile” tool kit — one that shows up in 16 separate videos on YouTube — is the climactic rap battle between Eminem’s character Bunny Rabbit and Papa Doc. But from the perspective of a YouTube user, it is hard to tell which clips are studio-approved and which are not. Some clips from companies like CBS and NBC that have deals with YouTube are fairly easy to identify as authorized material. For the rest, said Pamela Samuelson, co-director of the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology, “what you have is a gap between what people think is O.K. and what is over the line.” Already, several major music companies, including Universal Music Group, once a corporate sibling to Universal Pictures but now owned by Vivendi, have forged agreements with YouTube, which makes its money from advertising, that allows music to be played in videos for a fee. So in an odd twist, Eminem’s songs from “8 Mile” are cleared for use on YouTube, while much of the accompanying video is not. In what could be an indication of the kinds of deals the studios might strike, Universal Music earns the higher of two amounts when its songs are used in a video: a flat fee per clip or a percentage of advertising revenue. “We don’t want to kill this,” said Larry Kenswil, a Universal Music executive. “We see this as a new source of revenue for us.” Where studios and music companies see the most complicated copyright issue is in the posting of mashups — clips that incorporate video and music from various sources that has been “mashed up” to make something new. Most mashups are made by eager fans as a form of artistic expression or a demonstration of their editing skills. “I don’t consider any of this stuff piracy,” said Professor Litman of the University of Michigan. “Folks are taking snippets and making them their own.” One video posted last March, credited to Kusoyaro Productions, includes clips from the 20th Century Fox film “Napoleon Dynamite” that have been cleverly edited to create a new music video for Eminem’s song “Lose Yourself” from “8 Mile.” The two movies’ heroes couldn’t be more different: Napoleon Dynamite is an awkward teenager in rural Idaho who stuffs his pockets with tater tots, while Eminem’s character in “8 Mile” finds refuge from his trailer-park life by rapping in clubs. The video has been watched more than 60,000 times. Ron Wheeler, a senior vice president of content protection at Fox Entertainment Group, said that even though Fox was not being paid for the right to use the “Napoleon Dynamite” clips, the company had not asked that the video be taken down. “We are not in the business of just saying no, but we do consider it unauthorized use,” Mr. Wheeler said. He predicted, though, that the studio would be saying “no” more often in the future. Fox is working on a policy that will address the issue of mashups in a way that those creating them can understand. “We will offer as much freedom as legally able, but at the same time it will be less than some people are doing now,” Mr. Wheeler added. “It won’t be ‘anything goes.’ ” Brian Grazer, a producer of “8 Mile,” said some of the mashups he had seen were “pretty hip.” But he said he, too, viewed them as a form of piracy: “It bothers me artistically. Here’s this thing where you have no control; they are chopping it up and putting your memories in a blender.” Directors may have a tough time accepting the wild world of mashups, particularly those who have been given control over the final cut of their movies. Mr. Grazer said he believed that Curtis Hanson, who directed “8 Mile,” would not be pleased. “Something like this drives an auteur nuts,” he said. Mr. Hanson did not return calls seeking comment. Eminem, through a spokesman, declined to comment. But film, television and music companies are not the only ones in Hollywood seeking to protect their rights as online video spreads. The industry’s guilds, too, are exploring what rights directors, writers, producers and actors will be afforded in the digital era. “This is a thorny issue,” Mr. Wheeler said. The Directors Guild of America is already taking a hard line. The guild’s president, Michael Apted, said in a statement that he and his fellow directors would challenge the unauthorized use of any work. “We will aggressively protect our members’ creative and economic rights,” he said. For an indication of ways that the relationship between studios and YouTube might unfold, many in the industry are pointing to two recent events. Universal Music sued MySpace, the social networking site, for copyright infringement. And when Google closed the YouTube deal it set aside as much as $200 million for potential copyright litigation. YouTube said in September that it would introduce a new mechanism to filter out unauthorized videos and let owners claim their content by the end of the year, but it is still being developed. Mr. Cotton, the NBC Universal lawyer, said that the YouTube removal-request game could continue for only so long. “Sand is running out of the hourglass,” he said. “Companies aren’t prepared to sit by and not let this be addressed.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/15/te...15youtube.html ![]() Another Huge Ratings Success for 'American Idol' AP The parade of awful amateurs on "American Idol" attracted viewers in staggering numbers this week as the series continues to grow in popularity. An estimated 36.9 million people watched the two-hour special on Fox Wednesday night, only slightly down from the 37.3 million who tuned in for Tuesday's two-hour season premiere, according to Nielsen Media Research. They were the two biggest nights of prime-time entertainment on Fox since it came onto the air nearly two decades ago. "We're fortunate it's on our air and we take good care of it and it rewards us with good ratings," said Preston Beckman, Fox's executive vice president for strategic planning. The audience for what host Ryan Seacrest dubbed "the weirdest turnout in history" on Wednesday was 17 percent bigger than the corresponding night a year ago, Nielsen said. To put the numbers into perspective, the most popular show on TV so far this season, ABC's "Desperate Housewives," averages 20.7 million viewers a week _ or a little more than half of what "Idol" delivered upon its return. Wednesday's edition featured hopefuls from Seattle, one of seven cities where auditions were held last summer. And it provided plenty of fodder for cantankerous judge Simon Cowell. "What the bloody hell was that?" judge Simon Cowell said after enduring a unique version of "Unchained Melody," adding, "It was almost non-human." To another woman who insisted a drink of water would smooth her delivery, Cowell replied: "You could lie in a bath with your mouth open and you couldn't sing." The ratings performance of "American Idol" defies traditional television rules, where series in their sixth season would normally see a slip in popularity. But "American Idol" can legitimately claim to mint new pop stars, like Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Clay Aiken and "Golden Globes" winner Jennifer Hudson. Keeping it as a once-a-year event has ratcheted up anticipation, Beckman said. Since the ill-fated "American Juniors" contest after the first season, Fox hasn't tried spinoffs, either. "In some ways it's become like a sporting event," he said. "There's baseball season, basketball season, football season and `American Idol' season." As gleeful as `Idol' makes the people at Fox, it depresses their network rivals. "There's always that hope that the next iteration of `American Idol,' will show some weakness," said Nancy Tellem, president of the CBS Paramount Network, "and clearly it hasn't." Fox's rivals jokingly _ it appears _ refer to "American Idol" as the death star. NBC entertainment president Kevin Reilly said he was ready to declare the television season over on Tuesday, before Fox storms past everyone in the ratings. Reilly said a network has to "rope-a-dope a little bit" to get through the "American Idol" onslaught. CBS has tended to have the most success, where a show like "NCIS" appeals to a different audience. "Our shows hang in there OK," said CBS scheduling chief Kelly Kahl. "The other guys kind of get vaporized." http://www.newstimeslive.com/enter/story.php?id=1028787 ![]() Colbert and O'Reilly Trade Appearances in 'Meeting of the Guts' AP Parody met its inspiration Thursday when Stephen Colbert and Bill O'Reilly traded guest appearances on each other's shows in an exchange that Colbert called "a meeting of the guts." Colbert has molded his tough-talking, America-defending persona as host of the satirical "Colbert Report" largely on the Fox News pundit. On his Comedy Central program, Colbert has often spoken reverently of O'Reilly _ or as he affectionately calls him, "Papa Bear." "The Colbert Report" and "The O'Reilly Factor," the top-rated program in cable news, were taped one after another early Thursday evening, with "The Factor" airing at 8 p.m. EST and "The Report" at 11:30 p.m. EST. Once inside Colbert's studio _ decorated for the occasion with a large "Mission Accomplished" banner and a portrait of O'Reilly placed fireside _ O'Reilly seemed to be regretting the decision. "This was a huge mistake, me coming on here," he muttered. It may have been a greater error allowing Colbert into the Fox News headquarters, located near the "Colbert Report" studios in Manhattan. There, Colbert smuggled a microwave out of the green room, a bounty which he proudly displayed at the conclusion of his show. A spokesman for Fox News confirmed that Colbert stole the microwave, but said it was all in good fun. Appearing in the "No Spin Zone" of "The O'Reilly Factor," Colbert remained in character -- though it wasn't always easy to tell. "Who are you? Are you Colbert or Colbert?" prodded O'Reilly, pronouncing the "T" in one case, leaving it silent in the other (as Colbert does on his program). "Bill, I'm whoever you want me to be," answered the comedian. O'Reilly interviewed Colbert with a generally bemused attitude: "Don't you owe me an enormous amount of money?" he wondered. The interview was followed by a discussion with several analysts on why "The Colbert Report" and its sister fake newscast "The Daily Show" are popular. Colbert had spent the week preparing for the arrival of "Papa Bear," and hyped it Thursday as "the greatest TV crossover since the Flintstones met the Jetsons." For the first time, Colbert began the show's interview segment seated, allowing O'Reilly to enter to applause. Well, mostly applause. O'Reilly blamed a handful of boos on "Daily Show" host Jon Stewart, joking that he was in the audience. Colbert's reception included a montage of clips from both shows, titled "Great Minds Think Alike." He also had O'Reilly read several lines for a new O'Reilly-based character in his "Tek Jansen" cartoon series. O'Reilly also managed one dig of NBC, which he has recently criticized as a liberal-leaning network. When asked what was "destroying America" more _ NBC, activist judges, illegal immigration or gay marriage _ O'Reilly didn't hesitate in answering NBC. But not all of Colbert's expectations were met. When he prompted O'Reilly to say who would win in a fight between him and his Fox News colleague Sean Hannity, O'Reilly demurred _ and nearly upset the delicate balance of parody and reality. "Hannity would kick my butt," said O'Reilly. "I'm effete. I'm not a tough guy. This is all an act." Colbert retorted as though his mirror-image of O'Reilly had been broken: "If you're an act, then what am I?" Once the show was over and O'Reilly had left, Colbert turned to the studio audience as he exited the stage and said, finally out of character: "He seems like a nice enough guy." http://www.newstimeslive.com/enter/story.php?id=1028852 ![]() 'South Park' Ruins Town's South Park AP There are not many fans of Cartman and Kenny on the city's recreation board, which has recommended renaming what has become known as South Park. Having a park with the same name as Comedy Central's popular but often vulgar cartoon show about four elementary-school boys in the Colorado town of South Park has become inappropriate, said Kathy House, the city's director of administration. Story lines of the show regularly revolve around skewering celebrities, politicians and religion, peppered with lots of cussing and defecation jokes. The green space in the southern part of Marysville never had an official name, but people started calling it South Park because of the location, officials said. "We wanted to get away from (the name) South Park," said Deborah Groat, a member of the Parks and Recreation Commission. "Far away from South Park," added fellow parks commissioner Cathy Dwertman. So, the commission voted unanimously Tuesday in favor of a change to Greenwood Park, after a nearby subdivision. The final decision rests with the city council, which meets later this month. http://news.newstimes.com/news/updates.php?id=1028855 ![]() Netflix to Deliver Movies to the PC Miguel Helft Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, lists more than five dozen personalities whose obituaries were published prematurely. Someone may want to add Netflix to that list. The impending death of the company, with its online system for renting DVDs delivered by mail, was predicted late in 2002, when Wal-Mart said it would enter the business; again last year, when Apple and Amazon announced movie-downloading services; and again last week, after the introduction of a series of products and services intended to bring Internet video to television sets. But Wal-Mart left the online rental business in 2005 and now refers customers to Netflix. Meanwhile, none of the movie-downloading services have gained much traction with consumers, the notion of taking Internet video content to TV sets remains a work in progress, and Netflix keeps signing up new customers at a fast clip. It was expected to end 2006 with 6.3 million subscribers and nearly $1 billion in revenue, or about 12 percent of the $8.4 billion annual DVD rental market. “We’ve gotten used to it,” Netflix’s chief executive, Reed Hastings, said of the doomsday predictions. But Mr. Hastings also said he understood why questions about his business kept coming up. “Because DVD is not a hundred-year format, people wonder what will Netflix’s second act be.” On Tuesday, Mr. Hastings will begin to answer that question. Netflix is introducing a service to deliver movies and television shows directly to users’ PCs, not as downloads but as streaming video, which is not retained in computer memory. The service, which is free to Netflix subscribers, is meant to give the company a toehold in the embryonic world of Internet movie distribution. But having a second act to talk about is not likely to end questions about Netflix’s future. Netflix shares dropped 6.3 percent on Friday to $22.71 after a JPMorgan Securities analyst downgraded the stock, citing increased competition. They are down more than 12 percent since Jan. 1. And the company said last year that the service would cost it about $40 million in 2007, an outlook that has not sat well with some investors. “There’s clearly a strong demand for watching movies,” said Brian Pitz, an analyst with Banc of America Securities. “But the company’s earnings are going to be more negatively impacted,” said Mr. Pitz, who has a sell recommendation on Netflix shares. Netflix is also entering a more crowded market that includes not only the likes of Apple and Amazon, but also MovieLink, CinemaNow and video-on-demand services offered by cable companies. And while Netflix’s DVD rental business has thrived in part because of the company’s superior logistics, that competitive edge will not mean much in the world of digital distribution. Still, Mr. Hastings said Netflix has a product that compares well with those of his competitors. He particularly emphasized Netflix’s business model — free to subscribers — and its focus on instant gratification. Last week, Mr. Hastings demonstrated the system at Netflix’s headquarters in Los Gatos, Calif. On a laptop PC, he pulled up a Netflix Web page where some titles displayed a “Play” button in addition to the company’s familiar “Add” button, which adds movies to a subscriber’s queue for mailing. Within a few seconds of hitting the “Play” button, the opening credits of “The World’s Fastest Indian” began rolling. The service uses streaming technology that Netflix built on top of Microsoft software. First-time users of the service must download a special piece of software, which, if all goes well, also takes only a few seconds. (When a reporter tried the system at home, however, the process stalled because of a mismatch between the version of Microsoft’s antipiracy software expected by the Netflix viewer and the one loaded in the PC, and it took about 15 minutes to fix the problem with the help of a customer-support specialist. A Netflix spokesman said the problem was known, but occurred only rarely.) Like most other electronic distribution services, Netflix’s system will work initially only with a limited catalog — about 1,000 movies and television shows, only a tiny fraction of the more than 70,000 titles that Netflix offers for rent. It offers titles from NBC Universal, Sony Pictures, MGM, 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures, Warner Brothers and others. The service, which will be introduced over six months, works only on recent versions of Windows and Internet Explorer. Over time, Mr. Hastings hopes to expand the catalog of titles and make the service available on other hardware and software combinations, including set-top boxes, television screens and portable devices. The bulk of Netflix’s subscribers, who pay $18 a month and are allowed to keep three movies at home at all times, will receive 18 hours of free watching every month. Those with cheaper plans will have fewer free hours and those with premium services will receive more. By comparison, typical movie rentals cost $3 to $4 on Amazon, and $3 to $5 on MovieLink, though special promotions are available. Mr. Hastings said he chose the instant delivery afforded by streaming technology over downloads, which can take a while, because it would encourage subscribers to use the system to browse the catalog and discover new movies. If they do not like a movie, they can stop it and will be charged only for the minutes they actually watched. Yet even as he touts the benefits of his own service, Mr. Hastings does not believe that electronic distribution, be it through downloads or streaming services, is ready for prime time. “The market is microscopic,” Mr. Hastings said. “DVD is going to be a very big market for a very long time.” In the case of online movies, two forces, one technological and one commercial, are keeping the market from developing more quickly. On the technological front, it is still difficult to deliver various Internet video formats to a TV screen. And on the commercial front, movie studios are leery of piracy and, more important, are fearful of cannibalizing their existing distribution businesses. Frances Manfredi, senior vice president for cable distribution at NBC Universal, said her company wanted to provide video content “where consumers want it, when they want it, how they want it.” But, she added, “we really recognize that the traditional distribution businesses of cable and syndication are our primary businesses, certainly with respect to revenue generation.” Ms. Manfredi said the agreement with Netflix, which includes classic TV shows like “Kojak” and “Columbo,” as well as more recent ones like “The Office,” and “Law & Order Special Victims Unit,” and some 350 movies including “The Motorcycle Diaries,” would deliver new revenue without hurting existing businesses. Some analysts believe the hurdles to mass digital distribution will not disappear any time soon. And if Mr. Hastings is right about the staying power of DVDs, his biggest challenge in the short term is likely to come from a business that appeared to be in freefall until recently: Blockbuster. Facing competition from Netflix, and from growing DVD sales at big-box retailers, Blockbuster shares began a steady slide in late 2003, from more than $22 to a low of $3.20 in March last year. In 2005, the company eliminated late fees — an irritant to many customers, and the issue that had prompted Mr. Hastings to found Netflix. The move cost Blockbuster hundreds of millions in revenue. But Blockbuster’s own online rental service, introduced in 2004, has finally taken off. With aggressive promotion of a new service called Total Access, which costs the same as Netflix’s service for three movies, and allows subscribers to exchange movies in stores, Blockbuster has added a staggering 700,000 subscribers since Nov. 1. After the company announced that it ended 2006 with 2.2 million subscribers, Blockbuster shares now stand at $6.43, up from $5.48 at the beginning of the year. “I wouldn’t be surprised to see our online subscribers double by the end of 2007,” John F. Antioco, the chief executive of Blockbuster, said. Mr. Antioco said Blockbuster was planning to offer a digital distribution service later this year. “We have everything that Netflix has, plus the immediate gratification of never having to wait for a movie.” It is unclear whether Blockbuster’s growth has been at the expense of Netflix, though a first glimpse into that may be offered next week, when Netflix reports fourth-quarter earnings. The two companies are fighting not just in the marketplace. Netflix has sued Blockbuster, accusing it of patent infringement, and Blockbuster has countersued Netflix, alleging antitrust violations. Mr. Hastings played down the competition. “We have a lot of room to grow,” he said, adding that he expects Blockbuster’s online business to grow as well. “Our relative execution will determine what the share split is” between Netflix and Blockbuster, he added. In the meantime, he said, Netflix’s digital delivery service represents insurance against technological obsolescence, and against more predictions of Netflix’s demise. “We have seen so many Silicon Valley companies follow a single generation of computing,” Mr. Hastings said. “Investors are rightfully scared of single-model companies.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/16/te...16netflix.html ![]() Atop TV Sets, Basic Black Boxes Face Competition Brad Stone Adam Gillitt does not hate what is on his TV as much as he dislikes what is attached to it. Mr. Gillitt, a graphic designer from Alameda, Calif., is exasperated by his high-definition cable box, made by the technology giant Motorola and leased to him by his local cable provider, Comcast. The $10-a-month device, he says, has a poorly designed electronic program guide and responds slowly, or not at all, to commands from the remote control. “Paying for something this awful hurts,” Mr. Gillitt said. For many Americans, the cable box — still commonly called the set-top box, though it is now too big to balance on top of increasingly thin TVs — may be the most disappointing piece of technology in their homes. As inventions like TiVo and YouTube alter the way people watch and control video, the traditional box has largely failed to keep up. Now that is beginning to change. At the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas last week, makers of set-top boxes exhibited devices with a host of new features: more hard-disk space for storing digitally recorded TV shows, easier-to-navigate program guides, connections to Web sites, DVD burners and video games. The box manufacturers and the cable operators like Comcast, Cox and Time Warner Cable that they sell to, have an age-old motivation for improving their products: fear. New competitors are flooding into the TV business, including the industry’s rivals in the telephone business, and the computer kingpins Microsoft and Apple. Consumers can buy those alternatives at regular retail outlets, including the newest high-definition version of TiVo. It sells for $800 (with a $20 monthly fee) and can replace the box that cable and satellite providers lease to customers, instead of merely sitting on top of it and adding to living room clutter. Cable operators are being forced to play nice with these new entrants. The Federal Communications Commission has set a deadline of July 1 for all cable operators to make their services work with boxes from all third-party manufacturers, and last week it rejected a request from Comcast to extend the deadline. “Set-top boxes are becoming the central piece of equipment in the home for accessing entertainment and information,” said Joshua Goldman, chief executive of Akimbo, a Silicon Valley start-up trying to bring programming to the TV over the Internet. “Consumers will buy their own device if they feel like they are not getting the services they want from their television operators.” For decades, the cable industry did not worry much about introducing new features into their typically black set-top boxes. They faced little competition in their local markets and bought their equipment from one of two companies: General Instruments, which was purchased by Motorola in 2000, and Scientific Atlanta, acquired by Cisco Systems in 2005. Both companies build TV boxes according to the specifications of cable companies, who lease them to customers and then make their money on monthly subscriptions. Because they are essentially giving the boxes away, the industry’s focus, not surprisingly, is on keeping the cost of the equipment low. But now new players are offering more sophisticated alternatives to cable boxes. Over the last two years, 30 million personal computers have been sold with Media Center software from Microsoft, which enhances video viewing on the PC, making it more like a television. The computers come with a remote control and can pause and fast-forward through video. Many of those PCs can now replace set-top boxes, thanks to a federal law passed over a decade ago that requires cable operators to sell credit-card-size devices called CableCards. These cards can plug into a Media Center PC, or other consumer electronics appliances like DVD players, allowing them to receive regular cable channels. Last week, Apple also joined the fray with Apple TV, a slick silver box that connects to the television and displays programs and movies that have been downloaded from iTunes. It goes on sale next month for $299. The message to cable companies and their equipment vendors is clear: if they want to keep up, they must build a better cable box. They appear to be listening. At the Las Vegas show, just as many visitors swarmed around Motorola’s new set-top boxes as its latest mobile phones. The company showed a line of new boxes compatible with high-definition TV, with one-third more hard-disk space than its previous models, like the clumsy device Mr. Gillitt has under his TV. The new boxes are designed to offer greater control over the television. For example, one new feature Motorola is promoting is called “program restart.” If cable customers miss a show by a few minutes and do not record it, they can click a button and get the cable company to retransmit it directly to them, instantly. Time Warner Cable is currently testing the service in San Antonio. Padmasree Warrior, the chief technology officer of Motorola, said consumers now demand more from their televisions, largely thanks to TiVo, which has forced the cable companies to ask suppliers for more innovative set-top boxes. “Enough people are experienced with time-shifting that there’s a demand that the industry dynamics change,” Ms. Warrior said. Across the showroom floor, Scientific Atlanta executives agreed that the old featureless TV tuner was quickly becoming a relic. Among its new boxes, the company showed off one called the MCP-100: a silver set-top box with a digital video recorder and one surprising new feature: a slot for DVDs. In addition to getting live TV, the device can play movies and burn programs and movies onto discs. It is now being tested by cable companies. Scientific Atlanta is also building Internet connections into all its boxes, so consumers can get programming from the Web in addition to the traditional ways, by cable or satellite. “There’s a growing need for high-quality video that goes right to where it’s supposed to, the television, and not to the PC, where only college kids are looking at it,” said Robert C. McIntryre, Scientific Atlanta’s chief technology officer. The cable companies and their equipment vendors must adapt to the Internet age quickly, because soon customers will have more choices than ever. Telephone companies like AT&T and Verizon are investing heavily to bury fiber optic cables in most major cities and roll out their own TV offerings. Because the telephone companies deliver television using Internet standards and typically package it with telephone and Internet service, they say they can offer consumers more choices and control over the viewing experience. AT&T, for example, showed off a set-top box at the Las Vegas show that received four different streams of programming (compared with most new digital cable boxes, which receive only two). That allows a customer to watch a program live while simultaneously recording three others. One new feature that AT&T was showing, called picture-in-picture browsing, or PIP, lets a TV viewer channel surf on a small screen while continuing to watch another program on the rest of the screen. AT&T hopes to have its TV service, called uVerse, accessible to 19 million homes by the end of next year. If it can pull it off, it would position AT&T as a serious rival to cable and satellite television providers. All of these established companies also have to watch out for smaller rivals with their own set-top box innovations. TiVo’s Series3 HD Digital Media Recorder, which went on sale last fall at electronics stores like Best Buy, is CableCard-ready, which means buyers can plug in a card from their local cable operator and use it as a substitute for a cable box. Another technology start-up at the show, Digeo, exhibited its new Moxi service, a set-top box with digital video recorder that it plans to start selling in the latter half of this year. The Moxi also works with a CableCard and comes with smaller optional “Moxi mates,” which buyers can connect to the other TVs in their homes. Those televisions will then have access to the programming received by and recorded on the primary set-top box. Digeo’s chief executive, Mike Fidler, said increased competition was ushering in a renaissance in set-top-box design. “Companies can now come in with innovative products that change the consumer experience and bring a whole new level of enjoyment to television,” Mr. Fidler said. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/17/te.../17settop.html ![]() ISOHunt Offline Update, Jan. 16, 2007 Lawyers from our primary ISP decided to pull our plug without any advance notice, as of 14:45 PST. No doubt related to our lawsuit brought by the MPAA, but we don't have more information at this time until people responsible comes to work tomorrow. We will be back in operation once we sort out this mess with our current ISP, or we get new hardware ready at our new ISP. Sit back and enjoy the rest of the internet in the mean time, while it last. For your torrent searching needs, try Google for now by searching for "SEARCH TERMS ext:torrent". You can also come hang around our IRC channel (SSL on port +7000). We'll update on this page and on IRC when we have more information. If you wish to help us out financially, you can donate via Paypal from the button below. Due to prior dis-taste from certain individuals misusing legal funds for their own purposes however, this is not a legal defense fund. Your donations will be used for the operational costs of our servers and development of our websites. You have our sincere thanks. - The isoHunt crew Update, Jan. 17 FYI, since this is a common topic, no, moving servers to Sweden or Sealand isn't going to help. I have no intention of hiding our servers. BitTorrent was created for legitimate distribution of large media files, and we stand by that philosophy as a search engine and aggregator. Our current ISP is in the US. Our new ISP is in Canada, where this temporary page is being served. Depending on whether we get our servers back in the US, we will be back in full operation sooner or later. Update, Jan. 17, 2007 15:40 GMT - SecretSquirrel So after screwing around with our gigabit switch for a few hours, I've given up on one particular task and I'm moving on, hopefully we'll have our data back today, because if we do, we should be at least halfway back up by friday. If we don't get our data back from our previous provider, it may take a little longer to come back live again, but we are working on it, so be patient. :-) http://www.isohunt.com/ ![]() First Pirated HD DVD Movie Hits BitTorrent Jeremy Reimer The pirates of the world have fired another salvo in their ongoing war with copy protection schemes with the first release of the first full-resolution rip of an HD DVD movie on BitTorrent. The movie, Serenity, was made available as a .EVO file and is playable on most DVD playback software packages such as PowerDVD. The file was encoded in MPEG-4 VC-1 and the resulting file size was a hefty 19.6 GB. This release follows the announcement, less than a month ago, that the copy protection on HD DVD had been bypassed by an anonymous programmer known only as Muslix64. The open-source program to implement this was called BackupHDDVD and was released in a manner designed to put the onus of cracking on the user, not the software. To extract an unencrypted copy of the HD DVD source material required obtaining that disc's volume or title key separately, which the software did not do. However, a key was later released on the Internet, and a method for extracting further keys is allegedly available as well. Now that the genie is out of the lamp, so to speak, what will the reaction be from the content industry? CyberLink, the makers of PowerDVD playback software, have already stated that the title keys were not obtained through their software, although this has yet to be conclusively proven. As for the content providers themselves, they have already said that they reserve the right to invalidate known pirated keys in the future. But to be of any use, they'll first need to determine which software application is responsible for giving up the volume keys. If it is something like PowerDVD, future titles can require that the user upgrade their software in order to play discs—this can be made to happen automatically when new discs are first inserted. Muslix64 and others involved in BackupHDDVD are deliberately not exposing the actual method by which the keys have been obtained. This is partly to protect themselves from legal repercussions, but also to ensure that whatever "hole" that is being exploited remains unpatched. In the ongoing war between the pirates and the content providers, the pirates appear to be winning, but who knows who will get caught in the crossfire? http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070115-8622.html ![]() Net Pirates Beat '24' To The Screen; CBS Supercharges Online Plans Frank Barnako (MarketWatch) submits: So, now we know how the first four episodes of the new "24" season got onto the Net. They came off one of the DVDs that Fox has been shipping to retailers over the past few days. The broadcaster needed time to press the discs and it's likely one "escaped" onto peer-to-peer file sharing sites. While some networks have been streaming TV shows the day after their airing, Fox is not doing that. On the official "24" site, there are behind-the-scenes features and so forth, but no shows. CBS on the other hand, is supercharging its plans for the Web. The network will offer most, if not all, of its Fall '07 schedule on the Web before it hits the air, according to David Poltrack, the network’s research chief. He also told Broadcasting & Cable that 53% of the people who watched previewed shows online last fall are still watching. "You could argue that any number of them would have watched the show anyway, but maybe it would be three or four episodes in with all the clutter in the fall," Poltrack said. Disclaimer: I own shares of CBS. http://media.seekingalpha.com/article/24297 ![]() P2P File Sharing 'Contained' Jon Newton Last summer, "The problem has not been eliminated," stated RIAA boss Mitch Bainwol on file sharing. But it had been "contained". RIAA is short for Recording Industry Association of America and it's one of the many so-called 'trade' outfits run by Warner Music, EMI, Vivendi Universal and Sony BMG, the members of the Big 4 Organized Music cartel, to among other things, spread mis- and disinformation about the non-existent crime of file sharing. The IFPI (International Federation of Phonographic Industry) is another Big 4 unit which exists to do much the same thing, and in a new 'report' it says legal actions against "large-scale P2P uploaders" have, "helped contain piracy, reducing the proportion of internet users frequently file-sharing in key European markets". This is not, of course, true, or anywhere near it. In fact, according to statistics from p2p research firm Big Champagne, up until November, 2006, the average number of people logged onto the p2p networks at any given moment was 6,562,440. It was 6,523,733 for the whole of 2005, 4,603,048 for 2004, and 3,004,873 for 2003, the year the RIAA launched its sue 'em all file sharing campaign in America. Seen from another perspective, far from "containing" fle sharing, the war against it has publicized it hugely, resulting in increasing numbers of people tuning in and logging on. IFPI boss John Kennedy admits that in spite of efforts by his and other units, "the market remains a challenge." The Big 4 just don't get it. They should be reducing their ridiculously over-priced wholesale rates, opening their catalogues, dropping DRM and wooing instead of suing their customers. But instead, they plan to escalate saying they'll now zoom in on ISPs for special attention. The "IFPI is stepping up its campaign for action from ISPs and will take whatever legal steps are necessary," it declares. "Other industries, such as film and newspapers, are struggling with the same problems that we have had to live with," says Kennedy woefully. "As an industry we are enforcing our rights decisively in the fight against piracy and this will continue. However, we should not be doing this job alone. With cooperation from ISPs we could make huge strides in tackling internet piracy globally. "It is very unfortunate that it seems to need pressure from governments or even action in the courts to achieve this, but as an industry we are determined to see this campaign through to the end." That's it, guys. Keep stomping your customers, and also go after the people who keep them online. That'll do the trick. http://p2pnet.net/story/11035 ![]() Music Industry Threatens ISPs Over Piracy Nic Fildes The music industry opened up a new front in the war on online music piracy yesterday, threatening to sue internet service providers that allow customers to illegally share copyrighted tracks over their networks. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, or IFPI, said it would take action against internet companies that carry vast amounts of illegally shared files over their networks. It stressed that it would prefer not to pursue such a strategy and is keen to work in partnership with internet providers. John Kennedy, the chairman of the IFPI, said he had been frustrated by internet companies that have not acted against customers involved in illegal activity. He warned that litigation against ISPs would be instigated "in weeks rather than months". Barney Wragg, the head of EMI's digital music division, said the industry had been left "with no other option" but to pursue ISPs in the courts. The IFPI wants ISPs to disconnect users who refuse to stop exchanging music files illegally. Mr Kennedy said such activity is in breach of a customer's contract with the ISP and disconnecting offenders the IFPI had identified would significantly reduce illegal file sharing. Mr Kennedy said talks with internet companies have been ongoing over the past year, but no action has been taken. "I realised I was being filibustered ... if they still want to filibuster, their time will run out," he said. The IFPI took legal action against 10,000 individuals in 18 countries during 2006. It won a spate of significant legal victories against peer-to-peer platforms such as Kazaa that was forced to pay a $115m (£58m) settlement. A spokesman for the Internet Service Providers Association said ISPs are "mere conduits of information" that can not be held liable for offences committed by customers. "ISPs cannot inspect every packet of data transmitted over their networks," he said. Geoff Taylor, the executive vice-president and general counsel of IFPI, said that ISPs are in the best position to stop copyright infringements. "While it might be possible to argue that an ISP is exempt from liability for damages, that does not mean rights holders can't obtain an injunction to stop infringements of their copyright," he said. A spokeswoman for Tiscali, a UK ISP, said the onus is on the IFPI to prove that the user is engaged in illegal activity and that the music organisation should share the cost of resolving disputes. Last year, due to a lack of evidence, Tiscali refused to close the accounts or hand over the details of 17 customers who the British Phonographic Industry claimed were involved in illegal file sharing. During 2006, global digital music sales doubled to about $2bn on the back of an 89 per cent surge in music downloads to 795 million. The success of the digital music market has been underlined by bands like Koopa which is expected to score a Top-40 hit this week despite having no record label or any physical copies of their CD on sale. http://news.independent.co.uk/busine...cle2162919.ece ![]() ISPs Hit Back at Music Industry Internet service providers struck out at the record industry on Friday, following claims that the online companies were failing to prevent music piracy. John Kennedy, chairman and chief executive of the IFPI, which represents record groups worldwide, earlier this week said that the organisation could sue ISPs if they continued to allow music pirates to use their networks and accused them of "filibustering". "(Filibustering) is far from the truth," said Michael Bartholomew, director general of the European Telecommunications Network Operators' Association. He added: "Taking legal action against us would be very inappropriate". He said that ISPs could only move to cut users off based on a court order, and that the data protection legislation prevented the online companies from trying to prevent copyright infringement. Tiscali, an internet service provider said that the music industry needed to take more time to develop with ISPs an approach that was practical and legally sound. It said: "Dealing with cases is time-consuming for ISPs, so we need a reasonable level of proof before taking action. It is a complex international issue and targeting the 'industrial scale' offenders will help to raise awareness amongst individuals that downloading from unauthorised sources is wrong." "ISPs derive virtually no revenue from legal music and certainly none from The IFPI said it had been asking ISPs to cut off illegal music uploaders for more than a year. In Denmark last year the Supreme Court ruled that ISPs were obliged to terminate the connections of customers engaged in music piracy. A report in the UK commissioned by the Treasury last year said that internet companies that fail to stop music piracy on sites they host could face a legislative clampdown. The Gowers report said internet service providers and music companies needed to show they could sort out the problem on a voluntary basis by the end of 2007 or face the prospect of legislation. http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/pro...119&ID=6360205 ![]() GEMA Obtains Injunctions Against Data Exchange Services Robert W. Smith The German collecting society GEMA has obtained from the District Court in Cologne temporary injunctions against the operator of the data exchange services www.rapidshare.de and www.rapidshare.com. The latter is said to have used copyright protected works of GEMA members in an unlawful fashion. The services make virtual storage space available into which users can upload content that is thereby made publicly available to other users. GEMA spokesman Hans-Herwig Geyer told heise online that the services should not be allowed to continue to operate in their present form. The collecting society is now demanding that the operator provide details on how many copyright protected works of GEMA members are currently stored on the said sites. According to GEMA, the service www.rapidshare.de in particular has at times boasted of making some 15 million files available to its users. The operator had however failed to obtain from GEMA a license for making copyright protected files available, the collecting society spokesman observed. To date RapidShare had claimed not to have any knowledge of the content uploaded by the users and of not being in a position to control the same, the spokesman continued. Through its injunctions the District Court in Cologne had now however made it clear to the company that the fact that it was the users and not the operator of the services that uploaded the content onto the sites did not, from a legal point of view, lessen the operator’s liability for copyright infringements that occurred within the context of the services, the spokesman added. Harald Heker, the chairman of the executive board of GEMA, believes the court's decisions will have repercussions on the way "Web 2.0 services" such as YouTube and MySpace will be treated in future. What the decisions according to Mr. Heker show is that "the mere circumstance of shifting acts of use to users and the purported inability of the operator to control content do not relieve the operator of a service from the copyright liability he/she/it possesses for the content made available for download from the operator's website(s)." http://www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/83948 ![]() Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Arrives on Mobile Devices Ben Gross Many high-end mobile phones include substantial computational power, multiple options for network connectivity, good displays, and modern operating systems. Effectively, a modern smartphone is roughly equivalent to a seven- to eight-year-old desktop computer. Consequently, applications such as peer-to-peer file sharing applications that previously only targeted desktops are migrating to mobile platforms. As mobile devices gain improved data connectivity from mobile carriers, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, they can become first-class nodes on the Internet with full IP connectivity. Examples include recent implementations of the BitTorrent and Gnutella file sharing protocols for the Symbian platform, called SymTorrent and Symella. In addition, there is a Windows Mobile implementation of BitTorrent that, not surprisingly, is called WinMobile Torrent. However, more interestingly, there is WinMobile Fusion, which is a combined RSS aggregator and BitTorrent client. All applications are capable of downloading multiple files from multiple peers simultaneously. There are many potential network efficiencies from peer-to-peer file sharing applications, especially if connections can be optimized to prefer the local network or the carrier's network rather than the Internet at large. For example, mobile devices could use peer-to-peer networks to efficiently receive audio, video, applications, or firmware upgrades. The WinMobile Fusion client provides a real-world example of the efficiencies. Large numbers of clients retrieving RSS enclosures can strain servers. BitTorrent RSS aggregators help to spread the bandwidth load to other clients. Both SymTorrent and Symella were developed by teams from the Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. The applications are currently available for mobile devices capable of running second and third editions of the Symbian S60 platform and are open source licensed under the GNU General Public License. WinMobile Torrent and WinMobile Fusion are commercial applications from Adisasta Software and are available on the Windows Mobile Pocket PC 2003/2003 SE and Windows Mobile 5 platforms. Users are advised to be certain that they have an unlimited mobile data plan or use a Wi-Fi connection before attempting to use either of these applications. Users should also be aware that continuous network traffic, be it cellular data or Wi-Fi, could be a substantial battery drain. http://blog.ferris.com/2007/01/peertopeer_file.html ![]() Tubes: Simpler File Sharing Rafe Needleman Tubes, a new app going public Tuesday, is a peer-to-peer file-sharing and -synchronization system that can make it very easy to distribute files among multiple users and computers. It's the application I've been looking for to solve this real-world problem: Every other year, my wife's family gets together for Christmas. This past December, her four siblings and their families gathered in her parents' house in Baltimore (the family doesn't believe in hotels, so it was cozy). There were eight digital cameras in operation. After the holidays, we all scattered back home, and the great photo archive of our time in Baltimore fragmented. With the Tubes app installed on all our computers, we could simply all drag our photos into our shared Baltimore Christmas folder, and we'd all have access to all of them. I tried it, and it works as advertised. Once set up, you can create as many "tubes" as you want and share them among your own PCs or with friends, family, and so on. Any files you drop into given tubes are replicated to the other machines. People you invite can be given read/write access or just be set up as readers. Those who have write access can add and change files, and those changes will be synced back to all subscribers. The Tubes synchronization engine works in the background when a PC is online. When a PC is offline, its users still have access to all the files in its tubes and can continue to work with files in them and make changes. When they go back online, the files are synced again. If there are conflicts, Tubes copies all versions of a file. In addition to my test case of sharing group photos, Tubes could also be very useful for geographically distributed workgroups and as a repository for files created by consultants for their customers. It's cool because it works. It's easy to use. It appears quite robust. The replication engine means that when subscribers want to open a file, they don't have to download it--it's presumably already copied on to their machine. And Tubes even makes a cute pneumatic tube sound when you drop a file in it. But there are snags. For one, it's Windows only, which is a real bummer if anyone you know is on a Mac or Linux box (this makes Tubes a nonstarter in my test case, since two people in my wife's family are Mac heads). And while the app itself is smallish, it requires the latest .Net framework, which is so much of a beast to install that I could not in good conscience point my less PC-savvy friends to the application. Also, Tubes makes copies of all the files you drop in it, so if you're going to put a bunch of photos in a tube, you'll need to remember that the versions in your My Pictures folders are not the ones in the tube. This is a good security measure and good for communal work spaces, but it might be confusing for some users. (To share folders directly, you can use FolderShare or BeInSync.) Finally, there's no chat associated with a tube, which seems to be a missing feature. It'd be nice if people could leave notes in a tube when they made file additions or changes. Once there's a Mac version, Tubes could become a powerful collaboration and sharing platform. There are also other shared and online storage products worth looking at if Tubes sounds interesting to you: see BoxCloud, Box.net, Omnidrive, Pando, and Sharpcast. http://www.webware.com/8301-1_109-96...d&subj=Webware ![]() Study: Digital Music Consumers Are More Involved Music Fans FMQB A new study from the Digital Media Association (DiMA) finds that digital music consumers are more involved and passionate music fans. The organization surveyed over 1000 consumers, finding that 60 percent are listening to more music since they began using an online music service, including Internet radio and digital music download services. The majority of those surveyed found that listening to music online has allowed them to discover new artists and try out more music than before. Over 60 percent said they have discovered "some new artists," with 25 percent saying they found "a lot of new artists." Additionally, over 35 percent said they now talk about music more than before, and more than 75 percent have recommended an online service to someone else. Also 15 percent of online music fans say they are now attending more concerts. "These findings demonstrate that real music fans – and today’s music tastemakers – are online,” said DiMA Executive Director Jonathan Potter. “This makes the 2006 holiday sales jump in music devices and sound recordings exponentially more important to artists, songwriters, producers and music publishers, as online music’s impact extends way beyond immediate revenues. Consumers of innovative online music services are reviving the music economy as they enjoy more music and more new music in every way possible, and most importantly, as they introduce their friends to the music and online services they enjoy.” DiMA also found that roughly half of digital music fans spend over $200 each year on music, with 30 percent spending over $300. "Prior to the digital age, someone who purchased six CDs per year – valued at just over $100 – was considered a significant music consumer,” said Potter. “Online music consumers’ spending habits, combined with what they are doing to promote and expand music enjoyment, is great for the entire music industry – artists, songwriters and producers." The full study can be found at digmedia.org. http://www.fmqb.com/article.asp?id=328662 ![]() Baidu.com and EMI Launch Online Music Venture AP Chinese search engine Baidu.com and EMI Music launched an Internet venture Tuesday that will let users listen to streaming music free, adding to Baidu's growing entertainment business. The venture will make EMI Group PLC's Chinese pop music by performers from China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and elsewhere available on Baidu's website, the companies said. They said they would look into the possibility of offering free music downloads. Baidu.com Inc., which has more than 60 per cent of China's online search market, has been expanding entertainment offerings in an effort to stay competitive in an industry where other Chinese websites combine search with entertainment and games, financial analysts say. In October, Baidu launched a venture with Viacom Inc.'s MTV Networks to distribute music videos and other programming online. China has the world's second-biggest population of Internet users after the United States, with 132 million people online at the end of last year, and 30 per cent increase over 2005, according to the government. China trails the United States, Japan, South Korea and other markets in financial terms, but Internet companies are competing aggressively for access to its increasingly affluent consumers. The new Baidu-EMI service will offer performers such as Taiwan's Jolin Tsai, David Tao and Richie Ren; Singapore's Stephanie Sun; and Hong Kong's Sandy Lam. “While consumers listen to the music for free they will be exposed to Internet advertising, and EMI and Baidu will share the revenue generated by the advertising,” the companies said in a joint statement. The companies said the venture also might help to reduce China's rampant music piracy by creating a legitimate alternative to Web sites that offer unlicensed music downloads for free. EMI's music labels include Angel, Astralwerks, Blue Note, Capitol, Capitol Nashville and Virgin. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servl...116.wbaidu0116 ![]() Portable Solar Power To get power for larger devices, like laptops or video cameras, you need bigger portable power products. Brunton, a company that specializes in outdoor gear, has a foldable, thin-film solar panel. The Solaris 26, priced at $399, has a maximum output of 26 watts. It can fold up to be 11 inches by 8.5 inches by 1 inch. http://news.com.com/2300-11395_3-614...tag=ne.gall.pg ![]() Variation on Vampire Lore That Won’t Die Lewis Beale FROM the outside Robert Neville’s red brick home looks like all the other stately Greek revival town houses facing Washington Square Park. But the interior, actually a set inside a Brooklyn armory, is something else entirely. The kitchen is stacked top to bottom with what seems like several years’ worth of canned goods and packaged food, and all the windows have floor-to-ceiling retractable steel doors that can be locked down at a moment’s notice. Robert Neville, after all, thinks he is the last man alive in a time when a biological plague has created a race of night-crawling human freaks who would like nothing better than to penetrate his sanctuary. As played by Will Smith, he is also one of the few noninfected characters in “I Am Legend,” a Warner Brothers production that has been shooting in New York for release in December. Directed by Francis Lawrence (“Constantine”) and co-written and co-produced by Akiva Goldsman (an Oscar winner for “A Beautiful Mind”), “I Am Legend” is testimony to the unexpected durability of Richard Matheson’s novel of the same name. It is the third film based on a book whose original impulse was to one-up the screen vampires of an earlier era. First published in 1953, the novel is a taut, realistic chiller about a postapocalyptic world in which germ warfare creates a biological plague that turns humans into bloodsuckers. The idea was born, said Mr. Matheson, now 80 and living in the Los Angeles area, “when I was a teenager and saw Bela Lugosi in ‘Dracula.’ ” “I thought if the world was full of vampires, it would be more frightening than just one,” he continued. “And I explained vampires in biological terms.” “I Am Legend” was almost immediately optioned for the movies (Hammer Films in Britain originally owned the rights), but it wasn’t until 1964 that Vincent Price appeared in “The Last Man on Earth,” a low-budget version shot in Italy. Then, in 1971, Warner released “The Omega Man,” a more expensive studio production, starring Charlton Heston, that made extensive use of Los Angeles’s deserted-looking downtown. Both versions took certain liberties with Mr. Matheson’s original concept, largely sidestepping its startlingly prescient, and philosophical, ending: In the book, some vampires have developed a pill that keeps the disease in check and allows them to live relatively normal lives. This element now plays as an AIDS metaphor, though the book was written 30 years before H.I.V. was even identified. It is this idea of pandemic, along with the concepts of vampirism and the effects of solitude on the human psyche, that have kept Mr. Matheson’s slim novel both contemporary and of interest to filmmakers. But the current version of “I Am Legend” nonetheless had a long road to the screen. Warner Brothers has owned the rights to the book since 1970, and first decided to revive the project in 1994. “I Am Legend” was close to a start date in 1997, with Ridley Scott directing Arnold Schwarzenegger, but the studio pulled the plug when the budget climbed over $100 million, a huge sum at the time. (Studio executives declined to reveal the budget for the current version.) Then, in 2002, Michael Bay and Will Smith were set to hook up, but that pairing also fell through. “There have been issues with the budget, script issues between director and actors, directors and the studio, even issues with what the creatures should look like,” said Mr. Lawrence, the director. About two years ago Warner was about to drop the project for good when the studio’s president for production, Jeff Robinov, asked Mr. Smith if he would be willing to pair up with Mr. Goldsman to develop a new take on the material. Mr. Goldsman was one of the credited writers on “I, Robot,” which starred Mr. Smith. And he admired Mr. Lawrence for his work on “Constantine,” the 2005 fantasy-horror film. Mr. Robinov says it is “the notion of isolation” that makes “I Am Legend” perennially attractive. “For an actor it involves a lot of character, the idea of being the last survivor,” he said. “And for a director it’s the story, the ability to create a different version of society, of where the world is at that point.” Mr. Lawrence agreed. “I’ve always been fascinated by man’s isolation in an urban environment,” he said. “How someone survives when they’re by themselves for so long. Physically survives, mentally and emotionally survives with complete social deprivation.” This time out the story is set in 2009, three years after something called the KV virus, developed in a laboratory but mutated out of control, has created a planet of bloodthirsty but still recognizably human freaks. Mr. Smith’s Neville, a former military scientist, has not been infected and is trying to find a cure for the pandemic. Manhattan had been quarantined back in 2006, and as far as Neville knows he is the only human left on the island, if not the world. The story’s location was moved from California (the book is set in Compton) to New York. In addition to the interiors of Neville’s house, which were erected at the 66,000-square-foot Marcy Avenue Armory in Williamsburg, the production has shot in TriBeCa and on the aircraft carrier Intrepid. The filmmakers have also rented the 152,000-square-foot Kingsbridge Armory in the Bronx, which they are using for a large special-effects-driven action sequence to be staged next month. And in a particularly brazen piece of logistics, the production company cleared the area around St. Patrick’s Cathedral for a ghostly New York-without-humans sequence. “It’s hard to make Los Angeles feel empty,” Mr. Goldsman said. “Here, you just have to look down Fifth Avenue empty, and you understand something. There’s a conveyance of information and fantasy that is wonderful and amazing.” This version of the story also updates it to reflect current concerns. While the Heston film had a subtext with its roots in the early days of the environmental movement, the current film moves back toward Mr. Matheson’s concept of a viral apocalypse. “There is a little bit of an AIDS metaphor here, especially in terms of dealing with the infected, because the people Neville deals with are infected,” said Mr. Lawrence. “They’re not dead, they’re not vampires, they have a chronic disease.” For Mr. Goldsman, Mr. Matheson’s seeming ability to foretell an epidemic reflects the magic of sophisticated fantasy. “People infected with AIDS have been on the forefront of understanding the truths about how viruses work, contagion works, stigma works, which is something I think Matheson was finding in that early novel,” he said. “He is like H. G. Wells and William Gibson, people who do a little leapfrogging imaginatively. And you wait around long enough, and suddenly you’re in one of their books.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/14/movies/14beal.html ![]() Hollywood Rethinks Its Ratings Process David M. Halbfinger Stung by a low-budget documentary that assailed the movie ratings system last year, motion picture industry officials are vowing to make the system more transparent to filmmakers and more accessible to parents. The most substantive rule change will let aggrieved filmmakers refer on appeal to other movies — for example, to argue that because another film was permitted to run a similar scene, their film should be permitted to as well. Until now, directors were barred from citing other films when appearing before the appeals board. But ratings officials decline to say that they will cede to precedent; the “context of the entire film” will still guide their decisions. Officials of the Motion Picture Association of America, its Classification and Ratings Administration and the National Association of Theater Owners plan to meet with filmmakers and producers Monday in Park City, Utah, at the Sundance Film Festival to discuss other tweaks to the ratings system, a spokeswoman for the motion picture association said. The efforts to change the system were reported yesterday in Variety and The Hollywood Reporter. Dan Glickman, chairman and chief executive of the motion picture association and overseer of the ratings administration, said that this round of changes wasn’t likely to be the last and that filmmakers were welcome to suggest others. (The previous procedures were set up by his predecessor, Jack Valenti, in the 1960s,) “My view is that we have a continuing obligation to listen,” he said. “Nothing is locked in forever.” The changes come a year after a Sundance film, “This Film Is Not Yet Rated,” excoriated the rating system as a supersecret star chamber. The film outed the otherwise anonymous ratings-board members and revealed that several were no longer parents of minor children, the only requirement for the job. The documentary, which was directed by Kirby Dick and released by IFC Films in September, also disclosed the closely held names of the ratings system’s appeals-board members and revealed that lay representatives from the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant National Council of Churches sit in on the appeals process. The association now says it will remove a film rater whose children have grown up. It will also post to a soon-to-be-revamped Web site the names of its three senior movie raters — whose names are already public — and limited demographic information about the others. But the identities of other board members will remain secret, and the appeals-board members still won’t be identified publicly, though the board will be expanded to include film industry people from outside the association and the theater owners’ group. In addition, “observers from different backgrounds” will be admitted into the appeals process under an “occasional designation,” the association said, but it didn’t say if the Roman Catholic and Protestant observers would be grandfathered in. Mr. Glickman said that he had seen Mr. Dick’s documentary but that he had begun work on updating the system much earlier, shortly after taking his job in late 2004. Still, he said, “if there’s any perceptions that the system is secret, I don’t want those out there.” He said he and the ratings board’s chairwoman, Joan Graves, would be reaching out more frequently to film schools, parents’ groups and members of Congress to demystify the process. The new Web site will also include the ratings system’s rules, which until now were provided only in writing and on request, a spokeswoman said. The association also said the ratings administration would work on clarifying how its ratings are defined so that, while adults would still be allowed to take children to R-rated movies, they would be made aware that many of those films were not appropriate for younger viewers. The ratings administration last year began a program to send weekly e-mail alerts to parents about ratings for new movie releases, but its Red Carpet Ratings Service has signed up only about 2,000 people. Plans now call for advertising in theaters, schools and video stores, and on the radio, to explain the ratings, and for posters and a video to promote the e-mail alerts. Mr. Dick, the documentary maker, said he welcomed the rule change allowing reference to other films on appeal but called the other changes cosmetic and said transparency was still a ways off. “If this is a ratings system for the public, it should be public, the entire process, and all the raters should be known to the public,” he said. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/18/movies/18rati.html ![]() Sundance Cracks Down on Ticket Reselling Desperate for tickets to see your favorite stars at their Sundance Film Festival premiere? EBay may be the answer — or not. Sundance officials say they are scanning the online auction site and cracking down on ticket sales. Reselling tickets online is prohibited. The festival gives locals a shot at purchasing tickets before they go on sale nationally. More than 2,460 Utah residents were selected at random for a chance to buy up to 20 tickets each at the locals-only sale last weekend. Two tickets to the first screening of "Waitress," staring Keri Russell, sold for $385 on Saturday afternoon. About half an hour later, a second pair of "Waitress" tickets went for $255. Sundance officials warn that tickets resold online can be remotely deactivated before the film's showing. "We've contacted those sellers and informed them of our policy and what actions we are taking," said Patrick Hubley, festival spokesman. "I wouldn't advise people to buy tickets off of eBay or any other site," except for the official Sundance site, he said. It appeared some of the 293 entries under a search for "Sundance tickets" on Saturday were trying to get around the prohibition. Several sellers were giving away "free" tickets with the "purchase" of festival venue instructions or a film guide, which are given to ticket holders. Several venue instructions and film guides were selling for around $80 Saturday afternoon. A film guide with two "free" tickets to "Waitress" was going for $227 in an auction ending Sunday afternoon. The Sundance Film Festival begins Thursday and runs through Jan. 28, with film screenings in Park City, Ogden, Sundance and Salt Lake City. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070114/.../sundance_ebay ![]() Macworld Crack Offers VIP Passes, Hacker Says Joris Evers Alongside the VIPs and people who paid top dollar, a hacker claims he also got priority access to Steve Jobs' speech at the Macworld Conference and Expo this week. A security weakness in the event's Web site allowed enterprising hackers to get free "platinum passes" to the event, a $1,695 value, a security professional claims. These passes--the most expensive sold for Macworld--included much-coveted priority seating for the Jobs keynote address on Tuesday. In that packed speech, Jobs unveiled Apple's new iPhone. The hack was possible because special discount codes were available on the Macworld site without proper security, Kurt Grutzmacher, a Berkeley, Calif.-based security professional, wrote on his blog late Thursday. It was relatively easy to uncover the code that would make a platinum pass free, he wrote. Grutzmacher picked up his free "Platinum Pass" on Monday and reported the issue to IDG on Tuesday, he wrote. IDG World Expo runs Macworld, which closes Friday. "They'd spent most of the day looking back over their logs and found that others also had found this vulnerability and used it but I was the only one to report it," Grutzmacher wrote. Macworld organizer IDG World Expo won't confirm or deny that the hack happened. Spokeswoman Charlotte McCormack on Friday said the company simply had "no comment." A representative for Registration Control Systems, the company that handled registrations for the event, referred all questions to IDG. The claimed Macworld hack is an excellent example of security issues with Web 2.0 applications, Billy Hoffman, a researcher at Web security specialist SPI Dynamics, said in an e-mail interview Friday. IDG tried to make their Web site more responsive by doing some of their validation on the PC of the user registering for the event, Hoffman said. They did this by pushing some JavaScript code to the browser. By doing that they leaked how the priority code is verified and used by the Web site, he said. "I visited the IDG registration page today (Friday), and the priority codes are still in the JavaScript, available for anyone to steal," he said. "By trying to enrich the user's experience, the programmers exposed all of their discount offers in JavaScript, allowing an attacker to discovery them and perform fraud for thousands of dollars." What Grutzmacher did isn't something that any layperson could do. When registering for the event, he discovered that the Macworld online registration page actually contained a list of possible discount codes, called "Priority Codes," he wrote. This list was not in plain text, though. It was encrypted and showed a number of MD5 hashes, Grutzmacher wrote. The protection was easy to crack, however, because the Web site gave several key pieces of information that enabled a crack. In less than 10 seconds, he had the code that gave him a free platinum pass, he wrote. "Ultimately, you don't want to give the client everything they need to gain access to something they shouldn't. Validate on the server rather than the client and keep the keys secret," Grutzmacher wrote. "Of course, you also shouldn't use a very easy key that will provide discounted access." http://news.com.com/Macworld+crack+o...3-6149994.html ![]() TJ Maxx, Marshalls Corporate Computers Hacked AP TJX Cos., operator of T.J. Maxx and Marshalls discount stores, said Wednesday its computer systems were hacked late last year and customer data has been stolen. The company said the full extent of the intrusion is not yet known, but it is conducting a full investigation. The hackers broke into a system that handles credit and debit card transactions, as well as checks and merchandise returns for customers in the U.S., Puerto Rico, and may also involve customers of T.J. Maxx stores in the U.K. and Ireland. The break-in was discovered in mid-December, but was kept confidential upon the request of law enforcement officials. TJX said it has hired General Dynamics Corp. and IBM Corp. to upgrade its security system. http://news.newstimes.com/news/updates.php?id=1028770 ![]() Persistent Zombie Attacks Target Symantec Corporate Software Joris Evers Symantec first dismissed the threat, but worm attacks that exploit a known security hole in the company's corporate antivirus tool are proving to be persistent. The attacks target computers running older versions of Symantec Client Security and Symantec AntiVirus Corporate Edition. Compromised systems are turned into remotely controlled zombies by the attacker and used to relay spam and other nefarious activities. Symantec's Norton consumer software is not affected. "What we have been seeing in December and in the last week and a half is related to new variants of Spybot," Vincent Weafer, senior director of Symantec Security Response, said Tuesday. "We had a couple of versions of Spybot that went nowhere, but these ones found a way to propagate more effectively." The Spybot variants break into computers through a known security hole in the widely used Symantec antivirus tools. When installed on a PC, Spybot opens a back door in the system and connects to an Internet Relay Chat server to let the remote attacker control the compromised computer. Spybot first surfaced in 2003 and has spawned many offshoots. The first version of Spybot to exploit the Symantec security hole surfaced in November. This was followed in December by another pest dubbed Sagevo, or Big Yellow. Symantec initially dismissed both threats, stating that their impact was minimal. While Sagevo fizzled, Spybot is causing harm, Weafer said. "We're definitely seeing Spybot out there and seeing that it is being trapped in customer environments," he said. The attacks have been escalating since December 20, when Symantec and its customers first saw increased activity on TCP port 2967, the network port used by the vulnerable software. A fix for the flaw has been available since May 25, but it appears not all users have applied the fix. Unlike Symantec's consumer products, the corporate antivirus software doesn't include automatic product updates. "Customers have to go to the support site and download the update," Weafer said. The security fix is different from the regular definition updates, which are automatically delivered to both consumer and corporate virus shields, he said. Symantec is re-evaluating the update mechanism for its corporate tools, Weafer said. Additionally, the company on Wednesday plans to push out an update to its antivirus scanning engine that is designed to better detect Spybot, he said. The engine update will go out automatically to all users, he added. http://news.com.com/Persistent+zombi...3-6150560.html ![]() Swedish Bank Hit By 'Biggest Ever' Online Heist Swedish police suspect Russian organised criminals to be behind a heist that has cost Nordea up to £580,000 Swedish bank Nordea has told ZDNet UK that it has been stung for between seven and eight million Swedish krona — up to £580,000 — in what security company McAfee is describing as the "biggest ever" online bank heist. Over the last 15 months, Nordea customers have been targeted by emails containing a tailormade Trojan, said the bank. Nordea believes that 250 customers have been affected by the fraud, after falling victim to phishing emails containing the Trojan. According to McAfee, Swedish police believe Russian organised criminals are behind the attacks. Currently, 121 people are suspected of being involved. The attack started by a tailormade Trojan sent in the name of the bank to some of its clients, according to McAfee. The sender encouraged clients to download a "spam fighting" application. Users who downloaded the attached file, called raking.zip or raking.exe, were infected by the Trojan, which some security companies call haxdoor.ki. Haxdoor typically installs keyloggers to record keystrokes, and hides itself using a rootkit. The payload of the .ki variant of the Trojan was activated when users attempted to log in to the Nordea online banking site. According to the bank, users were redirected to a false home page, where they entered important log-in information, including log-in numbers. After the users entered the information an error message appeared, informed them that the site was experiencing technical difficulties. Criminals then used the harvested customer details on the real Nordea website to take money from customer accounts. According to McAfee, Swedish police have established that the log-in information was sent to servers in the US, and then to Russia. Police believe the heist to be the work of organised criminals. Nordea spokesman for Sweden, Boo Ehlin, said that most of the home users affected had not been running antivirus on their computers. The bank has borne the brunt of the attacks, and has refunded all the affected customers. Ehlin blamed successful social engineering for the heist, rather than any deficiencies in Nordea security procedures. "It is more of an information rather than a security problem," said Ehlin. "Codes are a very important thing. Our customers have been cheated into giving out the keys to our security, which they gave in good faith." In an effort to combat fraud, most banks have a policy of monitoring the behaviour of people claiming to be their customers, so that unusual transaction behaviour can be investigated and halted if fraudulent. Nordea was aware that some of the attempted transactions were false because of the large sums involved. However, over 15 months a large series of small transactions enabled the criminals to successfully transfer a huge sum overall. "In some cases we saw the transactions were false, and in some cases we didn't," said Ehlin. "We can't look at every transfer, and it looked like our customers had made the transfer. Most of the cases were small amounts that we thought were ordinary. We lost approximately seven to eight million krona." Nordea has two million internet banking customers in Sweden. The police investigation is underway, and the bank is currently reviewing its security procedures. The Metropolitan Police warned in October last year that thousands of UK users had been affected by a variant of the Haxdoor Trojan. http://news.zdnet.co.uk/security/0,1...9285547,00.htm ![]() First Fruits of New e-Voting Certification Process: Two Companies Get Thumbs-Up From Federal Testers Nate Anderson How do Americans know that electronic voting machines are reliable? They have to trust the word of the private testing laboratories that examine the machines. But how do people know that the testing laboratories themselves are reliable? That's where the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) comes in. As part of the 2002 Help America Vote Act, the NIST is charged with providing technical guidance to the Election Assistance Commission as the EAC certifies testing laboratories. Yesterday, the NIST recommended that SysTest Labs and iBeta Quality Assurance receive the first full accreditations from the EAC. Six labs have currently applied for accreditation: SysTest, iBeta, InfoGuard, BKP Security, Wyle, and Ciber. Last summer, the EAC granted interim accreditation to Wyle and SysTest, though it found some documentation problems at Ciber and refused to give the company the green light. Now that the NIST process is firmly in place, interim accreditation will be replaced by a full accreditation process that takes 9 to 18 months to complete. NIST bases its program on ISO/IEC 17025, a set of "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." Because there are currently no standard tests for evaluating voting machines, each laboratory has created its own testing suite. NIST accreditation is designed to ensure that the testing process at each lab can produce precise data with repeatable results, not that the tests themselves are well-designed. Recognizing that this is a weakness, NIST will start development work this year on a standard series of tasks that all laboratories will eventually be encouraged to adopt. There is no word on when the new tests will be ready. The government does require seven basic areas to be tested. Voting machines first need to be evaluated to make sure they conform to federal design standards, and then they are run through a physical configuration audit in which the lab makes sure that the machine actually matches the documentation. The third part of the test is a source code review, followed by a functional configuration audit that tries to determine if every function mentioned in the manual actually exists and works. A system integration test, reliability and accuracy tests, and security testing round out the requirements. Now that the EAC has received the first two NIST recommendations, it still needs to act on them for the accreditation to become official. The EAC also issued a letter last week asking both voting machine manufacturers and testing labs to refrain from political activity. Saying that the companies involved had a "significant responsibility as the public places its trust in these organizations," the EAC asked labs and manufacturers to "adopt policies that prohibit the organization and its employees from engaging in act of these that may create the appearance of a conflict of interest or partisan bias." http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070119-8663.html ![]() JS Item of Note The Mystery of "Authorization" Sloppy “The only legal way around this built-in [iTunes DRM] limitation is to strip out the copy protection by burning a CD with the tracks, then uploading the music back to the computer. If you're willing to go to that trouble, you can play the music where and how you choose -- the equivalent to rights that would have been granted automatically at the cash register if you had bought the same music on a CD in the first place.” Sure, if you don't mind that this puts your music through a lossy compress+decompress step. But that's not what annoys me. Nor the fact that iTunes' decompress-to-CD feature might go away at any time -- when you use proprietary software and become dependent on an upgrade path, you're making yourself someone else's bitch. But that's just the nature of the game and I'm sure most users have (at least unconsciously) come to terms with that by now. No, the real slimey thing about decompressing to CD, is that nobody knows whether or not it's legal. DMCA defines circumvention as bypassing DRM without authorization from the copyright holder. Did you get authorization to remove the DRM from a iTMS-purchased song, from the copyright holder? Do you even know what the copyright holder has authorized you to do, and not do? DVDs don't contain any statement that says you're allowed to watch them. We assume that it's implied, because if MPAA starts suing people for merely watching DVDs, they might get a little money from one settlement, but then that'll be the end of the DVD market. One thing we do know, thanks to the 2600 case, is that running DeCSS isn't on the secret list of authorized uses. What is on the secret list of authorized uses for iTMS-bought songs? We all assume it's ok to bypass the DRM as a necessary step of listening to the songs. Are we also assuming that these RIAA-member companies have granted authorization to remove the DRM for purposes of burning to an audio CD? That's a pretty amazing assumption. These companies are part of the lobby to remove or reduce Fair Use; they don't want you to burn music to a CD even when the original music is not DRMed. That's a situation where Fair Use law, not the copyright holder, has the final say as to what is legal and what is not. But when music has "technological measures to limit access," then DMCA says that the copyright holder, rather than any coded law, is who has the final say about the details of what is permitted and what isn't. And you just blissfully assume they're ok with it? Wow. The beauty of never publicly stating what is authorized is that you can always change your mind, and revise your secret list of authorized uses. Somebody pisses you off? Just retroactively make them become a criminal, and now the government will be on your side when you attack them. http://it.slashdot.org/it/07/01/14/1357213.shtml ![]() Cingular: We Made Apple Bend Sascha Segan Movie studios and record labels have bent to Apple. But in the end, Apple bent to Cingular with a multi-year, exclusive US contract for an entire line of different iPhone models, Glenn Lurie, Cingular's president of national distribution told journalists at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES 2007) today. When asked about a give-and-take leading to the Apple-Cingular partnership, Lurie said, "I'm not sure we gave anything." Later, he commented, "I think they bent a lot." That bending included allowing the phone to be locked to Cingular, just one of several restrictions on the new iPhone. Press reports today said the phone will not accept third-party applications, though Apple may allow third parties to program mini-application "widgets." "If you want an iPhone, you are going to get the luxury of being on the Cingular network," Lurie said. While the Cingular logo will not appear on the body of the iPhone, the word "Cingular" will appear on the screen at all times. The contract covers "all models" of the iPhone, including several other devices in the works that may be "coming out very quickly," Lurie said. His comment addressed in part a criticism that the iPhone doesn't use Cingular's new high-speed HSDPA network. That isn't true worldwide, as Cingular only exists in the US. Apple is free to seek other partners for global distribution, he said. And Apple is also free to build other iPods without phone capability that won't be sold through Cingular—though he was unclear on whether a Wi-Fi only version of the iPhone would fall under Cingular's thumb. While "there are bad guys out there that unlock phones," Lurie said, Apple and Cingular are taking unspecified steps to make the phone more difficult to unlock and use on other GSM carriers in the US. "We expect this to grow our business" by attracting other carriers' customers, Lurie said. The phone will be sold exclusively through Apple and Cingular stores, Apple and Cingular's Web sites and Cingular's direct-mail unit, Lurie said. It will not be available through indirect retailers, the "Joe's cell phone shop" you see on every street corner—though Apple is free to go to big-box stores like Target and Wal-Mart, Lurie said. Apple and Cingular will share tech support responsibilities, Lurie said, with reps being "cross-trained" so that Cingular staffers will get elementary questions, leading to a "warm handoff" to Apple's tech support experts. So what did Apple get out of this partnership? Lurie said they were attracted to "the people," and the ability to work together to make deals and a product they could keep secret—which they have for two years. "We found that our organizations meshed together better than either side anticipated," Lurie said. http://news.yahoo.com/s/zd/20070110/tc_zd/198403 ![]() Copyright Law Changes Could Leave Consumers Vulnerable Ever recorded a television show or a movie so you can watch it later? Or ripped a CD so you can listen to it on your MP3 player? With changes to Canada's copyright laws expected as early as next month, these mundane 21st century activities could theoretically be open to prosecution — unless the Conservative government steps in with expanded "fair use" or "fair dealing" protections for consumers. Close observers of the file say all signs point to a new regime that will improve safeguards for major music, film and media companies and artists for unpaid use of their material, but neglect to make exemptions for personal use of copyrighted content. 'About as market interventionist as you can get' "We're dealing with an industry minister [Maxime Bernier] that's tried to extricate government from the telecom area with a very strong deregulatory focus," said Michael Geist, the Canada Research Chair of Internet and E-commerce Law at the University of Ottawa. "Yet the kind of copyright reform that is being contemplated is about as market interventionist as you can get." Amendments to the Copyright Act are fraught with problems, since there are so many players with contradictory views. Continue Article Exacerbating the situation is intense pressure from the United States, where Canada is considered a rogue when it comes to copyright and intellectual property. It still hasn't ratified a 1997 World Intellectual Property Organization copyright treaty. Sources say the new legislation is ready, but Bernier and Heritage Minister Bev Oda are struggling on final wording. Two of the most controversial issues are called digital rights management and the closely related technological protection measures. 'People just assume it's free' Graham Henderson of the Canadian Recording Industry Association, one of Canada's top lobbyists for stiffer copyright controls, notes that a variety of digital services have taken off in the United States and started to make up a large percentage of music revenues. "In Canada, that's not happening and it's not happening because we have a culture here where people just assume it's free," said Henderson. "It's a big black market effect and so instead of 25 per cent [of the market], it's eight per cent here. People are simply abandoning the marketplace altogether, and they've made the decision they'll just download the music and worry about how the artist gets paid later." Exemptions for consumers urged But what does this mean for the consumer who legitimately buys a song or a film, and wants to use it on several different devices? Consumer advocates, such as Ottawa-based lawyer Howard Knopf, are urging the government to protect Canadians with wide exemptions in the Copyright Act for "fair use." As well, a group of Canadian musicians, including the Barenaked Ladies and Broken Social Scene, have come out against the technological protection measures, arguing they actually stifle creativity and their relationship with consumers. http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2...ht-canada.html ![]() New Radio Web Service Powered By RCS FMQB RCS will be the technology provider for U.K. radio group GCap Media's launch of Mi-Xfm, a "personalized online player" branded by radio station Xfm and Microsoft's XBox. The service lets station listeners specify how much and how often specific artists and songs are played within four different programming options: "Xfm Chill," "Xfm Loud," "The X-List" and "Xfm Hits." RCS International Division VP Mike Powell says, “The player is ‘X-tremely’ user-friendly and really quite simple: Mi-Xfm features four different musical flavors, all derived from the legendary London radio station Xfm and utilizing our customizable iSelector software.” He adds that, “Every listener literally ‘teaches’ the online player how they want their listening experience to be…play more of this, less of that. As the player ‘learns’ it produces better and better playlists. Imagine a radio station where you only hear the music you really like – that’s what GCap is doing with Mi-Xfm.” http://www.fmqb.com/article.asp?id=329394 ![]() 802.11n Spec Moves Closer to Completion Eric Bangeman By a unanimous vote, the IEEE's 802.11 working group has sent Draft 2.0 of the 802.11n WiFi spec out to the entire membership of the IEEE for approval. If it is approved by the membership, Draft 2.0 wil then become the basis for the final 802.11n spec. 802.11n has been hailed as an ideal, easy-to-use home networking solution because of its speed and backward compatibility with the slower 802.11b and 802.11g wireless networking spec. 802.11n will have a maximum throughput of 600Mbps, but will typically operate at 200Mbps, about twice that of wired 100BaseT Ethernet and nearly four times the maximum of 802.11g. Its relatively high speeds have networking companies excited, as there's enough bandwidth to easily stream high-definition video wirelessly. At this year's Consumer Electronics Show, Ruckus Wireless treated me to a demo of their draft 802.11n equipment. Using their own hardware, they were able to simultaneously stream 1080p video to a couple of TVs while also streaming standard-def video to other devices. Very impressive, and a workable solution for getting HD content from one place to another without relying on coaxial cable or Cat 5e wire. So-called "Draft N" 802.11 gear has been available for several months from major vendors, with most of them touting 802.11n's 600Mbps ceiling. The rush to bring Draft N gear to market has actually outpaced the development of the spec itself, leading to some concerns over how well the early Draft N gear would work with the final spec. By mid-2006, Dell, Linksys, Belkin, D-Link, and many others were selling draft-compliant gear. With the rush to bring faster WiFi gear to market, the Wi-Fi Alliance announced it would begin certifying 802.11n equipment in two waves. Starting in March, the Wi-Fi Alliance will certify products as being compliant with Draft 2.0. Once the spec is finalized later this year or in early 2008, products will then be certified as fully 802.11n compliant. 802.11n's progress through the various steering committees and working groups has been much more arduous than the raft of products might lead one to believe. After Draft 1.0 was released in early 2006, Task Group N was deluged with over 12,000 comments—six times what was expected—as the draft spec lacked support from over half of the membership. The big question facing early adopters right now is how well their Draft N equipment will work with Draft 2.0 as well as the final spec, which is expected to be something akin to Draft 2.0 with some minor tweaks. Many—but not all—wireless equipment vendors have promised that their equipment will be made compliant with the final spec via firmware updates. If that turns out to be the case, it should be smooth sailing from here to the final spec. Given the widespread agreement that Draft 2.0 will only need some very minor modifications in order to gain the "full" 802.11n designation, Draft 2.0-compliant equipment should be a safe choice for those with the itch to upgrade. http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070119-8662.html ![]() July 2006 'No Wireless' Policy Enforced at Blue Cross Andrew R. Hickey It's not necessarily for security reasons that Blue Cross of Idaho has a strict "no wireless" policy. And it's not really the additional costs generated by a wireless network that keep that policy in place. Actually, the reasoning behind Blue Cross' anti-wireless policy is simple: They just don't need wireless. "We have not found a real business need to support wireless," said Jan Marshall, Blue Cross of Idaho's manager of technical and network services. It's been that way for years. No wireless, no worries. While Blue Cross of Idaho makes a conscious decision not to deploy a wireless network and to bar the use of wireless within the company walls, other companies may see benefits from it. For example, a company where end users are not confined to desks and bounce from room to room may want the seamless connectivity of WLANs. For Blue Cross, however, the cost and potential security risks don't make a WLAN a worthwhile venture, Marshall said. But a recent audit found that in order to enforce the no-wireless policy in its three buildings, Blue Cross of Idaho needed something that would monitor the wireless spectrum 24/7. Essentially, the auditors determined that a no-wireless policy was worthless if it was only on paper. "The auditors said, 'You have a no-wireless policy. How are you enforcing that?'" Marshall said. At the auditors' suggestion, Blue Cross of Idaho deployed a wireless threat detection and prevention system. The product they settled on was RFprotect Distributed from Network Chemistry, which ensures that no wireless access points or other devices are on the network. But wrapping in RFprotect created some interesting conundrums. First, Blue Cross of Idaho had to make sure they weren't shutting down neighboring buildings' wireless networks, Marshall said. The Starbucks nearby certainly "wouldn't appreciate that." Marshall stressed that RFprotect is not a jammer or blocker, but instead it lets his team see what wireless devices are popping up on the network and track them to a specific location. Being able to track the location of a wireless network has made for an interesting game within Blue Cross of Idaho. Since a number of users have PDAs with wireless settings, some have had a few laughs tracking the whereabouts of those users within the building – kind of a Big Brother situation. Marshall said it's all in fun. And if someone came in with a laptop or PDA and wanted to hop onto Starbucks' hot spot, the user wouldn't be able to see it from inside Blue Cross' walls. "We have to have a secure network for keeping outside people from getting into it for whatever reason," Marshall said, adding that Blue Cross of Idaho must comply with HIPAA regulations because it handles medical billing. "A hard-wired network contained within the walls of the company is just more secure." So far, Marshall said, no real wireless threats have been found since RFprotect was deployed. No one has tried to set up rogue access. In some instances, however, visiting vendors and other guests have had their wireless cards enabled. Marshall said it gives a little peace of mind to know what is on the network and when. "This was all a proactive project to make sure we don't have any problems going forward," he said. http://searchnetworking.techtarget.c...204536,00.html ![]() 24-Hour Newspaper People David Carr Like a lot of modern newspaper people, I have a blog. For those of you who don’t have a blog yet, think of one as a large yellow Labrador: friendly, fun, not all that bright, but constantly demanding your attention. Having a blog (mine, which happens to be about the Oscar race, is at carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com) makes me approachable, reader-friendly and engaged. Perhaps too engaged. There is a serial commenter on my blog and others at The New York Times, “Mark Klein, M.D.,” an older, accomplished gentleman with a lot of opinions and time on his hands. He can be a bit of a crank, politically incorrect to the point of provocation, and yet he always writes as though we are friends. And maybe we are. A week ago, he posted a note saying that he was traveling to Israel and that I wasn’t to interpret his sudden silence as a sign that he’d lost interest in me. As if I cared. Except that I did. I sort of missed him. I dropped him a note and then called him in Israel about being off the grid (in particular, my grid). “It’s nice to hear from you. I missed you too,” he said, as if it were the most natural thing in the world. “There is an intimacy to the exchange of electrons — almost like an online romance — that means you are a real person to me,” he said. “We were already having a conversation of sorts.” Independent bloggers can laugh all they want about the imperious posture of the mainstream media, but I and others at The Times have never been more in touch with readers’ every robustly communicated whim than we are today. Not only do I hear what people are saying, but I also care. Sometimes I wonder whether I care to the point that I neglect other things, like, oh, my job. Tweaking the blog is seductive in a way that a print deadline never is. By the time I am done posting entries, moderating comments and making links, my, has the time flown. I probably should have made some phone calls about next week’s column, but maybe I’ll write about, ah, blogging instead. “We are living through the largest expansion of expressive capability in the history of the human race,” said Clay Shirky, an adjunct professor in the graduate interactive telecommunications program at New York University. “And it wouldn’t be a revolution if there were no losers. The speed of conversation is a part of what is good about it, but then some of the reflectiveness, the ability for careful summation and expression, is lost.” Even as Mr. Shirky is saying this, I peek at the comments section of my blog, and he goes on, “There is an obsessive, dollhouse pleasure in configuring and looking at it, a constant measure of social capital.” There has always been a feedback loop in journalism — letters to the editor, the phone and more recently e-mail messages. But a blog provides feedback through a fire hose. The nice thing about putting out a newspaper was that, at some point, the story was set and the writer got to go home. Now I have become a day trader, jacked in to my computer and trading by the second in my most precious commodity: me. How do they like me now? What about ... now? Hmmmm ... Now? Josh Quittner, editor of Business 2.0 magazine, recently asked his writers to come up with blogs, and he writes his own. He decided to encourage them with (small) bonuses based on the number of visitors to their blogs, after one of his star reporters, Om Malik, left the magazine to tend to his own immensely popular blog. (Mr. Malik still contributes a column to the magazine.) “I don’t want that to happen here again,” Mr. Quittner explained. “We are having an amazing good time,” he said, in the midst of a week when chatter about the new Apple phone was driving page views. “It is like Pinocchio when they are caught in the belly of the whale and very hungry. They finally figure out they should drop a fishing line in and start hauling in all sorts of tuna.” “One of the wrong turns that we have taken in journalism is that to give people information they want and need is somehow pandering,” he said. The desire to connect is a pure impulse, but it can lead to bad behavior on the part of writers. Sometimes, I feel a little lonely on my Oscar blog. The solution: I take a rhetorical baseball bat to a fan favorite, “Borat,” and hundreds of rabid commentators appear. Hey, I’ve got readers. Web analytics — that ugly term of art — is changing newspapers, too. Here at The Times, the Most E-Mailed list on our Web site has gone from being an in-house curiosity to a measure of salience, as much as getting an article on the front page. The list can be wonderfully idiosyncratic — last Friday, a six-month-old goof on using animal training on husbands (“What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage”) reappeared alongside Thomas Friedman’s meditation on the president’s plan to send more troops to Iraq. But at some point, ratings (which print journalists, unlike their television counterparts, have never had to contend with) will start to impinge on news judgment. “You can bemoan the crass decision-making driving by ratings, but you can’t really avoid the fact that page views are increasingly the coin of the realm,” said Jim Warren, co-managing editor of The Chicago Tribune. So when that’s the case, what happens to those other qualities, “the reflectiveness, the ability for careful summation and expression,” in Mr. Shirky’s lovely phrase? “The best thing about the Web — you have so much information about how people use it — is also the worst thing,” said Jim Brady, executive editor of Washingtonpost.com. “You can drive yourself crazy with that stuff. News judgment has to rule the day, and the home page cannot become a popularity contest.” My personal referendum continues, albeit without Dr. Klein for the time being. When he returns home, he plans to test the waters for a presidential run on a platform of improved rights for noncustodial parents. That sounds like the kind of hobby that could cut into his time spent commenting on my blog. “No, I don’t think I’ll stop,” he said. “I think if I am successful in running for the White House, I would continue to blog and comment.” I can’t help feeling a little pride. I could go on, but the results of the awards by the Broadcast Film Critics just came in at 1:17 a.m., and I need to update my blog. No time like the present. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/15/bu...carr.html?8dpc ![]() O.J. Book: Evidence of Guilt? O. J. Simpson's 'If I Did It' provoked major controversy before the book was canceled. But what did he actually say? An exclusive look at the crucial chapter. Mark Miller Jan. 22, 2007 issue - The firestorm burned hot and fast: within days of acknowledging one of its divisions was publishing O. J. Simpson's "hypothetical" account of the murders of his ex-wife and her friend, News Corp. reversed course and canceled the book in late November. Rupert Murdoch, News Corp.'s chairman, apologized for the "ill-conceived project." Then the company fired Judith Regan, the hard-charging publisher who acquired the book for her ReganBooks imprint and who had conducted a TV interview with Simpson to air on Fox. All 400,000 copies of the book were recalled for destruction, save for one locked away in a News Corp. vault. Regan and News Corp. were pressured to drop the project (NEWSWEEK was among the critics) because they were, in effect, paying Simpson at least $880,000 to tell how he might have committed the murders, money that should have gone to satisfy the $33.5 million judgment a 1997 civil jury ordered him to pay to the victims' families. Throughout the uproar, however, almost no one knew what the proposed book, titled "If I Did It," actually said. As always with the so-called trial of the century, there were competing narratives. Regan called the book Simpson's "confession"; his attorney scoffed at the idea that the Juice had admitted to anything. But NEWSWEEK has obtained a copy of the book's key chapter from a source who asked not to be identified because of the ongoing controversy. The narrative is as revolting as one might expect, but it's also surprisingly revealing. What emerges from the chapter is something new in the nearly 13-year Simpson saga: a seeming confession in Simpson's own voice. To be sure, Simpson never explicitly admits to slicing his ex-wife's neck so savagely that he almost decapitated her. (According to the source, he told the ghostwriter that he could not have his children read such gruesome details of the slashing.) Simpson's Florida attorney, Yale Galanter, said again last week that the account is "purely hypothetical": "In the final manuscript and in the book there is a clear, concise statement disclaiming anything that is contained in the chapter as being fact or close to fact." NEWSWEEK did not obtain the book's six other chapters. As a correspondent for this magazine, I covered the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman through the criminal trial and acquittal of O. J. Simpson in 1995. What is striking about the chapter I read, "The Night in Question," is how closely it tracks with the evidence in the case—and how clearly Simpson invokes the classic language of a wife abuser. In his crude, expletive-laced account, Simpson suggests Nicole all but drove him to kill her. He describes her as the "enemy." She is taunting him with her sexual dalliances, he says, and carrying on inappropriately in front of their two children. On June 12, 1994, Simpson attends his daughter Sydney's dance recital. He writes that he is in a foul mood after the performance, stewing over the behavior of his ex-wife. He is due to fly to Chicago late that night. But first he races to Nicole's Bundy Drive condominium in Brentwood. He parks in the dark alley behind her condo and dons the knit wool cap and gloves he keeps handy to ward off the chill on the golf course. He also has a knife in the Bronco, protection against L.A. "crazies." He intends to scare her. He enters through a broken back gate—he's told her a "million times" to get the buzzer and latch fixed—and encounters Goldman, who is returning the glasses of Nicole's mother, Juditha. She had left them at Mezzaluna, where the Brown family dined after Sydney's recital and where Goldman is a waiter. Simpson accuses Goldman of planning a sexual encounter with Nicole, which Goldman denies. Nicole tells Simpson to leave him alone. Goldman's fate is sealed when Kato, Nicole's Akita, emerges and gives him a friendly tail wag. "You've been here before," Simpson screams at Goldman. At Simpson's criminal trial, to explain how one man could have killed two people, the Los Angeles County coroner theorized that Simpson knocked out Nicole, then quickly slit her throat before turning to Goldman. If the book's account is true, the coroner's hypothesis was correct—almost. Simpson writes that his ex-wife came at him like a "banshee." She loses her balance and falls hard, her head cracking against the ground. Goldman assumes a karate stance, further angering Simpson. He dares the younger man to fight. Then, in the book, Simpson pulls back. He writes, "Then something went horribly wrong, and I know what happened, but I can't tell you exactly how." Simpson writes that when he regains control of himself, he realizes he is drenched in blood and holding a bloody knife. Both Nicole and Goldman are dead. Simpson heads back to the alley but before getting into the Bronco to flee, strips down to his socks. He rolls his bloody clothes and the knife into a small pile. (That's an important detail. The police never recovered those clothes or the murder weapon, but they did find Simpson's socks—with Nicole's blood on them—at the foot of his bed at his Rockingham estate.) As he nears his house, Simpson sees the limo that will take him to the airport for his Chicago trip. He steals onto his estate via a darkened, hidden path that takes him directly behind the guesthouse where Kato Kaelin is living. Simpson describes how he stumbles into an air conditioner for Kaelin's room, making a terrific racket—just as Kaelin told police he had heard. Simpson's account does diverge from the prosecution's theory of the case in one significant way. In his telling, a second man, a close friend he calls Charlie, is with him during the killings. Charlie is an unwilling accomplice, repeatedly urging Simpson to stop what he is doing. Does "Charlie" really exist? Perhaps. At the time, many wondered if Simpson had help, if not with the actual killings then with getting rid of evidence. The police never found sufficient evidence to charge anyone else. Fred Goldman, Ron's father, thinks the idea of a second man is absurd, but isn't surprised to hear what Simpson has written (he hasn't read it himself). "This is the guy who murdered them—of course he knows what the evidence is and how he did it," Goldman told NEWSWEEK. Denise Brown, Nicole's sister, told me in an e-mail that she agreed with my analysis. "It just goes to show you that he is guilty and that is what I have always said from the beginning ... Know this, though—I won't be reading [the book]." By the end of the chapter, Simpson reverts to his more familiar public stance: outrage that anyone could believe he committed the murders. He tells his lawyers that he is, as he declared at an early legal proceeding, "absolutely 100 percent not guilty." Readers may yet get their chance to judge the Simpson book for themselves. Galanter, Simpson's attorney, said last week that the rights to the book have already or will soon revert to the former football great (a spokesman for HarperCollins, of which ReganBooks was a part, declined to comment on any aspect of this story). Galanter wouldn't say if he has lined up a new publisher. More surprising was what Goldman family attorney Jonathan Polak had to say. Polak's pursuit of Simpson to pay the $33.5 million judgment has been largely fruitless; he's now attempting to claim the money ReganBooks paid for the book. He said he will also attempt to seize Simpson's copyright to the work. "This may be the one opportunity we have [to collect]," he said. Of course, to do that, the book would have to be printed and put on sale. Would the Goldman family really seek to publish the book in which Simpson, hypothetically or not, describes the brutal murders? Fred Goldman was noncommittal; Polak wouldn't rule it out. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16610772/site/newsweek/ ![]() Editor of Turkey’s Armenian Paper Is Killed Sebnem Arsu The editor of Turkey’s only Armenian-language newspaper was assassinated today on an Istanbul street. The editor, Hrant Dink, 53, was convicted last year of insulting the Turkish state and identity because of comments he made about the mass deaths of ethnic Armenians before World War I in what is now Turkey — events that Armenians and many foreign historians say was genocide by the Ottoman army, but the Turkish government denies took place. Mr. Dink also criticized ethnic Armenians abroad for trying to make official Turkish recognition of those events a precondition for Turkish entry into the European Union, but that stance attracted less attention. Mr. Dink was leaving the office of his newspaper, Agos, in the Sisli district of Istanbul early in the afternoon when he was gunned down in front of the building by one or more assailants, the semiofficial Anatolian News Agency reported today. Nuran Agan, 47, a colleague of Mr. Dink’s at Agos, sounded shaken as she described an ordinary day before he left the office. “I heard three gunshots after he left, but never associated it with him,” Ms. Agan said. When she rushed downstairs to find out what had happened, she saw Mr. Dink lying in a pool of blood on the ground with a bullet wound in the back of his head. “He received lots of threats, and had requested protection.” Ms. Agan said. Television images broadcast live from the scene of the incident showed large crowds gathered nearby behind police cordons, and Mr. Dink’s body lying on the ground, awaiting the arrival of ambulances delayed by the traffic clogging the busy commercial district around the office. The Turkish Foreign Ministry issued a written statement condemning the attack. Later in the day, the Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, said in a broadcast news conference that the killing was a direct attack on Turkey’s peace and stability. “A bullet was fired at freedom of thought and democratic life in Turkey,” Mr. Erdogan said. Witnesses told the police that they saw a young man in a white cap running away immediately after the shots were fired, according to a news report on NTV television. The police said they had detained two suspects in central Istanbul in connection with the attack. Mr. Dink was prosecuted late last year under Article 301 of the Turkish penal code, a controversial provision that makes negative remarks about Turkishness or the Turkish state a crime. It has been used to try several prominent intellectuals in recent years, and has been criticized by the European Union as an infringement on free speech. An Istanbul court interpreted several comments Mr. Dink made as an insult to the Turkish identity. It sentenced him to six months in jail and then suspended the sentence. In a recent article in Agos, Mr. Dink complained that extreme nationalists opponents were casting him as an enemy of Turks, and said the increasing threats against him were weighing on him. “I do not know how real these threats are, but what’s really unbearable is the psychological torture that I’m living in,” he wrote. “Like a pigeon, turning my head up and down, left and right, my head quickly rotating.” Haluk Sahin, a columnist for Radikal, a newspaper that has strongly supported Mr. Dink’s legal struggle as an intellectual, said that Turkey had been hit right in the heart by his murder. “Those who wanted to harm Turkey couldn’t have chosen a better target,” Mr. Sahin said. “As opposed to other killings in the past, Turkish public reaction against this murder will show us where Turkey stands in the world.” Shortly after the shooting, crowds gathered in front of Mr. Dink’s office and chanted “Shoulder to shoulder against fascism” and “We are all Hrant, we are all Armenians.” NTV reported that the police are reviewing surveillance-camera videotapes from retail shops in the block in the hope that they recorded images of the suspects described by witnesses. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/wo... tner=homepage ![]() Belgian Newspapers Target Yahoo After Forcing Google to Bend on Linking Eric Bangeman Long known for making the best beer in the world, Belgium has also become known for applying its copyright laws to news aggregators that summarize and link to the country's newspapers. The latest tiff comes courtesy of Yahoo and Copiepresse, Belgium's copyright enforcement group. Yahoo, like other news aggregators, publishes summaries and links to news articles all over the Internet. This isn't a problem in most places, but Belgian publishers aren't fans of the practice. Bernard Magrez, a lawyer for the Belgian copyright watchdog, has accused Yahoo of publishing articles without authorization. As a result, Copiepresse has sent a "cease and desist" letter to Yahoo, requesting that they stop linking to articles on the newspapers' websites. If you're thinking that this sounds familiar, you're correct. Google went through the same thing with Copiepresse last year. The Belgian newspapers argued that Google's indexing of their sites constituted copyright infringement. A Belgian court agreed, ordering the search engine to remove the content from Google News and its search index while fining it €1.3 million for each day of noncompliance. Google is appealing the court's ruling, and a decision may be issued some time this month. Yahoo released a statement saying that it "respects the copyright of content owners" and will "respond in an appropriate manner" to Copiepresse's complaints. It's difficult to see how the Belgian newspapers will benefit by having their links and content summaries stripped from all the major search engines. Easily-found external links drive traffic to web sites, which most site operators agree is a good thing. Forcing search engines to stop indexing and linking their content may give the newspapers more control over how their content is displayed and used, but that short-term benefit is outweighed by the prospect of lower site traffic and increasing irrelevance on the Internet. http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070119-8660.html ![]() As Time Inc. Cuts Jobs, One Writer on Britney May Have to Do Katharine Q. Seelye and Richard Siklos People magazine’s article this week on Britney Spears and her “new guy,” model Isaac Cohen, is five paragraphs long. It was reported and written by seven people. To be fair, they were long paragraphs. But with layoffs expected this week at Time Inc., which publishes People, such reporter-heavy treatment is headed the way of Kevin Federline, Ms. Spears’s soon-to-be-ex-husband. Time Inc., the publishing division of Time Warner, is planning to cut more than 150 people, about half of them in editorial jobs across the company’s best-known titles, like People, Sports Illustrated, Time and Fortune. The cuts follow about 600 last year, many of them from the company’s business side, and a decision to trim its roster by selling 18 of its roughly 150 titles. Time Inc.’s top executive, Ann S. Moore, has not yet publicly outlined or discussed the cuts, and she declined to be interviewed for this article. But other executives said that, while Time Inc. remains profitable, with margins of about 18 percent, it is witnessing a downturn in print advertising revenue and increasingly fierce competition from the Internet. To prepare for the future, they said, the company is cutting costs now and continuing to shift resources to its branded Web sites. That in turn is prompting big changes to the standard newsweekly formula of many correspondents contributing to heavily processed articles at magazines like Time and People. Time Inc. is taking other steps to save money. Within a year or two, most of the company’s corporate offices and magazines at the Time-Life Building in Midtown Manhattan will have moved to lower floors so that the more valuable upper floors can be leased out. Time magazine is shutting some of its bureau buildings overseas, including in Paris, although it expects to maintain “laptop” correspondents, who can work from home. “They’re amputating in order to save the patient,” said an executive at a competing publishing company. Time Inc.’s challenges mirror those of the publishing business broadly: its strong brands generate plenty of cash and profit, but have not been growing, a profile that is highly unpopular on Wall Street these days. But, while its biggest competitors, Condé Nast Publications and the Hearst Corporation, are privately held, Time Inc. is part of a publicly traded conglomerate with big holdings in television, film, cable and the Internet and is on a mission to prove itself to restless investors. Time Inc. still has nearly 11,000 employees worldwide and it is hiring more people at its Web sites, but its overall fate is unclear. When Carl C. Icahn, the financier, waged a brief assault on Time Warner last year, he said the publishing division was ripe for sale or a spinoff because it does not fit with the company’s other businesses. For now, Time Warner’s president, Jeffrey L. Bewkes, and its chief executive, Richard D. Parsons, have said they intend to keep Time Warner whole. Despite its journalistic legacy and its position as the largest magazine publisher in the country, Time Inc., with annual revenues around $5 billion, is now the baby in the Time Warner family, which has annual revenues of more than $42 billion. In both revenue and profits, it was the smallest of the company’s five operating units in the first nine months of 2006, generating 11 percent of revenues and 8 percent of adjusted operating profits. Advertising has been down for many magazines, in part because of troubles in the auto industry and a slump in financial services. Ad pages at several Time Inc. publications dropped last year, compared with 2005: Fortune, down 6.4 percent; Money, down 9.6 percent; People, down 2.9 percent. The good news: Time magazine held its own, with ad pages up 0.8 percent, propped up by the pharmaceutical industry. Other Time Inc. magazines did well enough so that the total for all the company’s magazines was flat, not down. In this environment, one company executive said, “flat is the new up.” Even People magazine, arguably the most successful magazine in history, is in for an overhaul, one guided in part by consultants from McKinsey. People remains by far the nation’s dominant celebrity magazine, with a weekly circulation of 3.8 million and more ad pages and revenue than any other magazine for the 16th year in a row. But some of its competitors, chiefly US Weekly, are growing faster. People has one of the last vestiges of the classic newsmagazine reporting structure, in which several correspondents send files to a writer in New York, where stories are fact-checked by yet another department. The new model, which is standard at most news organizations, will be for one person to report, write and fact-check the article — much as Simon Perry, the London bureau chief, did with People’s take this week on Kate Middleton, Prince William’s girlfriend. Larry Hackett, managing editor of People, said the new reporting model would not preclude putting several correspondents on one piece when the news warrants it, as it often does these days with the peripatetic Ms. Spears. But he said the changes would result in better journalism. Reporters are eager to craft their own articles and writers eager to do the original reporting on theirs, he said. More important, if one person is in control of the information, he or she can move it faster to the Web. “We know there are cost pressures at Time Inc.,” he said. “But the changes we’re making aren’t to cut staff because we want to put out People on the cheap. I believe firmly and completely that this will yield better journalism, better career opportunities and more accountability.” Last summer, Time Inc. shut down Teen People, which was losing advertising, but kept it alive online. The move was part of a broader decision by the company to pare its print portfolio and build what it sees as its six core strengths on the Web: news and information; celebrity and entertainment; sports; business and finance; home and food; and health and fitness. It also put up for sale the group of smaller niche magazines, including Popular Science and Field & Stream, which the company did not expect would become big draws online. Ms. Moore, the chairman and chief executive of Time Inc., wrote in a memo last year that those magazines no longer fit the company’s strategy. “I am confident that the biggest brands in print, with our expertise and support, will develop into the biggest brands online,” she wrote. Ms. Moore, the former People magazine president, who is 56, assumed her current job titles in 2002. She is in the first year of a new three-year contract, and she has told associates this stint will be her last before she retires — and has said that her goal over the next two years is to restore the business’s growth and solidify its position online. At an annual retreat for senior Time Warner managers in late November in Malibu, Ms. Moore was the featured speaker among all of the company’s division heads, arguing that the company is progressing after unwinding a relationship last year under which most magazine content was being distributed online via AOL. Her presentation featured charts that showed that Time Inc.’s titles ranked highly in competitive online categories — like celebrity news, with people.com, and financial news, with CNNmoney.com — and commanded increasing advertising rates. According to executives who attended, Ms. Moore said that at Sports Illustrated, for example, digital operations would account for 13 percent of profits in 2006 and are projected to rise to 18 percent this year. Terry McDonell, editor of the Sports Illustrated group, attributed the growth in part to programs that allow users to customize the Web site, and receive constantly refreshed news and pictures of their favorite teams. The pending cuts, he said, stem from a further melding of print and digital, with almost all print writers and photographers producing original material for the Web. “It’s all about being more efficient across all the platforms in the S.I. group,” Mr. McDonell said. For the company, the focus on the Web may have come at the expense of new start-ups. In 2004, Time Inc. started four new titles, but it has not had a major new success since 2000, with Real Simple. A new humor Web site last year, officepirates.com, quickly fizzled. Fortune is also wrestling to contain costs while Conde Nast is pouring money into its new business magazine, Portfolio, due in April. For all the changes at Time Inc., analysts said that investors were focused mainly on the performance of Time Warner’s cable unit and AOL as businesses that could drive up the company’s stock price. In the past year, Time Warner shares have risen 30 percent after a prolonged slump, due in part to a huge stock buyback by the company, a new strategy at AOL and the consummation of the company’s $13 billion acquisition of Adelphia Communications’ cable assets. Michael Nathanson, a media analyst who follows Time Warner for Sanford C. Bernstein & Company, said that the question for investors was whether Time Inc. could resume growing its operating earnings at between 5 percent and 10 percent per year. “Time Inc. only matters to the Time Warner investor if it’s sold or if they can get the profits growing in line with the rest of the content assets,” Mr. Nathanson said. “I think they’re on the path for the latter.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/15/bu...time.html?8dpc ![]() Digital Music Sales Soaring, Industry Group Says CBC News Digital music rocks, a London-based music industry group says. Record companies sold $2 billion US worth of digital music last year, nearly double the 2005 figure, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) said in its annual review, released Wednesday. The sales, which amount to 10 per cent of all wholesale music sales, include purchases made through online outlets or through cellphone companies. Among other market indicators: The number of titles available online doubled to four million. Sales of classical music revived once more titles were put online, and a New York Philharmonic Mozart recording hit the iTunes top 40 in the U.S. and Britain. Record companies began to make money from ads on their websites. Record companies are experimenting with new business models and digital music products, which has involved the companies with hundreds of licensing partners. Download services like iTunes are the main digital format, but subscription services, mobile mastertones — snips of music produced as ringtones by record companies — advertising-supported services and deals allowing music videos to be played on sites like YouTube are all evolving. Mobile sales accounted for half of digital revenues in 2006 (90 per cent in phone-mad Japan), and are expected to jump this year as handset makers such as Nokia and Sony Ericsson move deeper into music. Consumers score But users are the big winners, IFPI chairman and CEO John Kennedy said in the report. "They have effectively been given access to 24-hour music stores and services with unlimited shelf space. They can buy or consume music in new ways and formats — an iTunes download, a video on YouTube, a ringtone or a subscription library," he said. Because of the virtually infinite shelf space, consumers are buying records that would have disappeared from even the largest traditional retailers, the report said. But sales of digital music still have some way to go, because they're not offsetting the drop in CD sales, IFPI said. Piracy is a major reason why the digital market did not cover the decline in the "physical" market last year. "Digital piracy and the devaluation of music content are a real threat to the emerging digital music business," despite the record industry's legal pursuit of digital pirates. About 10,000 cases were launched in 18 countries against large scale peer-to-peer uploaders, the people who make illegal music file-sharing possible. That helped, IFPI said, but the group is still pressuring internet service providers to stop uploaders, and wants governments and companies to help protect intellectual property rights. http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2...tal-music.html ![]() Group: Music Sales Down, Digital Music Sales Up AP Worldwide sales of downloaded music, including cellphone ringtones, rose 82 percent to about $2 billion in 2006 to account for around 10 percent of music industry sales, up from 5.5 percent, a global music industry trade group announced. Sales were about evenly split between downloads to a PC and over-the-air downloads of ringtones and full music tracks to a cellphone. Despite digital-music gains, worldwide music industry sales nonetheless fell, according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). Worldwide music industry sales slid to about $20 billion in 2006 from $21 billion in 2005, IFPI statistics show. By 2010, digital music sales will grow to account for at least a quarter of all music sales worldwide, said IFPI chairman John Kennedy. In the United States, the number of downloaded tracks grew in 2006 by 65 percent to 582 million, accounting for 73 percent of the 795 million individual tracks downloaded worldwide. The number of tracks downloaded worldwide grew 89 percent to 795 million. In addition, the number of downloaded albums in the United States rose 101 percent to 33 million in 2006 to account for 6 percent of all albums sold. Worldwide album figures weren't available. In other key findings, IFPI said that in the United States: Growth factors: IFPI cited multiple reasons for the digital-music gains, including the rapid growth in ownership of portable MP3 players and a doubling of tracks authorized for downloading to 4 million. Other reasons include a rapidly growing number of authorized download sites and music industry lawsuits against P2P file-sharing services and individual P2P users. Referring to MP3 portables capable of playing authorized protected downloads, IFPI contends that "the increasing popularity of portable digital music players is driving interest in music services" and "driving interest in legal music buying." The group cited statistics from two sources, an IFPI-authorized study of European consumers by M-Lab and a separate European study by Jupiter Research. IFPI concludes that "portable player owners are more likely to buy music legally than general Internet users, but the amount of purchased music stored on the devices is low." The M-Lab survey of consumers in November 2006 found "portability is a key driver of growing demand for recorded music," IFPI said. Thirty-five percent of portable MP3 player owners in Europe bought online music at least once, and 47 percent of those people say they buy music only or mostly in digital form. In addition, 14 percent of portable owners use paid downloads as their main source of music, or about the same percentage who use P2P networks and free Web sites. Jupiter's European research, IFPI said, "found that iPod owners are three times more likely than general Internet users to be regular paying music downloaders." Jupiter also determined that 16 percent of iPod-owning Internet users download music legally every month compared with 5 percent of Internet users who don't own an iPod. Nonetheless, IFPI said, "a greater volume of music on portable players is obtained from P2P and free [illegal and legitimate] sources than is purchased on legal sites. And the frequency of purchase on legal sites is still low." Protected downloads were available from 498 authorized download sites in more than 40 countries at the end of 2006, up from the year-ago 335, IFPI also said. At the end of 2006, 48 U.S. sites were authorized for music downloading. Collectively among all sites, 4 million individual tracks were available for download at the end of 2006, up 100 percent from the year-ago period. The sites offer more song selection than the largest brick-and-mortar music store, IFPI added. The largest music stores stock a maximum of 150,000 CD titles, IFPI said, and if 10 tracks are available per disc, only 1.5 million songs are available at any one time in these stores. The availability of such a broad selection of online songs 24 hours a day, IFPI contends, has reinvigorated sales of classical music and music videos. "Classical was the fastest growing [digital] music genre in the U.S., growing by 23 percent in 2006," the IFPI report said. Although DVD music-video sales peaked in 2004, the group continued, "the [music-video] format is now beginning to see the positive impact of digital delivery." Music video downloads accounted for 3 percent of total digital revenues in the first half of 2006, IFPI said. Downloading has also boosted sales of music singles, which in 2006 hit an all-time worldwide high of more than 900 million in physical and download formats combined, IFPI said. In fact, digital singles accounted for more than 80 percent of singles sold worldwide, and in the United States, digital singles have completely replaced the physical singles market. Similarly, the number of digital-only albums is on the rise, particularly in the United States, where more than 13,000 digital-only albums were released in the first half of 2006, accounting for almost 36 percent of all new albums released in the first half. In contrast, IFPI said in citing Nielsen SoundScan figures, 16,850 digital-only albums were released in all of 2005. The IFPI report also found that music-download subscription services are growing in popularity but account only for a small share of digital music sales. The number of subscription-download subscribers grew 25 percent in 2006 to 3.5 million consumers worldwide, an unspecified majority of which are in the United States. Subscription-download revenues, however, accounted for only 7 percent of digital revenues in the first half of that year. The portable versions of subscription services "have suffered significantly from lack of compatibility with the dominant music player, the iPod," IFPI contended. In other findings, IFPI said 2006 was marked by several firsts, including the first time that a music company (Universal) negotiated an agreement with an MP3 player maker (Microsoft) to share in the revenues of an MP3 player's sales (Microsoft's Zune). http://www.broadcastnewsroom.com/art...e.jsp?id=98351 ![]() Record Labels Need a Digital Hit S&P Ratings runs down the prospects for major players like Sony and Bertelsmann as they struggle to adapt to the MP3 era From Standard & Poor's RatingsDirect Entertainment companies are facing uncertain times as they redefine how they sell their goods. Determining the successful business model for Internet distribution is among the entertainment industry's highest priorities. In the first part of a two-part article, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services will look at the challenges facing music outfits. Part two will focus on filmed entertainment. In contrast to the TV business, the recording industry has arrived at a consumer-friendly, commercial technology for online distribution that protects its copyrights. However, legal and illegal downloads continue to cannibalize CD sales. The movie business is at an earlier stage of development and must accommodate larger file sizes. Digital music downloads of individual tracks have gone from zero only a few years ago to more than 525 million in 2006 (first 49 weeks), based on Nielsen Soundscan data. Growth of single tracks in this period amounted to 67%. Growth has been aided by legal victories that have protected copyright holders and slowed piracy; the development of popular, inexpensive, and consumer-friendly digital music players; and the wide acceptance of the user-friendly iTunes Music Store, owned by Apple (AAPL). Going the Way of the LP? Internet research firm JupiterResearch has estimated that 62 million digital music players of various kinds are in use in the U.S., and that the number will jump to 196 million in 2011. Standard & Poor's believes that this may be a challenging projection. One major record company, EMI Group, says that digital music revenue will account for 25% of industry revenues by 2010—a projection that we view as reasonable. Concurrent with the growth of digital revenue, sales of physical copies of music have dropped sharply. Worldwide, according to the Recording Industry Association of America, retailers sold only 750.4 million CDs in 2005 (the latest available full-year figure), down from 942.5 million in 2000. The music industry sells digital music largely in single tracks, which are in general proportionately less profitable than album bundles. In the U.S. in 2005, consumers bought 353 million digital tracks but only 16 million digital albums, reflecting listeners' desires to fashion their own collections. Warner Music Group (WMG) has pursued the less-traveled road of selling digital albums at a premium to singles by bundling ancillary products such as song lyrics, music videos, and bonus tracks with its album offerings. Consumer-Friendly Pricing More than 70% of premium-priced album bundles sold on iTunes in the U.S. are from Warner Music Group. This has contributed to its relatively high proportion of digital sales, at roughly 10%, and its recent increases in EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization) margins, because ancillary materials have little incremental cost. The industry's pricing of digital music—already inexpensive at approximately $1 for a single downloaded song and $2 to $3 for a song downloaded to a mobile phone—could shift in the future. The dominant digital download service, iTunes Music Store, which accounts for about 70% of the paid digital-music download business, has resisted overtures by the major music labels to tier its download pricing based on various criteria such as top-selling vs. other artists and catalog vs. new releases. iTunes has steadfastly maintained that a consumer-friendly price will prove the best strategy for establishing a legal commercial-download model. Mobile revenues, although still largely driven by purchases outside the U.S., continue to grow steadily and, for some labels, account for half of digital revenues. Consequently, major labels have rapidly entered into arrangements with mobile phone services, on both an á là carte and subscription basis. But the sustainability of download prices, notably for mobile downloads, is very much in question. As the novelty fades, mobile phone operators may bring their prices down, and certain music labels may adopt a similar strategy to drive volume. Label Adaptability Universal Music Group (UMG; unrated) launched a permanent price reduction on album downloads in Europe, covering portions of its catalog, effective November, 2006. UMG also cut its mobile download prices. Pricing is likely to be an area of experimentation in the mobile distribution channel, possibly involving near- and long-term risk to the music labels' margins, but with the potential for expanded volume. As to pricing, the extent to which subscription-based selling catches on could affect digital and mobile revenue potential. We believe that subscription models will not emerge as the dominant selling approach for digital downloads, even though mobile services are still taking shape in a mix of á là carte and subscription plans. Even if EMI's projection of a 25% digital market share proves correct, several crucial questions remain: Will digital sales increases offset plunging revenues from CDs? Will digital sales provide any greater stability to total revenues? Will digital player penetration slow sooner than we had expected? And, finally, can the music labels' cost structures can be adapted to whatever scenario unfolds? Recruiting the Talent It is unclear whether, in the near term, digital sales growth will compensate for contracting CD volumes. Consumer penetration of digital player hardware could slow now that most early adopters own a device. Standard & Poor's is concerned that digital sales will not be significantly more weighted toward catalog works than are traditional CD sales, and that they therefore will not mitigate hit-driven sales volatility. We also believe that company managements may have to tackle cost challenges in the important areas of marketing and talent recruiting. Still, the last week of 2006 showed promising signs of growth, according to Nielsen SoundScan, with 30.1 million digital track downloads, an all-time high for the seven-day period and a 51% increase from last year. Although each of the five major music companies has specific issues, the unsettled profit outlook in the industry is an important context to the negative outlooks we have assigned to three of the five: Sony (SNE), EMI, and Bertelsmann. In Sony's case, missteps in launching its PlayStation 3 and intensifying competition with Microsoft (MSFT) and Nintendo were the precipitating factors in our Oct. 20, 2006, outlook revision. EMI's underperformance, ongoing restructuring, high annual dividends, and limited prospects for leverage reduction prompted a negative outlook at the time of the Oct. 30, 2006, one-notch downgrade. The negative outlook on Bertelsmann reflects the weakening of credit measures after the company's buyout of a 25.1% minority stake held by Belgian investment firm Groupe Bruxelles Lambert and our expectation that debt leverage will remain high for the rating through 2006. Here is a rundown of our views on the major music players (ratings information as of Jan. 9, 2007): Sony Rating: A- Outlook: Negative We will lower the rating if Sony's earnings and cash flow fall below its expectations and net debt to capital deteriorates by more than 10% in fiscal 2006, or if earnings appear unlikely to begin improving in fiscal 2007 and cash flow remains in the red. Bertelsmann Rating: BBB+ Outlook: Negative The negative outlook reflects weaker debt-protection metrics after the buyout of Groupe Bruxelles Lambert, and debt levels that we expect will stay high. We could lower the ratings because of weaker-than-expected revenues and profits, or if the company undertakes further acquisitions before gaining more financial flexibility. Bertelsmann owns 50% of Sony BMG Music Entertainment, the combination of its music operations and Sony's. Vivendi Rating: BBB Outlook: Stable We see limited potential for a rating or outlook change if Vivendi continues to deliver sound operating performances while maintaining its current financial profile. Although the company is the world's largest seller of recorded music, it also has substantial European operations in wireless telephony and pay TV. EMI Group Rating: BB Outlook: Negative The negative outlook reflects our concerns about EMI's ability to further improve its stretched financial profile in challenging market conditions. Recent free cash flow generation has been limited, and dividends are relatively high, constraining the scope for debt reduction. We could lower ratings if prospects for a material improvement recede further. Warner Music Group Rating: BB- Outlook: Stable We expect the company to generate healthy discretionary cash flow over the intermediate term and to maintain its current credit profile, despite a challenging market environment. We could revise the outlook to negative if CD sales erode more quickly than expected, digital migration pressures margins, or discretionary cash flow deteriorates. Standard & Poor's credit analyst Heather Goodchild, senior features editor Robert McNatt, and senior research assistant Paul Merwin contributed to this article. http://businessweek.com/investor/con...111_817935.htm ![]() Video Games, Rock 'N' Roll Find Common Beat Misunderstood in the mainstream, scorned by parents and politicians and embraced by youth, video games are the rock 'n' roll of this generation and are locked in an increasingly tight embrace with U.S. musicians. From music-focused games like Dance Dance Revolution and Guitar Hero to sports titles with star-packed sound tracks such as NBA 2K7, music is playing an increasingly bigger role in U.S. video games and, artists agree, offering an important new way to connect with fans. "To be featured in a video game is probably the greatest way to reach a large audience right now," said Panic Channel guitarist Dave Navarro, formerly of alternative rock bands Jane's Addiction and the Red Hot Chili Peppers. "They get to discover the music through the game, whereas you have corporate radio, MTV and VH1 shoving what they think is valuable down everybody's throat, and nobody else really gets a shot," Navarro told Reuters at the Los Angeles launch of Guitar Hero II in November. That game comes with a downsized guitar controller and a playlist that includes "Stop" from Jane's Addiction and Lynyrd Skynyrd's classic "Free Bird." When players hit the right notes, they rack up points and progress from a garage to the ultimate giant stadium venue. Guitar Hero was a surprise holiday hit in 2005, and last month Guitar Hero II sold more than 800,000 copies in the United States, landing behind No. 1 title Gears of War. Music and dance games, in the 11 months ended November, rang up U.S. sales of $153 million--only a fraction of the $4.7 billion total sales for handhelds and consoles, according to research firm NPD. The genre, however, is growing rapidly, with sales up 80 percent from a year earlier, NPD said. Dance Dance Revolution debuted in Japanese arcades in 1998 and on video game consoles in 1999. It has since become a cult favorite at home and abroad. In the early days, said Jason Enos, senior product manager for Konami's Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) and Karaoke Revolution series, labels and musicians weren't chomping at the bit to get in the game. That has since changed, as DDR's global unit sales hover around 10 million--not including arcade games. "People get it now," Enos said. "Compared with other games, DDR and music games offer the label and the artist a much stronger chance at influencing the gamer to buy that music." Games get a good rap U.S. hip hop artists have long understood the promotional value of video games. Chris "Ludacris" Bridges was the first rapper to have his music featured on a game sound track when he introduced his song Get Off Me in Electronic Art's popular football game Madden NFL 2000. He has since appeared in other games, including EA's 2003 title, Def Jam Vendetta and Midway Games' NBA Ballers: Phenom from last year. San Francisco hip hop producer Dan "The Automator" Nakamura scored the sound track for Take-Two Interactive Software's 2006 basketball title, NBA 2K7, which featured Mos Def, E-40, A Tribe Called Quest and others. Nakamura said the project gave him the opportunity "to not work with the regular music label system, which is so screwed up right now. You can do the kind of record you want to get done and know it will reach a different audience." While most video game music deals in the United States involve licensing, game publishers working with Hollywood-size budgets are also hiring well-known composers, said James Mielke, executive editor of Ziff Davis Media gaming site 1UP.com. Tommy Tallarico, whose video game credits include Spy Hunter 2 and Wild 9, is one of the most successful North American video game composers. Still, his celebrity pales in comparison to Japan's Nobuo Uematsu, known as the video game industry's John Williams--the Academy Award-winning U.S. composer whose work included sound tracks for the Star Wars and Harry Potter blockbuster movies. Uematsu composed all the music scores in versions one through nine of the famed Final Fantasy series and was listed as a co-composer for the first time in Final Fantasy X, according to the Internet Movie Database. The ties between game makers and musicians are much deeper in Japan, where video games have a significant cultural impact. "There's a lot more collaboration in Japan," said Mielke, who said that such work has not gone without notice in the United States, where music-steeped Japanese games such as Lumines II and Every Extend Extra have gained a following. Final Fantasy music concerts are popular in Japan and Uematsu scored the first U.S. Final Fantasy symphony concert in 2004 in Los Angeles. He brought the house down. "You would have thought that the Beatles had shown up," Mielke said. http://today.reuters.com/business/ne...yID=nN12280447 ![]() Indie Rock’s Patron Saint Inspires a New Flock Will Hermes WEARING a striped sports jacket and very sharp blue suede shoes, David Byrne stepped into an elevator at 32 East 57th Street in Manhattan last October. He was on his way to the Pace/MacGill Gallery for the opening of his art show “Furnishing the Self — Upholstering the Soul.” Mr. Byrne was alone and running a bit late; the reception had begun a half-hour ago. “Anybody up there?” he asked cheerily. Of course there was. There was a healthy crowd: a mix of what looked like well-heeled uptowners, scruffy Brooklyn bohemians and clean-scrubbed Asian art students. But those who still saw Mr. Byrne as the singer from Talking Heads, who came to catch a glimpse of a real live rock star, were surely surprised by the modesty of the event. And anyone might have been surprised by the artwork itself: simple, whimsical studies of chairs, either drawn with ink on paper, embroidered on framed furniture upholstery or constructed from odd materials, including a steel file cabinet, old encyclopedias and uncooked macaroni. Yet the show (which has closed, but is documented at davidbyrne.com) was consistent with the idiosyncratic tone of Mr. Byrne’s whole post-Talking Heads career, which has balanced playfulness and erudition with a dollop of disorientation. He has been an author and photographer (the book “Strange Rituals”), a film director (the documentary “Ilé Aiyé” and the feature film “True Stories”), a television host (the sadly defunct PBS performance series “Sessions at West 54th”), a PowerPoint programmer (the DVD/book “E.E.E.I. (Envisioning Emotional Epistemological Information),” which documents his attempt to recast the Microsoft presentation software as an art medium), a record producer, a soundtrack composer. These days this 54-year-old polymath has been particularly busy. He is the curator of the 2007 Perspectives series at Carnegie Hall, which next month will feature a program of experimental folk music (including Vashti Bunyan, Devendra Banhart, Vetiver, Adem, Cibelle and CocoRosie) and a multi-artist concert based on the conceit of a single drone note. It will also include two nights of Mr. Byrne’s work: a performance of music from “The Knee Plays,” his 1985 theatrical collaboration with Robert Wilson, and a preview of “Here Lies Love,” his new multimedia song cycle based on the life and reign of Imelda Marcos, the former first lady of the Philippines. If that seems an unlikely subject, well, consider the fact that Mr. Byrne, like Ms. Marcos, clearly appreciates a good pair of shoes. “Hush Puppies came out with all these wild colors like seven, eight years ago,” he said after his opening, referring to his turquoise footwear. “I thought: ‘Who the hell is going to buy these? They look like they’re for some Vegas singer.’ I figured they wouldn’t be around long, so I got those and a yellow pair and a lime-green pair.” Perhaps more surprising is that while Mr. Byrne has been busy being a curator, sculpturing, drawing, mounting theatrical pieces about deposed foreign leaders and buying shoes, he has also become, without fanfare or Talking Heads reunion tours, perhaps the single greatest influence on the current generation of indie rockers. Four of the most hotly anticipated CDs of 2007 — by the Arcade Fire, LCD Soundsystem, !!! and Clap Your Hands Say Yeah — are coming from bands that, each in its individual way, show a clear stylistic debt to Mr. Byrne and his old group. Mr. Byrne spoke recently over a late- afternoon coffee at his studio near Chinatown, sitting at a wooden farm table under a row of windows overlooking Broome Street. The walls of the loft space (a former sweatshop, he noted) are lined with book and CD shelves, or hung with curious objects, including a painting by the Rev. Howard Finster (who illustrated the cover of the Talking Heads album “Little Creatures”) and a pair of banners salvaged from a Mason hall. Once the archetypal nerve-racked data-age persona (his famously uncomfortable 1983 Letterman interview is on YouTube, if you need a reminder), Mr. Byrne is today much more mellow. He seems comfortable in his skin, chatty and quick to laugh; his conversation ranges energetically from computerized embroidery machines to a recent visit to a neuroscience lab in Canada with his pals from the Arcade Fire. (“We didn’t get a chance to get into the M.R.I. machines,” he said, “but we had a lot of fun.”) He has even become a blogger, and a self-disclosing one at that. “I was a peculiar young man,” he wrote in a reflective entry last April. “Borderline Asperger’s, I would guess.” Lately Mr. Byrne has also been creating book-art projects with the writer and graphic designer Dave Eggers. The most recent is “Arboretum,” a reproduced sketchbook of curious free-associative riffs in the form of evolutionary trees and Venn diagrams that he prefaced with a series of questions: “What are these drawings? Why did I do them? Will they be of interest to anyone else? Of any use? Do they need to be useful?” Here’s another question: Why so many media? “Some are better for saying a particular thing than others,” Mr. Byrne explained. “I think it’s also part of that punk do-it-yourself attitude, of being like: ‘Well, I don’t care that I’m not an expert in this. I know my limitations, but I think I can express what I want to express within those limitations.’ You know — like I may only know three chords, but that’s all I need.” Mr. Byrne knows far more than three chords. And having attended, albeit briefly, the Rhode Island School of Design, he is not a fine-art naïf. But his can-do attitude appeals to young musicians, who understand that music careers now often involve Web design, blogging and filmmaking. So does his reputation for forward thinking, as on last year’s Web-enhanced reissue of “My Life in the Bush of Ghosts,” his 1981 collage-funk collaboration with Brian Eno, and his more recent solo work. “He’s just kind of pursued what he finds interesting and hasn’t been specifically chasing after an audience, and I have a lot of respect for that,” said Win Butler of the Arcade Fire. That band has performed with Mr. Byrne on various occasions, and its cover of Talking Heads’ “This Must Be the Place (Naïve Melody)” is a blogosphere favorite. “I don’t think of him as a pop star, really. He’s like a scientist, or a professor.” Mr. Byrne appreciates being acknowledged by younger musicians, but he doesn’t seem nostalgic for the days when he was one himself. He likes the tributes best, he said, when they come from bands that “don’t sound anything like me, or Talking Heads.” Relations between Mr. Byrne and his former bandmates are famously strained, although they did manage to reunite for a few songs at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony in 2002. Mr. Byrne’s attitude seems best expressed in a short essay included in “Once in a Lifetime,” one of two extravagant Heads CD retrospectives released in the last few years. Addressing himself and his music in the third person (something he does in conversation too), he noted that he was “just not the same person” who created his early work, and that he “can’t go to that place anymore.” Progress and evolution are more important, he wrote, at any cost. Yet his latest musical project may capture the musical kinetics of Talking Heads better than anything Mr. Byrne has done since the band broke up in 1991. “Here Lies Love” was inspired by Imelda Marcos’s love of disco, so great that she installed a dance floor, complete with mirror ball, on the roof of the presidential palace in Manila. The work in progress was conceived for performance in a dance club, with an audience doing what one generally does in such places. (If the Carnegie Hall crowd needs to boogie at the Feb. 3 concert, perhaps the ushers will understand.) Mr. Byrne, who was born in Scotland and raised in Baltimore and has traveled widely, says he was attracted to Ms. Marcos’s story in part as a way to understand the inner workings of dictators, always a timely endeavor. “How do they justify — how does anyone justify — what might seem to be atrocious behavior?” he recalled wondering. In this case, he thought, maybe “dance music could be some sort of link: the way people sort of lose themselves at a rave or a club — maybe there’s something about it that connects to the feeling of somebody in power. Kind of a heady feeling, like you’re up in the clouds. And I thought maybe I could tell the story in that kind of setting. I thought that would be really neat.” Last February, at a rehearsal space amid the art galleries on West 26th Street, he prepared the “Here Lies Love” material for its world premiere, which took place in March at the Adelaide Bank Festival of Arts in Australia. Two Filipino singers flanked him on his right: Dana Diaz-Tutaan, who plays the Marcos role, and Ganda Suthivarakom, who plays Estrella Cumpas, the housekeeper-nanny who effectively raised Ms. Marcos. Dressed in a blue mechanic’s jumpsuit branded with the logo of Luaka Bop (his world music label), with his glasses perched low on his nose, Mr. Byrne played chucka-chucka chords on a blond Fender guitar. Above the musicians — the keyboardist Tim Regusis, the bassist Paul Frazier, the drummer Graham Hawthorne and the percussionist Mauro Refosco — the video designer Peter Norman projected remarkable clips from the Marcos era: Imelda dancing with Gerald R. Ford, dining with Donald Trump, kibitzing with Richard M. Nixon and George P. Shultz. Some scenes read as vaguely comic; others were genuinely disturbing, like a segment capturing hardscrabble street life in Manila. The songs conjured New York disco-rock of the ’70s and ’80s: a fusion that Talking Heads spearheaded, of course, and that is currently undergoing a revival. But the sound is not simply Heads redux. For one thing, much of the material is sung by the female vocalists, not Mr. Byrne. Furthermore, his (absent) collaborator on the project is the D.J. Norman Cook, a k a Fatboy Slim, who seemed to have added modern heft and a techno sheen to some of the beats. Another sign of Mr. Byrne’s constant forward motion is his voracious appetite for new music. He’s a regular visitor to the annual South by Southwest music festival Austin, Tex., where he will be a featured speaker in March. And any concertgoer in New York City is apt to spot him regularly, hanging out near the back of a room, generally without an entourage, his shock of near-white hair adding a few inches to his already impressive height. Last year he could be spotted sipping white wine in the lobby of Town Hall before a Cat Power performance, applauding the debut of Gnarls Barkley at Webster Hall and cheering the Brazilian funk artist Otto (who appears on a forthcoming Luaka Bop compilation) at Joe’s Pub. “He really keeps his finger on the pulse,” said Ms. Diaz-Tutaan, whom Mr. Byrne became interested in after hearing the CD her band, Apsci, recorded for the tiny progressive hip-hop label Quannum. “That’s really inspiring to me — that this guy who has been around for such a long time and has been one of my musical influences is keeping up with things on a more underground level. He’ll just ride his bike to a venue, go in, check out the band and ride home.” Mr. Byrne doesn’t seem to think there’s anything particularly remarkable about it. “Sure, I go out a lot,” he said. “I’m in New York, and I’m a music fan. But sometimes I go out to these shows and I go ‘Where are my peers?,’ you know? Where are the musicians from my generation, or the generation after mine? Don’t they go out to hear music? Do they just stay home? Are they doing drugs? What’s going on?” He laughed and shook his head. “Or maybe they’re just not interested anymore. They’re watching ‘Desperate Housewives.’ ” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/14/ar...ic/14herm.html ![]() The Turntables That Transform Vinyl Anne Eisenberg LONG-PLAYING records are gathering dust in the homes of many music lovers, who hope to hear their contents one day on a CD player or iPod. Now, an updated version of another audio relic, the phonographic turntable, may provide a fairly inexpensive way to do that. Two new consumer turntables on the market at $200 or less connect directly to computers to transfer cherished vinyl to MP3 files and CDs. The machines aren’t for audiophiles who have the skill to rig their own systems with special cables and preamplifiers. But they may offer a doable way for nontechies to thrill again to their favorite bit of analog Beethoven or Dylan. Learning how to use these systems takes time — up to three or even four hours. The turntable has to be assembled, and the LPs cleaned carefully to remove the dust of ages — two jobs that those over 30 might remember well. Then the recording software, which comes on a CD, takes about a half-hour to set up properly — or three times that if you skip the “frequently asked questions,” as I did, and then sheepishly return to them when you get stuck. The software requires some attention even after you learn its ways. For example, it can’t automatically detect the end of each track between two songs or movements of a symphony. You have to mark these spots yourself in the program before burning a CD or making an MP3 file. Still, once the learning curve is vanquished and the sounds of much-loved old recordings fill the air, you may wonder why you waited so long. One of the new turntables is called the Ion USB or, more formally, the iTTUSB ($199 list price, about $150 on the Web through a site like Amazon.com). Made by Ion Audio, it works with both PCs and Macs. This lightweight plastic turntable plugs directly into the USB port of computers; inside, it has a preamplifier to bolster the sound, which is digitized and then sent to the computer through the USB cable. When the Ion turntable is removed from its box, the rubber belt that drives the platter must be threaded into place, and the tone arm put together and balanced so that it produces just the right weight on the record. Be sure not to discard the Styrofoam blocks after you unpack the device: the tone arm and its counterweight are tucked within them. The software goes on next. The Ion uses a venerable and free program called Audacity, which can do many jobs — like eliminating some scratches on the recording. Installing it is easy, though a few instructions in the Audacity manual are in high geek, particularly those that guide you through changing the settings so the internal sound card on the computer will be used for playback rather than the turntable, which has no speakers. The frequently asked questions, downloadable at the Ion site, www.ion-audio.com/ittusb_FAQ.php, are invaluable here. One of the trickiest parts of the recording procedure is low-tech: cleaning the records. Unearth your old LP cleaning brush or buy a new one and carefully run it over the LP. And make sure that the turntable is on a level, relatively vibration-free surface. When you press “record,” you’ll see the digitized wave forms of the music traveling across the monitor and hear the audio version through the computer speakers or headphones. (Ion suggests trying a short section of an LP as a test.) If you are ambitious, you can edit the file, deleting some of the scratches, for instance. Once the recording is done, the album must be divided manually into tracks, by marking the beginning and end of each with the computer mouse. If you can’t tell from the wave forms where the break is — they drop off when there’s silence — you can always check by listening to the recording. In Audacity, each track is stored as a separate file; if you are making multiple tracks, you send each on its way as a .wav file to your hard disk. The manual was too geekish on this step, but the frequently asked questions explained it clearly. Once the files are on the hard drive, they can be burned quickly to a CD. The Ion will also convert 78-r.p.m. records, as well as cassette tapes. Another new turntable, Audio-Technica’s LP2Da ($170 to $199) works with PCs but not with Macs. And it has a sturdy dust cover, unlike the coverless Ion. The Audio-Technica’s tone arm comes assembled and can be set to raise and lower itself from the turntable automatically The Audio-Technica model has a pre-amplifier, but no USB connection. It plugs into the computer the old-fashioned way: through an analog line input jack. That means that it won’t work with many laptops unless special hardware is bought, for laptops typically have a jack only for a microphone. THE accompanying software, Cakewalk Pyro, is easier to use than Audacity: burning a CD, for instance, requires only one click for the entire LP, while Audacity requires that you send along each track separately. And it includes software for converting .wav files to MP3 files; by contrast, Audacity requires users to download a free plug-in in order to do this. Ion users may soon have software that is easier to handle: in April, the company plans to replace Audacity with a program that detects tracks automatically and allows recording in MP3 format without a separate download. Buyers of the iTTUSB will be able to download the update at no charge. The company also plans to ship two models that are variations on the basic iTTUSB, both with dust covers. Of course, there are other ways to digitize old LPs. Commercial services will transfer them, typically for $15 to $50 each, depending on the number of extra services. TEAC makes an all-in-one machine that doesn’t require a separate computer to convert LPs to CDs ($400). It does some automatic tracking, although incompletely. To see how the new, inexpensive turntables sounded once they were set up, I invited a friend, George Basbas, a physicist, to bring over some of his treasured LPs. One was an old Columbia Masterworks album featuring the countertenor Russell Oberlin. We recorded it on the Audio-Technica turntable, burned a CD from the .wav files, then played both the CD and the LP on the stereo. We couldn’t tell for sure which was the LP and which was the CD, although many experts probably could. “Any digitization process imposes limits on quality,” said Mark Schubin, a media technology consultant in Manhattan. “Be prepared: it won’t sound the same as you heard it through your analog system when you were playing back the record.” But the new recording sounded good enough as we listened to Mr. Oberlin’s exquisite voice fill the room, ready to be taken along by CD or MP3 in the car or on a walk, freed after more than 50 years from its vinyl confinement. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/bu...y/21novel.html ![]() How to Hurt the RIAA aka Sony, Virgin, Philips, Warner Bros etc Digg is a site I look at regularly. It has its problems but it does show strong opinion on certain subjects and one of those is the RIAA. Its no secret that the RIAA has built a large amount of hatred among the Internet Savvy and beyong. Their aggresive tactics are becoming common knowledge and there appears to be no limit to how far they will take something. One thing that has been highlighted is a point made by the EFF whereby the idiots over at the big brand police RIAA say that even copying your CD and ripping it on to your IPOD or backing it up is not fair use. As by their usual standards this generates an anger amongst users as you can expect. Story aside I think its high time that the RIAA is not referenced by its name but rather by its members. The point here is that slagging off the RIAA has no effect and thats how they want it to be. It doesnt matter how many stories, user comments, discussion goes on, the RIAA only exists to take all of the abuse away from the brands it represents. Imagine how much it would hurt someone like Sony if each time a bad article, comment or story reached the masses it had the words representing Sony in the title. Enough of that would force a brand to leave the RIAA group because it was too damaging to their brand name. Consumers have power and all the tools are available to use right there in Digg with its big audience reach. Press the right buttons and those members will jump ship to prevent extremely costly damage to brands that have taken decades to build. http://www.headenergy.com/the-riaa-a...-bros-etc.html ![]() Wal-Mart Buying Ads at Illegal File-Sharing Networks? Brian White After reading this story, I was quite surprised that the world's largest retailer -- Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE:WMT) -- would really place banner ads and other types of Internet advertisements in close proximity to illegal computer file-sharing websites and so forth. The Pirate Bay is one of the world's largest purveyors of links to BitTorrent tracker files, which allow computer file traders worldwide to hook up with each other and trade anything in digital form -- movies, music, software, etc. In fact, the website has had numerous beefs with legal authorities worldwide as it continues to offer a central location for the connection between illegal file uploader and downloader. With all the traffic that The Pirate Bay receives, it would naturally be attractive for other illegal networkers and such to buy advertisements at the website. But Wal-Mart? Could the retailer really be trying to recruit customers from The Pirate Bay to its own website? Something sound fishy here. Alas, the retailer did not plant those ads itself, as they were placed there by Israeli ad agency Targetpoint, which -- according to its website -- "enables agencies and pay-per-click search engines ("PPSE") to expand their reach and present their ads in the most appropriate location." http://www.bloggingstocks.com/2007/0...ring-networks/ ![]() Google Takes a Pro File Sharing Stance Steve Donaldson With Google's recent investment in Chinese company Xunlei Network Technology Ltd, they have unequivocally taken a stance that is pro file sharing. Xunlei is the developer and creator of the Thunderbolt “Download Accelerator”, which in the style of GetRight or Flashget supports multi-source downloading and resumption if the transfer is interrupted. What hasn't been adequately reported are the details of what Thunderbolt in fact is, a P2P file sharing application or P2SP("S" for server). Xunlei is a web portal first, but also produces the widely used Chinese P2P application which now includes a new Google tool bar installation option during setup. Google search is now also a prominent option on the Xunlei.com portal. It’s probable that Google is hoping to crack the second biggest online search market, of which they are a small player, by leveraging the over 100 million users estimated to have downloaded Thunderbolt in China. After installing the Thunderbolt P2SP client, the end user is greeted with a fairly slick interface. Despite the animated advertising and banner ads, links to the latest media are prominent on the interface's main page. These links in the format “url=thunder://QUFodHR..../,” are reminiscent of BitTorent and include the typical meta data and a hash of the file in question. Right from the installation of Thunder, the purpose of the application is apparent. Upon opening of the Thunderbolt P2SP application the user is greeted with thumbnails of the latest releases in the right hand menu from which a couple of key presses will garner one a Thunder link to a file outright which is then automatically loaded into the Thunder client. The extent of the content available on the Thunder network is typical of most file-sharing networks; movies, music, applications and so on. The Thunderbolt application itself features a sharing aspect and utilizes web caches to aid in accelerating downloads. Other features include streaming video, ala YouTube-like video streams, integrated chat and a ratings feature as well as built-in media playing functionality. Once the end user gets over the animated advertising and browser pop ups inherent in the client, it actually functions rather efficiently. The impetus behind the client is to facilitate multi-source downloads to gain maximum download speeds within the underdeveloped Internet infrastructure currently in place in China. The current infrastructure closely resembles North America's dial-up heavy populous a decade ago - including the advertising model of pop ups and animated graphics, but with modern-day tools. In short, Xunlei, sponsored by Google, is acting much like a typical file sharing network; they are facilitating the aggregating and locating of material via their Thunderbolt application, then creating and releasing free of charge the application with which to download copyrighted content and acting as a tracker for others with the same file including the unauthorized use of web caches containing the file. Xunlei is much more than just a streaming video company - that is certain. http://www.slyck.com/story1378.html |
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Join Date: May 2001
Location: New England
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![]() ![]() "So you want us to give you all this stuff for free and people will use it on video? No, no, no. Let me tell you want I would like to do. I would like to put my head down on the desk, close my eyes, and when I count to 10 and look up, I want you both out of my office." – Mel Karmazin "Data's got to continuously move to stay alive; and it's got to be frequently accessed by a lot of people. Open source, publicly documented formats and software will be the long-term survivors." – Kurt Bollacker "Step by step, the government is logging details of every man, woman and child in 'Big Brother' computers." – Oliver Heald "Are you saying that you might object to the court giving us decisions that you’ve publicly announced? Are we a little Alice in Wonderland here?" – U.S. Senator Arlen Specter, R-PA "I'm blacklisted, man, a permanent menace to society, I guess. It's too bad because there are some things I think I could contribute." – Cap’n Crunch "In some ways it's become like a sporting event. There's baseball season, basketball season, football season and `American Idol' season." – Preston Beckman "Our shows hang in there OK. The other guys kind of get vaporized." – Kelly Kahl "I'm effete. I'm not a tough guy. This is all an act." – Bill O'Reilly "He seems like a nice enough guy." – Stephen Colbert "Movies sometimes matter, but few revolutions begin in a movie seat." – David Carr "A bullet was fired at freedom of thought and democratic life in Turkey." – Recep Tayyip Erdogan ![]() January 20th, '07 ![]() AT&T to Offer $20 'Naked' DSL Service Leslie Cauley Cheaper high-speed Internet service is coming. Within a few months, AT&T is expected to start charging $19.95 a month for "naked" DSL, meaning you don't have to buy any other AT&T (T) service, including phone, to get that rate. It currently charges $45 for a stand-alone broadband subscription. AT&T also is developing $10 DSL for new subscribers who also buy AT&T-branded phone service. AT&T plans to offer both services for at least 30 months. The clock starts as soon as the media giant starts selling them in any of the 22 states where it is the incumbent local phone company, including California, Florida, Illinois and Texas. Why so cheap? Three words: Federal Communications Commission. The FCC, which has broad regulatory control over the U.S. telecommunications industry, recently approved AT&T's acquisition of BellSouth. To get needed votes from the FCC's two Democratic members, AT&T agreed, reluctantly, to offer these DSL bargains. AT&T is required to roll out the $19.95 offer within one year and the $10 rate within six months. Gene Kimmelman, public policy director of Consumers Union, says he expects AT&T to move faster. Under the terms of the FCC agreement, AT&T is required to offer naked DSL for $19.95 in markets that are at least 80% upgraded for broadband. That describes many of AT&T's biggest markets, says Kimmelman, who helped negotiate the settlement. Under the deal, AT&T's cheap DSL products will clock in at 768 kilobits per second. While that's slower than the 1.5 to 3 megabits popular with many U.S. consumers, "it's more than good enough" for Internet telephony, Kimmelman says. As such, he thinks the twin offers could help spur sales of Internet telephony across the USA. "This opens the door for consumers" to pick other local and long-distance providers," Kimmelman says. For years, Kimmelman notes, consumers had to pay double, essentially, if they wanted to buy a high-speed broadband connection from one carrier and phone service from another. He says that let phone companies such as AT&T push broadband sales while preserving their core phone business, which still accounts for the bulk of profit. While AT&T, for example, charges $45 for naked DSL, it sells a bundle that includes phone and DSL for just $28 a month. Cable TV companies do the same thing. If purchased separately, Time Warner charges $45 a month for its high-speed cable modem service and $49.95 for digital phone. A bundle of both — plus TV service — costs $99. Comcast's service is among the priciest: It charges almost $58 a month for stand-alone broadband. Kimmelman, for one, thinks AT&T's new DSL pricing will help "discipline" broadband pricing. Once AT&T's $19.95 rate for naked DSL is broadly available, other broadband providers, including cable, "will be hard-pressed to keep hiding behind a higher price." http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/20...dsl-usat_x.htm ![]() AT&T Plans ‘Unity’ Strategy for Free Calls Laurie J. Flynn Only weeks after closing its deal for BellSouth, AT&T is embarking on an ambitious strategy to show customers the benefit of its owning 100 million phone lines. In an announcement expected Friday, AT&T will introduce AT&T Unity, a pricing package that allows its cellular customers to call any AT&T landline customer without incurring additional usage fees or using their wireless minutes. While AT&T wireless customers can already call each other free, the new plan will extend the program on a large scale to landline customers, enlarging what AT&T likes to call its “community.” “I think it’s a very significant development,” said Mark A. Winther, a telecommunications analyst with IDC, a technology consulting firm. “It’s taking the emphasis away from price and putting it on the value of being part of the community.” Mr. Winther said the package would probably appeal to high-volume customers, both in the consumer market and in small businesses, not to the shopper looking for the lowest monthly rate. The plans apply only to AT&T wireless packages starting at $59.99 for 900 anytime minutes a month. To subscribe to a AT&T Unity plan, a customer would need to have AT&T wireless service as well as a landline plan that offered unlimited local and long-distance service. AT&T’s unlimited local and long-distance landline service starts at $40 a month if bought online. The pricing plan comes weeks after AT&T closed its $85.8 billion acquisition of BellSouth, the largest telecommunications merger in history. With the merger, AT&T became the sole owner of Cingular Wireless, and on Monday the company dropped the Cingular brand in favor of the AT&T name. AT&T previously owned 60 percent of Cingular, and BellSouth owned 40 percent. The combined company offers wireless and landline service in 22 states. “This is the first of many products that are going to come out of the AT&T-BellSouth merger,” said Ralph de la Vega, group president of regional wireline operations for AT&T, of San Antonio. Mr. Winther said other carriers would probably try to respond with new bundling options, but that AT&T would have an advantage because of its large coverage area. Other wireless carriers, like T-Mobile with its myFaves option, already allow customers to call landline numbers free, but those are typically restricted to a handful of designated numbers. AT&T’s strategy is a logical step in telecommunications marketing, Mr. Winther said, following on the popularity of bundled packages that combine phone, broadband and cable services on one bill. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/business/19phone.html ![]() Verizon to Spin off Some Assets for $2.7 Billion Marguerite Reardon Verizon Communications plans to spin off part of its telephone and DSL business in rural parts of the New England and combine it with independent phone company FairPoint Communications in a deal worth $2.7 billion. Verizon said Tuesday that it will create a separate business unit that will combine its local exchange businesses in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont with FairPoint's business. FairPoint executives will manage the former Verizon assets and employees. Verizon will own about 60 percent of the new company, and FairPoint will own the remaining 40 percent. The deal is expected to be finalized within a year, the companies said. The combined business will be the eighth-largest phone company in the U.S., serving approximately 1.6 million access lines, 234,000 high-speed data subscribers, and 600,000 long-distance customers, FairPoint said in a statement. The deal is expected to add value to Charlotte, N.C.-based FairPoint, which operates 31 local exchange companies in 18 states. As of September 30, 2006, the company had about 308,858 access lines. In the majority of the rural communities where FairPoint operates, it is the incumbent telephone provider, serving fewer than 2,500 access lines. Verizon's operations in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont that will be merged with FairPoint generated about $1.2 billion in revenue in the year that ended December 31, 2005. FairPoint said it also expects to generate $60 million to $75 million in annual cost savings when the operations are combined and fully integrated. The deal comes as Verizon has been aggressively expanding its fiber-to-the-home network, called Fios, to compete against service packages offered by cable companies. The new Fios network will enable Verizon to offer customers a so-called triple play package that includes high-speed data, telephone and TV services. The company expects to spend about $20 billion over the next few years to build the network. http://news.com.com/Verizon+to+spin+...3-6150373.html ![]() Once Given Up for Dead, Comcast Defies Its Obits Geraldine Fabrikant THREE years ago, with the cable television industry in the doldrums, the Comcast Corporation’s chairman, Brian L. Roberts, approached Mel Karmazin, then the president of Viacom, with a modest proposal: give Comcast the right to show programming from such Viacom properties as CBS and MTV on the cable company’s channels so it could have a leg up on its rivals. Mr. Roberts was accompanied by one of his senior managers and he vividly recalls Mr. Karmazin’s reaction. “He scrunched up his eyes, looked at us and said, ‘So you want us to give you all this stuff for free and people will use it on video?’ ” Mr. Roberts recalled with a laugh. “And we said, ‘Yes, that’s what we want.’ “No, no, no. Let me tell you want I would like to do,” Mr. Karmazin responded. “I would like to put my head down on the desk, close my eyes, and when I count to 10 and look up, I want you both out of my office.” Mr. Karmazin, who now runs Sirius Satellite Radio, confirmed the story. “We were a content company with valuable content, and every opportunity we had to charge for my content, I would do it,” he said. “It was not in my DNA to give away valuable content for free.” Even today, Mr. Roberts recalls Mr. Karmazin’s reaction as typical of those misguided souls who fail to realize that consumers increasingly have the ability to record and watch programs where and when they want. “A person who wants to watch ‘CSI’ or ‘Desperate Housewives’ when the programs are not on, they are going to do it anyway,” he observed. “As a content owner, you should want them to watch your show.” Brian Roberts has always conducted himself thus — with a straightforward, plain-spoken, that’s-the-way-the-world-works approach to his company, his customers and his competitors. Those qualities have stood Comcast in good stead as it emerges from a gloomy period in which (even though it was making scads of money, thank you) some analysts had written it off as a moribund, wire-bound behemoth doomed to be eclipsed by more nimble telecommunications concerns. Today, the entire cable business, and Comcast, the country’s largest cable company, are sitting pretty. Amid the scramble that will decide which companies provide consumers with the flood of new media, entertainment and communications services, cable suddenly looks to be the winner. Analysts now say cable operators are better positioned than their rivals. Until quite recently, however, that wasn’t a foregone conclusion because Wall Street — even discounting the myopia that often distorts its vision — had good cause to be pessimistic. On one side, satellite broadcasters like DirecTV and EchoStar Communications were stealing video customers by offering lower rates and other benefits. On the other, telephone companies, led by AT&T and Verizon Communications, were eager to use cash harvested from their shrinking land-line services to push into growth businesses like high-speed Internet access and video. Cable companies had to fend off these interlopers by investing heavily and continuously in expensive system upgrades to remain competitive. Critics worried that these costs would devour cash and profits, without any certainty of a return on the investments. “The telephone companies were out there all the time talking about how they were going to kill cable,” recalled Mr. Roberts, whose unsolicited bid for the Walt Disney Company in 2004 led many investors to conclude that even the strongest cable companies were worried about the future. Fortunately for Mr. Roberts and his shareholders, the Disney bid fell apart. Comcast continued to focus on its cable business: expanding revenue and increasing cash flow by offering digital cable, high-speed Internet access and, starting in 2005, digital telephone service. Money rolled in. Comcast’s cash flow per subscriber, a common industry measurement, has risen at least 10 percent a quarter for 25 consecutive quarters, Mr. Roberts said, and Wall Street has noticed. After falling 22 percent in 2005, Comcast’s stock rose more than 60 percent last year, and it has climbed an additional 5.4 percent so far this year. From an intraday low of $25.35 a little more than a year ago, the shares now trade at $44.61. Comcast is by far the industry leader, with 24 million cable subscribers, of whom 11 million also pay for high-speed Internet and 2.1 million also have telephone service. Smaller rivals are also getting a new measure of respect from investors. The board of Cablevision Systems, based in Bethpage, N.Y., rejected an $8.9 billion buyout offer from its founding family, the Dolans, just last week, saying the bid undervalued the company. Institutional investors, meanwhile, have been scooping up Comcast stock: Marsico Capital Management has acquired about 60 million shares, or 5.2 percent of the company, for example. Dodge & Cox funds of San Francisco has accumulated 109.5 million shares, and Geico, a subsidiary of Warren E. Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway, owns 11 million. Satellite services and telephone companies are still vigorously competing for cable’s subscribers, but cable companies, led by Comcast, have taken charge by using competitors’ new technology against them. They took advantage of the fact that it is easier to add phone service to cable systems than it is to deliver video over phone lines, and easier and cheaper to add video-on-demand to a cable system than for satellite services to make their signals interactive. Lo and behold, phone, pay-per-view and high-speed Internet revenue at Comcast have all been rising smartly. To maintain that pace, Comcast has aggressively expanded its video menu and now offers roughly 8,000 movies and television programs on demand. Most of that programming is (don’t read any further, Mr. Karmazin) free. Free, says Mr. Roberts, works. It persuades subscribers to try new things and encourages them to graduate to paid services. “If the consumer loves what we do, they will use it a lot and eventually they will pay for it,” he said. “We have seen a big increase in our pay-per-view business because people got in the habit of being able to watch programming on demand.” IN recent months, Comcast’s leaders have gone out of their way to reassure shareholders that they will remain focused on expanding and improving the cable business, and that their dreams of Disneyesque diversification are behind them. That approach was tested last November, when Comcast agreed to buy Disney’s 39.5 percent share of E Entertainment Television, a cable network, for $1.23 billion. Comcast’s stock fell on news of the deal, which gave the company full control of the network, although it did not rattle big investors like Tom Marsico, of Marsico Capital Management. “There had been an issue among shareholders about what Comcast would do with its cash flow,” he said in a telephone interview. “I don’t think they will make a significant acquisition. That is our impression.” Aryeh Bourkoff, a cable analyst at UBS Securities, said that Comcast faces some competitive factors, but that they are not meaningful enough to stop its growth this year. Not long ago, such confidence was in short supply. From 2002 through 2005, James Chanos, the short-seller who had presciently bet that Enron was in trouble long before Wall Street saw a problem, was quoted as being negative on Comcast’s stock. Mr. Chanos did not return phone calls seeking comment. Comcast shares did indeed slide, to as low as $18.64 in October 2002. But several big investors — including Chieftain Capital Management, Dodge & Cox and Geico — believed that the market was wrong. They did not see Comcast as seriously threatened by rivals or by its debt levels, and some urged it to buy back as much as 15 percent of its stock. Comcast has bought back 10 percent of its stock since the end of 2003, but it didn’t buy more because “they were scared,” said one investor, who still has a relationship with the company and spoke only on the condition he not be named. “They were too worried about the press and the stock price,” the investor added. After the failed $54 billion bid for Disney, some investors also believed that Mr. Roberts wanted “to keep his powder dry because he wanted to make another acquisition,” as the investor put it. Mr. Roberts shrugged off such backseat driving. “I am happy to be accused of being too conservative,” he said. “I would disagree with the argument that I wasn’t bullish. We bought AT&T Cable and spent $10 billion to buy back our stock.” Mr. Roberts also helped engineer a deal that gave Comcast access to MGM’s library, and teamed up with Time Warner Cable to buy Adelphia. The companies split up Adelphia’s customers and swapped some of their own systems to give them greater control in certain markets like south Florida and Los Angeles. Mr. Roberts’s confidence may seem unsurprising from a son of the company’s founder and scion of the family that still owns a controlling stake in it. As the only one of Ralph J. Roberts’s four children with an interest in cable, Brian was a natural successor to his father, who at 86 remains on the board and runs its executive and finance committees. As he has settled into the roles of chairman and chief executive, Brian Roberts has earned investors’ confidence. Compared with James L. Dolan of Cablevision Systems — whose public squabbles with his father, Charles F. Dolan, the company’s founder, have been extensively chronicled in the tabloids — Brian Roberts and his family appear singularly united. Ralph Roberts founded Comcast in Tupelo, Miss., in 1963. The elder Mr. Roberts, who began his career as a belt salesman, still comes to work four days a week and has his office next to his son’s. Brian Roberts says he often consults with his father. When the elder Mr. Roberts has advice to give, the son said, he is always discreet. “My father will say, ‘Have you thought about doing it this way?’ ” he said. That is not to say that Comcast is completely conflict-free. While its overall performance has been good for investors, there are caveats. Glass Lewis & Company, a research firm that advises institutional shareholders on governance issues, argues that Brian Roberts, his father and three other top managers were grossly overpaid in 2005. Altogether, the group reaped $84.9 million in salary, bonuses, other compensation and the value of restricted stock and stock-option grants, Glass Lewis said. It named Brian Roberts as the sixth-most-overpaid executive among companies in the Standard & Poor’s 500-stock index, with a compensation package valued at $24.9 million. Several investors said privately that they were particularly annoyed that Ralph Roberts continues to receive a lucrative pay package when he is no longer chairman. Glass Lewis valued his compensation at $18 million. In rebuttal, a Comcast executive vice president, David L. Cohen, said that more than half of Ralph Roberts’s compensation — $11.7 million — was in the form of a pension, life insurance and tax relief that the board agreed to pay him when he was still chief executive. Nearly $19 million of Brian Roberts’s compensation, he added, was performance-related pay based on growth in operating cash flow. While some shareholders grumble about executive pay, Brian Roberts has won praise for assembling a respected management team, led by Stephen B. Burke, whom he hired away from Disney in 1998. Mr. Burke’s skills as the operations chief complement Mr. Roberts’s talent for strategy, and Mr. Burke has shown no signs of chafing as Comcast’s No. 2. He might be following the example of his father, Daniel B. Burke, who served deftly as second-in-command at Capital Cities/ABC under Thomas S. Murphy. “I watched my dad for 30 years work with Tom,” Mr. Burke said. “I know they had a wonderful time and a wonderful relationship, and Brian is the same way with me.” The way Mr. Burke sees it, the cable business is like a layer cake: the bottom layer is TV, the next is high-speed data, and then come digital TV, telephone and, finally, commercials. “The bottom layer is growing maybe 4 or 5 percent a year,” he said. “If you want to be a company that grows 13 percent to 15 percent a year, you have to keep adding layers.” To keep the video layer competitive, Comcast has aggressively pursued video-on-demand, seeking to use free videos to entice customers to pay for more expensive digital video packages. It offers HBO’s older shows on-demand free, for example. Time Warner, which owns HBO, until recently charged $5 a month for HBO on-demand service on its cable systems and now offers it free. Other media companies are also skeptical of giving away premium programming, whatever the presumed payoff down the road. Of course, his company does not make its money by producing programs or movies; it earns a living by delivering them. But since that meeting, even some “content” companies have agreed to make their programs more widely available, often without charge. Just last month, CBS, which was spun off by Viacom in 2006, said it would no longer charge 99 cents every time a viewer wanted to watch an old program; now they are free. COMPETITION has still taken its toll at Comcast. “We had our satellite assault years ago and they took 10 percent of the business,” Mr. Burke said. “Now that has stabilized.” Today, there are more than 28 million satellite subscribers: 15.6 million for DirecTV and 13 million for EchoStar. Comcast, with its 24 million cable subscribers, is fighting for more. Two months ago, for example, it said it would offer some movies to its cable subscribers on the same day the DVD version arrives in stores, rather than 60 days later, as had been the custom. “This is the first time the studios have done this,” Mr. Roberts said, “and it is partly because they are worried about the death of DVDs. Our theory has always been that simultaneous release won’t hurt DVDs. You could go to Blockbuster and rent the film the same day.” Still, Comcast and other cable providers are in for a long fight with phone companies and satellite services. As the cable companies have branched into telephone service and other products, the phone companies and satellite services have cooperated to offer comparable “bundles.” The phone companies offer wireless service in their bundles, too. To counter, Comcast has struck a deal with Sprint to offer cellular service as part of a bigger package. However the race plays out, Comcast executives say, they think video delivered over high-speed cable will remain central to their business. “Technologies don’t just disappear,” Mr. Burke said. “Ten years from now, when you watch TV you will have a big screen and you will be watching through a big pipe in your house.” That pipe, or delivery system, “hopefully will be ours,” he added. Ken Belson contributed reporting. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/bu...rtner=homepage ![]() When Being a Verb is Not Enough: Google wants to be YOUR Internet Robert X. Cringely I spoke recently with an old friend who is a bandwidth broker. He buys and sells bandwidth on fiber-optic networks around the world. And he told me something that I found not completely surprising, but I certainly hadn't known: Google controls more network fiber than any other organization. This is not to say that Google OWNS all that fiber, just that they control it through agreements with network operators. I find two very interesting aspects to this story: 1) that Google has acquired -- or even needs to acquire -- so much bandwidth, and; 2) that they don't own it, since probably the cheapest way to pick up that volume of fiber would be to simply buy out any number of backbone providers like Level 3 Communications. Google loves secrecy. That they've been acquiring fiber assets hasn't been a secret, but the sheer volume of these acquisitions HAS been. Why? One thought is that it kept down the price since people didn't really know it was Google snatching up this stuff (they've done it under a number of different corporate names). But if price was the issue, then why hasn't Google just bought the companies that own the fiber? It made no sense until I scratched my head and thought a bit further, at which point it became obvious that Google wants to -- in its own way -- control the Internet. In fact, they probably control it already and we just haven't noticed. There are two aspects to this control issue, but let's take the legal one first. If Google bought a bunch of Internet backbone providers, such a move would of course get the attention of regulators from the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the two federal agencies charged with looking at large corporate mergers for signs of anti-competitive activity. But simply acquiring legal control of those same assets through leases and other long-term contracts doesn't trigger such an examination, though perhaps it should. By renting instead of buying, Google was able to acquire its fiber assets primarily in secret. The game was over before most of us even knew there WAS a game. The second aspect of this is the whole idea that the game is already over for control of the Internet. I touched on this concept back in 1998 when I wrote my first column about PayPal, which at the time had been offering its core service for less than a year and already had eight million members. I wrote then that PayPal had already won the Internet payments race, which time has since showed they had. PayPal's confidence was based on analysis of its own growth. Understanding the potential range of growth, looking at the rate of subscriber acceleration, and using second derivative analysis of these data, PayPal was pretty darned sure, even back in 1998, that its competitors at the time would never be able to catch up. Topix.net founder Rich Skrenta recently took a similar approach to argue that Google, like PayPal, has already won the game and represents to most users the face of the Internet. Skrenta (in this week's links) argues that Google's dominance of search and advertising is so profound that most competitors -- especially Yahoo -- would probably be better off NOT even attempting to compete and simply let Google handle search and advertising while Yahoo provides content. He's probably correct. Skrenta argues that even if services come along that are superior to Google's, in order to become dominant they'll have to overcome Google's brand recognition with users, which is almost impossible to do. So just being better than Google isn't enough. All this is prelude for understanding what Google intends to actually DO with all this technology, which I have only lately begun to figure out. I live in South Carolina, a state that I can argue qualifies as a technology backwater despite being the shrimp and grits capital of the world. Why, then, are the local business pages filled with stories about Google preparing to build massive data centers here? Google is apparently negotiating to build data centers in Goose Creek, a town not far from Charleston, where I live, in Columbia, the state capital, and a third location across the border in Georgia. To read the papers, Google might choose one or another of these locations, but according to people I have spoken with who are fairly close to the action, Google actually seems intent on building in all three locations. Why? Why would Google need two data centers in a state with only four million residents? Why would they need to buy 520 acres in a Goose Creek industrial park when that's probably 100 times as much land as any conceivable data center would require? Google is building a LOT of data centers. The company appears to be as attracted to cheap and reliable electric power as it is to population proximity. In Goose Creek they bought those 520 acres from the local state-owned electric utility, which probably answers the land question posed above. By buying out all the remaining building sites in an industrial park owned by an electric utility, Google guarantees itself a vast and uninterruptible supply of power, much as it has done in Oregon by building a data center next to a hydroelectric dam or back here again in Columbia by building near a nuclear power station. Of course this doesn't answer the question why Google needs so much capacity in the first place, but I have a theory on that. I think Google is building for a future they see but most of the rest of us don't. I'll go further and guess that Google is planning to build similar data centers in many states and that the two centers they are apparently preparing to build here in South Carolina are probably intended mainly to SERVE South Carolina. That's perhaps 100,000 servers for four million potential users or 40 users per server. What computing service could possibly require such resources? The answer is pretty simple. Google intends to take over most of the functions of existing fixed networks in our lives, notably telephone and cable television. The Internet as we know it is a shell game, with ISPs building their profits primarily on how many users they can have practically share the same Internet connection. Based on the idea that most users aren't on the net at the same time and even when they are online they are mainly between keystrokes and doing little or nothing when viewed on a per-millisecond basis, ISPs typically leverage the Internet bandwidth they have purchased by a factor of at least 20X and sometimes as much as 100X, which means that DSL line or cable modem that you think is delivering multi-megabits per second is really only guaranteeing you as much bandwidth as you could get with most dial-up accounts. This bandwidth leveraging hasn't been a problem to date, but it is about to become a huge problem as we all embrace Internet video. When we are all grabbing one to two hours of high-quality video per day off the net, there is no way the current network infrastructure will support that level of use. At that point we can accept that the Internet can't do what we are asking it to do OR we can find a way to make the Internet do what we are asking it to do. Enter Google and its many, many regional data centers to fill this gap. Looking at this problem from another angle, right now somewhat more than half of all Internet bandwidth is being used for BitTorrent traffic, which is mainly video. Yet if you surveyed your neighbors you'd find that few of them are BitTorrent users. Less than 5 percent of all Internet users are presently consuming more than 50 percent of all bandwidth. Broadband ISPs hate these super users and would like to find ways to isolate or otherwise reject them. It's BitTorrent -- not Yahoo or Google -- that has been the target of the anti-net neutrality trash talk from telcos and cable companies. But the fact is that rather than being an anomaly, these are simply early adopters and we'll all soon follow in their footsteps. And when that happens, there won't be enough bandwidth to support what we want to do from any centralized perspective. A single data center, no matter how large, won't be enough. Google is just the first large player to recognize this fact as their building program proves. It is becoming very obvious what will happen over the next two to three years. More and more of us will be downloading movies and television shows over the net and with that our usage patterns will change. Instead of using 1-3 gigabytes per month, as most broadband Internet users have in recent years, we'll go to 1-3 gigabytes per DAY -- a 30X increase that will place a huge backbone burden on ISPs. Those ISPs will be faced with the option of increasing their backbone connections by 30X, which would kill all profits, OR they could accept a peering arrangement with the local Google data center. Seeing Google as their only alternative to bankruptcy, the ISPs will all sign on, and in doing so will transfer most of their subscriber value to Google, which will act as a huge proxy server for the Internet. We won't know if we're accessing the Internet or Google and for all practical purposes it won't matter. Google will become our phone company, our cable company, our stereo system and our digital video recorder. Soon we won't be able to live without Google, which will have marginalized the ISPs and assumed most of the market capitalization of all the service providers it has undermined -- about $1 trillion in all -- which places today's $500 Google share price about eight times too low. It's a grand plan, but can Google pull it off? Yes they can. http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/2...19_001510.html ![]() Kucinich: Congress To Take On FCC FMQB Over the weekend, the National Conference for Media Reform was held in Memphis, TN, with a number of notable speakers on hand for the event. Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-OH) made an surprise appearance at the convention to announce that he would be heading up a new House subcommittee which will focus on issues surrounding the Federal Communications Commission. The Presidential candidate said that the committee would be holding "hearings to push media reform right at the center of Washington.” The Domestic Policy Subcommittee of the House Government Reform Committee was to be officially announced this week in Washington, D.C., but Kucinich opted to make the news public early. In addition to media ownership, the committee is expected to focus its attention on issues such as net neutrality and major telecommunications mergers. Also in consideration is the "Fairness Doctrine," which required broadcasters to present controversial topics in a fair and honest manner. It was enforced until it was eliminated in 1987. Kucinich said in his speech that "We know the media has become the servant of a very narrow corporate agenda" and added "we are now in a position to move a progressive agenda to where it is visible." FCC Commissioner Michael Copps was also on hand at the conference and took broadcasters to task for their current content, speaking of "too little news, too much baloney passed off as news. Too little quality entertainment, too many people eating bugs on reality TV. Too little local and regional music, too much brain-numbing national play-lists." Commissioner Jonathan Adelstein also spoke at the event. http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=333927 ![]() Big Media’s Crush on Social Networking Richard Siklos I WAS wandering around recently in Second Life, the much-ballyhooed online virtual world, and had a nice chat with one of its “residents.” But at the end of the talk he (or perhaps she; you never really know in these digital dioramas, where anyone can create an identity and just about anything else) asked if he could add me to his “friends” list and thereby keep tabs of my comings and goings in the online world. “Sure,” I replied, not because I was yearning to keep in touch but because it just struck me as rude to turn down such an invitation. Last week, a similar episode occurred in my real life, when I prepared to leave a meeting with someone I had never met before but really liked. This time, my host asked me if I was part of LinkedIn, a buzzy Web site intended to link people with similar business interests. The site has gained much attention in the tech industry: Business 2.0 magazine recently hailed it as “MySpace for grownups.” (MySpace, the social networking site owned by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation, is, of course, the ne plus ultra of such Web sites, where young and youngish people put all kinds of information about themselves online in search of friends, dates, music and whatever.) In the case of LinkedIn, I was privately relieved to be able to say that I had not yet joined, although I noticed that people kept asking me if I was a member. And, I must acknowledge that the invitation, like the one in Second Life, irked me on some level — though it was a nice gesture after one meeting. It struck me as far more personal than just exchanging business cards, yet less of a commitment than adding someone to your instant-message “buddy list.” Yet a tad forward nonetheless: like a three-cheek kiss from strangers on a distant shore. Don’t get me wrong. I like people, and interacting with so many of them is one of the great pleasures of my job. And, heck, all that journalists do all day long is call people who may not want to hear from them. But that said, I have always recoiled at the use of the word “network” as a verb. I wouldn’t want to join any social networking Web site that would want me as a member. You might say that I am into antisocial networking. I say this in full recognition of the rampaging popularity of social networks and the fact that big media companies — particularly the large club that still envies Mr. Murdoch’s snatching of MySpace in 2005 for what now looks like a knockdown price — have developed a full-bore teenage crush on these businesses. Social networking is a close cousin of the other obsession of the moment: user-generated content. Of course, there is a difference. User-generated content is basically anything someone puts on the Web that is not created for overtly commercial purposes; it is often in response to something professionally created, or is derivative of it. So, it could be a blog, a message board, a homemade video on YouTube, or a customer’s book review on Amazon.com. Social networking, on the other hand, is something potentially deeper — it represents a way to live one’s life online. In many ways, it is the two-dimensional version of what sites like Second Life aspire to be in 3-D: the digital you. And that ties to another earnestly overused term of art at the moment: engagement. Engagement basically refers to the amount of time people spend doing one thing — reading a magazine, watching a TV show — but also to the depth of their participation. Do they vote on “American Idol”? Flock to Disneyland? Go to the NBC Web site after “The Office” to watch deleted scenes? Or, now, do they integrate their favorite media into their digital personas? Sony, for instance, paid $65 million for a video-sharing site called Grouper.com and started a nifty service through which you can load your favorite clip from one of its movies — say, Jack Nicholson barking, “You can’t handle the truth” at Tom Cruise in “A Few Good Men” — onto your MySpace or Facebook page. Over the last few weeks, other media companies have accelerated their efforts in social networking. For example, the Hearst Corporation on Jan. 8 bought a small company called eCrush.com. And the Walt Disney Company, the CBS Corporation, Viacom and NBC have all been busy planning new social networking features for their various Web sites. Many of the ventures sound like logical extensions of existing media brands because, hey, media companies are all about attracting and keeping audiences and then figuring out ways to bring them closer to marketers. Hearst’s acquisition of eCrush and related Web sites fits nicely with a coming revamp of Cosmogirl.com, Teenmag.com and other online publications for teenagers. One of the sites it acquired, espinthebottle.com, is basically a flirting site for teenagers that vets its participants’ information before matching kids up, to keep the fun clean and safe. So far, the site has attracted more than 3.8 million “hotties” (its term). Chuck L. Cordray, the vice president for Hearst Magazines Digital, noted that part of the appeal of eCrush is that it is a stand-alone business that can also become a feature of other Hearst online ventures. “It’s a new way of fulfilling a mission magazines have fulfilled for some time, which is creating communities of interest,” Mr. Cordray said. What is striking about many of these mainstream media ventures into social networking is that they mirror the big debate over whether Internet surfers will continue to migrate to big portal sites like AOL and Yahoo or will use widely available tools to fashion their own customized Web lives. According to the online ratings firm ComScore Media Metrix, most of the Top 10 social networking sites as of December 2006 were still big portals like MySpace, Facebook, Yahoo Geocities, Lycos Tripod and AOL. Of course, if social networking soon becomes a popular feature of existing media brands’ Web efforts, its success will be measured by how much it drives traffic and revenue to existing brands, not just by whether it creates winning new ones. For now, NBC, like Disney, is placing most of its bets on integrating features like personalized pages into its existing Web sites rather than trying to build new destinations. IT can be a tricky business when audiences evolve from being consumers to members. For instance, the need to keep out the wrong element adds a new layer of complexity to the media mix. MySpace, which according to ComScore Media Metrix attracts more than one-third of the entire social networking audience in the United States, was sued last week by several families who accused it of negligence and recklessness; they said predators were introduced to their underage daughters on the site. MySpace denied any wrongdoing but has been working on ways to make the site safer. Know this: if you are part of the social networking wave, you will have all the “friends” you can handle. The invite is the new handshake. Get ready for a lot of opportunities to join all kinds of networks — and, one hopes, some appropriately Webby new way to politely say, “No, thank you.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/bu.../21frenzy.html ![]() Apple Profit Surges on iPod Sales Tech company results beat analyst estimates Apple Computer Inc. Wednesday beat market expectations by posting earnings that were more than triple its year-earlier results, boosted by sales of its popular iPod digital music players. For its third quarter ended June 26, Apple said it had net income of $61 million, or 16 cents a share, up from $19 million, or 5 cents a share, in the year-earlier period. Revenue rose 30 percent to $2.01 billion from $1.55 billion. Excluding 2 cents a share in restructuring charges, Apple said it had a profit of $67 million, or 17 cents a share. That exceeded the average 15 cents forecast by analysts polled by Reuters Estimates. Revenue also beat the average estimate of $1.94 billion. “It was an outstanding quarter — our highest third-quarter revenue in eight years,” said Apple’s chief executive Steve Jobs. “Our Mac-based revenue grew a healthy 19 percent, and our music-based revenue grew an incredible 162 percent.” Looking ahead, Apple said it expects to post revenues of $2.1 billion for the current quarter and earnings 16 to 17 cents per share, including a restructuring charge of 1 cent per share. Apple, based in Cupertino, Calif., said it shipped 876,000 Macintosh computers in the quarter, up 14 percent from a year earlier, and 860,000 iPods, up 183 percent. Apple shares jumped in extended hours trading, rising to $30.48, up from $29.58 at the Nasdaq close. Peter Oppenheimer, Apple’s chief financial officer, said sales of Macintosh computers, especially laptops, accounted for 58 percent of revenue growth. Demand for the new mini version of the popular iPod has been “staggering” in the United States and continues to far outstrip supply, Apple’s worldwide vice president of sales Tim Cook told analysts during a conference call. “Unprecedented” orders for European shipments, set to begin July 24, will mean continued backlogs probably through the end of the year. He said it was hard to predict when supply would catch up with demand. Earlier this week, Apple announced that 100 million songs had been sold at its iTunes Music Store — a milestone that took three months longer than the company had hoped but still a significant benchmark that proved Apple’s dominance in the online music market. The online music store eked out a “small profit” during the quarter, Oppenheimer said. Apple July 2 announced a delay in the release of the next-generation iMac until September, meaning the company will miss the important back-to-school season. The new iMac faces the same microprocessor supply problem from IBM that has already delayed Apple’s Power Mac G5 product shipments, Oppenheimer said. If the problems aren’t resolved, fourth-quarter results might change, he said. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5438562/ ![]() Intel’s Fight for Market Cuts Margins Laurie J. Flynn Intel reported yesterday that fourth-quarter profit fell 39 percent as the company continued to fight for market share and to absorb the high cost of its corporate overhaul. The company, the world’s largest chip maker and a closely watched indicator of the overall strength of the technology industry, reported slightly higher sales than Wall Street predicted, although they were still down 5 percent from the period last year. But on the critical measurement of gross profit margin, Intel clearly disappointed, indicating the price war with its smaller rival Advanced Micro Devices continued to take a toll. Intel projected that its gross profit margin would be about 49 percent during the first quarter of 2007, down from 49.6 percent during the fourth quarter of 2006. Intel estimated that gross profit margin would be only about 50 percent for all of 2007. That compares with a gross profit margin of 61.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005. “These results were clearly mixed,” said Adam Parker, an analyst with Sanford C. Bernstein & Company. “People wanted to see that gross margins had reached the bottom in the fourth quarter, but they didn’t.” The report was released after the market’s close yesterday, but investors reacted strongly to the forecast of a lower profit margin, sending shares of Intel down 88 cents, or nearly 4 percent, in after-hours trading. Earlier in the day, Intel shares rose 17 cents, to close at $22.30 in regular trading. Intel’s net income for the fourth quarter was $1.5 billion, or 26 cents a share, including the cost associated with stock option expenses. In last year’s fourth quarter, the last quarter in which it expensed stock options, Intel posted net income of $2.45 billion, or 40 cents a share. The company’s revenue declined 5 percent, to $9.69 billion, from $10.2 billion last year, at the top of the range of $9.1 billion to $9.7 billion the company had forecast. Analysts were expecting earnings of 25 cents a share on $9.44 billion in revenue, according to a survey of analysts by Thomson Financial. For 2006, Intel, which is based in Santa Clara, Calif., posted revenue of $35.4 billion, while its net income was $5 billion, or 86 cents a share. Closing what he called “a very tough pricing year,” Andy D. Bryant, Intel’s chief financial officer, indicated that Intel would continue to price aggressively this year. “We’re going to have to fight to win orders,” Mr. Bryant said in a conference call with analysts. The brightest spot for Intel was that it sold record numbers of its highest-priced microprocessors, those used in computer servers. Sales of those chips helped drive up Intel’s average selling price during a period in which Intel was continuing to cut prices on older products. Paul S. Otellini, Intel’s chief executive, described 2006 as a unique year in which the company introduced 40 new products. “We’ve never had that broad a base of new products all at once,” Mr. Otellini said in the conference call. Intel’s report of higher selling prices on server chips was in stark contrast to news from A.M.D. last week. That company, which is scheduled to issue its earnings report on Jan. 23, warned last week that its fourth-quarter revenue would miss Wall Street forecasts because of lower unit prices. A.M.D., based in Sunnyvale, Calif., said that it expected fourth-quarter revenue to be about $1.37 billion, or only about 3 percent above the third-quarter level. The news sent shares of A.M.D down $1.92, to $18.26, on Friday. Yesterday, A.M.D. shares declined 23 cents, or about 1 percent, in after-hours trading, after declining 13 cents, to close at $18.13, during the regular session. Intel said it was also facing the high cost of its transition to a major new manufacturing process, a transition that occurs roughly every two years. Mr. Bryant said the bulk of the costs of the manufacturing changes would occur in the first half of 2007. Looking ahead, Intel said first-quarter revenue would be $8.7 billion to $9.3 billion, in line with analysts’ forecast of $8.93 billion. Mr. Bryant declined to provide a full-year forecast. In September, the company announced a major revamping, including the elimination of 10,500 positions. Intel ended the fourth quarter with 94,100 employees, down more than 6,000 from the second quarter. Costs associated with layoffs decreased earnings by about 1.5 cents a share in the fourth quarter, the company said. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/17/te...gy/17chip.html ![]() HP Beats Moore's Law With New Chip Architecture Stan Beer A number type of nano-scale architecture developed in the research labs of Hewlett-Packard could beat Moore's Law and advance the progress of of microprocessor development three generations in one hit. The new architecture uses a design technique that will enable chip makers to pack eight times as many transistors as is currently possible on a standard 45nm field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. Currently, conventional FPGA chips use between 80 and 90% of their CMOS silicon for signal routing wires, leaving a relatively small amount for logic processing transistors. However, researchers Greg Snider and Stan Williams of HP Labs have developed a way to remove the signal routing wires from the silicon, leaving more room for logic processing transistors. The new technique uses an architecture called “field programmable nanowire interconnect (FPNI)” which replaces the current signal routing with a crossbar made up of super thin 15nm wires which sits on a layer above the silicon-based transistors to route the signals. The researchers, who have constructed tests using 17nm wires, say that using a cross bar with 15nm wires on FPNI architecture would enable eight times as many transistors to be housed on a 45nm chip without needing to shrink the size of the transistors. “The expense of fabricating chips is increasing dramatically with the demands of increasing manufacturing tolerances,” said Snider, senior architect, Quantum Science Research, HP Labs. “We believe this approach could increase the usable device density of FPGAs by a factor of eight, using tolerances that are no greater than those required of today’s devices.” What's more, the new architecture would use less power than chips today, say the researchers. According to the researchers, by 2020 using 4.5nm wires it should be possible to pack in the same amount of transistors in a space of just 4% of what is currently possible on a 45nm chip. http://www.itwire.com.au/content/view/8631/53/ ![]() Despite 100 Million IE 7 Installs, Microsoft's Browser Still Loses Ground Firefox's share of the U.S. browser market is at 14% and has continued to grow each of the last three months, says one research firm. Gregg Keizer Although Microsoft recently touted the 100 millionth installation of Internet Explorer 7, Web measurement firms said that the new browser is simply being swapped out for older editions and hasn't had an impact on Firefox's continued climb. "[As of] January 8th, we had the 100 millionth IE7 installation," said Tony Chor, an IE group program manager, in an entry on the team's blog. "Even more important than installations is usage. According to WebSideStory (the company we use to measure browser usage), as of this week, over 25% of all visitors to sites in the U.S. were using IE7, making IE7 the second most used browser after IE6. "We expect these numbers to continue to rise as we complete our final localized versions, scale up AU [Automatic Updates] distribution, and with the consumer availability of Windows Vista on January 30, 2007," Chor added. While Microsoft had the WebSideStory numbers correct, it didn't tell the whole story, says Geoff Johnston, an analyst with the Web metrics company. "[The growth of IE 7] seems to be exclusively at the expense of IE 6," says Johnston. "It's not eating into the Firefox share at all." Firefox's share of the U.S. browser market, says Johnston, is at 14%, and has continued to grow each of the last three months. "I thought that IE 7 might flatten Firefox's growth, but it's not taken a hit from IE 7. All the movement there has been internal, from IE 6 users upgrading," he says. Another Web metrics vendor, Net Applications, confirmed the switch to IE 7 in its most recent data, and also noted the continued slide of IE overall. According to Net Applications, Internet Explorer accounted for 79.6% of all browsers used in December 2006, a drop from the 80.6% during the previous month. Firefox's use, meanwhile, measured 14% in December, up from 13.5% in November. Also gaining ground in the last month of 2006 was Apple's Safari, which climbed to 4.2% from 4%, and Opera, which saw its share increase from 0.7% to 0.9%. Net Applications' data put IE 7's market share during December at 18.3%, up dramatically from November's 8.8%. But IE 6 lost more than IE 7 gained, dropping from 70.9% in November to 60.7% the next month. The gain in IE 7 is largely due to Microsoft pushing the new browser to end users via Windows' Automatic Updates setting, which is usually reserved for downloading and installing security fixes on PCs. Microsoft began issuing IE 7 to Windows XP users through Automatic Updates in early November as part of a controversial scheme to get the new browser in as many hands as possible as quickly as possible. In July, however, Microsoft posted a toolkit that lets users and enterprises indefinitely postpone IE 7's installation. The toolkit can be downloaded from the Microsoft Web site. The impact of the automatic upgrade was easy to see when compared with the much slower uptake of Firefox 2.0, the browser Mozilla introduced in October 2006. In the same month that IE 7 more than doubled (from 8.8% to 18.3%), Firefox 2.0's share only climbed from 3.6% to 5.2%, notes Net Applications. Firefox 1.5 still accounts for the majority of Firefox users. Mozilla has considered, and postponed, an automatic update from Firefox 1.5 to 2.0; the auto upgrade is now scheduled for sometime this month. Johnston wasn't confident that Microsoft would ever be able to make inroads on Firefox's growing share. "Once someone gets used to Firefox, especially its extensions, and unless they think IE 7 or IE 8 or whatever comes in the future is so much better, they're going to stay with Firefox," says Johnston. "Maybe Microsoft's met its match with Firefox. Maybe it just can't compete against open-source and the whole world [as developers]." http://www.informationweek.com/news/...leID=196901142 ![]() Investigation Follows Fatal Radio Station Contest Mother Of Three Died After Trying To Win Video Game System Officials continue to investigate after a Rancho Cordova woman died Friday following a water-drinking contest at a Sacramento radio station. The family of Jennifer Strange said she died after taking part in a competition at the office of KDND 107.9 The End in an attempt to win a Nintendo Wii video game system for her three children. Assistant Sacramento County coroner Ed Smith said a preliminary investigation found evidence consistent with water intoxication in the death. Strange was the runner-up in the contest that required drinking huge amounts of water in a short amount of time. Contest winner Lucy Davidson recalled how she and Strange both got ill after the contest. "After it was all over ... we both went into the bathroom and we were both sick," Davidson said. "She's throwing up. I'm throwing up. I mean, we just had too much." Davidson recovered from her illness. Strange was found dead at her Rancho Cordova home Friday afternoon. Water intoxication occurs when a person ingests too much water, causing organs and the brain to swell. On Monday, a DJ at the radio station came on the air, but there was no mention of the incident. John Geary, vice president for station parent company Entercom Sacramento, said he is "awaiting information that will help explain how this tragic event occurred." Meanwhile, Davidson expressed sadness about what happened. "It's so horrible," Davidson added. "You know, you don't think water is going to kill you." Contestants signed a waiver going into the contest and were allowed to leave at any time. http://www.kcra.com/news/10751005/de...0408&qs=1;bp=t ![]() 10 Fired From Radio Station After Death UPI Ten employees of KDND-FM, Sacramento, including five on-air personalities, have been fired after a station contest turned deadly. The employees, including the five hosts of The End 107.9's "Morning Rave" radio show, were let go Tuesday following the Friday death of Jennifer Lea Strange, a 28-year-old mother of three children, who drank two gallons of water in the station's "Hold Your Wee for a Wii" contest, The Sacramento Bee reported Wednesday. Strange's death in the contest, which offered a Wii video game system to the contestant who could drink the most water without urinating, was ruled by coroner's officials to be consistent with water intoxication. Strange came in second. Sacramento County Sheriff John McGinness said there do not appear to be grounds for a criminal investigation. "It's not as if she was somehow in their custody and they had a role to care for her," he said. "Rather, it was an invitation to a contest that was clearly ill-advised. She was exercising her free will. If there's anything to suggest a criminal act by anyone involved in this, we'd pick it up and run with it." http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/view.ph...7-105839-2256r ![]() Cops Looking Into Radio Stunt Death AP As participants in KDND-FM's water-drinking contest chugged bottle after bottle, a listener called in to warn the disc jockeys that the stunt could be fatal. "Yeah, we're aware of that," one of them responded. Another DJ said with a laugh: "Yeah, they signed releases, so we're not responsible. We're OK." Those comments, and others made during the Jan. 12 "Morning Rave" radio show, appeared to give little regard to the risk of water intoxication. But just hours after the contest, a woman who guzzled nearly two gallons was dead. On Wednesday, the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department launched a criminal investigation into the incident, and attorneys for the family of Jennifer Lea Strange said they plan to file a wrongful death lawsuit against the radio station. The county coroner said preliminary autopsy findings indicate Strange, a 28-year-old mother of three, died of water intoxication. Authorities decided to pursue the investigation after listening to a tape of the show, obtained by The Sacramento Bee, during which DJs joked about the possible dangers of consuming too much water, sheriff's spokesman Sgt. Tim Curran said. At one point, the DJs even alluded to a college student who died during a similar stunt in 2005. Strange was one of about 18 contestants who tried to win a Nintendo Wii gaming console by determining how much water they could drink without going to the bathroom. Several hours into the contest, Strange was interviewed on the air and complained that her head hurt. "They keep telling me that it's the water. That it will tell my head to hurt and then it will make me puke," she said. Eventually, Strange gave in and accepted the second-place prize: tickets to a Justin Timberlake concert. She commented that she looked pregnant, and a female DJ agreed. "Oh, my gosh, look at that belly. That's full of water. ... Come on over, Jennifer, you OK?" a male DJ asked. "You going to pass out right now? Too much water?" Several hours later, Strange was found dead in her home. On Tuesday, KDND's parent company, Entercom/Sacramento, fired 10 employees connected to the contest, including three morning disc jockeys. The company also took the morning show off the air. Station spokesman Charles Sipkins said Wednesday the company had not yet heard from the sheriff's department but that it would cooperate with the investigation. http://www.newstimeslive.com/news/story.php?id=1028996 ![]() Surveillance Military Is Expanding Its Intelligence Role in U.S. Eric Lichtblau and Mark Mazzetti The Pentagon has been using a little-known power to obtain banking and credit records of hundreds of Americans and others suspected of terrorism or espionage inside the United States, part of an aggressive expansion by the military into domestic intelligence gathering. The C.I.A. has also been issuing what are known as national security letters to gain access to financial records from American companies, though it has done so only rarely, intelligence officials say. Banks, credit card companies and other financial institutions receiving the letters usually have turned over documents voluntarily, allowing investigators to examine the financial assets and transactions of American military personnel and civilians, officials say. The F.B.I., the lead agency on domestic counterterrorism and espionage, has issued thousands of national security letters since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, provoking criticism and court challenges from civil liberties advocates who see them as unjustified intrusions into Americans’ private lives. But it was not previously known, even to some senior counterterrorism officials, that the Pentagon and the Central Intelligence Agency have been using their own “noncompulsory” versions of the letters. Congress has rejected several attempts by the two agencies since 2001 for authority to issue mandatory letters, in part because of concerns about the dangers of expanding their role in domestic spying. The military and the C.I.A. have long been restricted in their domestic intelligence operations, and both are barred from conducting traditional domestic law enforcement work. The C.I.A.’s role within the United States has been largely limited to recruiting people to spy on foreign countries. Carl Kropf, a spokesman for the director of national intelligence, said intelligence agencies like the C.I.A. used the letters on only a “limited basis.” Pentagon officials defended the letters as valuable tools and said they were part of a broader strategy since the Sept. 11 attacks to use more aggressive intelligence-gathering tactics — a priority of former Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld. The letters “provide tremendous leads to follow and often with which to corroborate other evidence in the context of counterespionage and counterterrorism,” said Maj. Patrick Ryder, a Pentagon spokesman. Government lawyers say the legal authority for the Pentagon and the C.I.A. to use national security letters in gathering domestic records dates back nearly three decades and, by their reading, was strengthened by the antiterrorism law known as the USA Patriot Act. Pentagon officials said they used the letters to follow up on a variety of intelligence tips or leads. While they would not provide details about specific cases, military intelligence officials with knowledge of them said the military had issued the letters to collect financial records regarding a government contractor with unexplained wealth, for example, and a chaplain at Guantánamo Bay erroneously suspected of aiding prisoners at the facility. Usually, the financial documents collected through the letters do not establish any links to espionage or terrorism and have seldom led to criminal charges, military officials say. Instead, the letters often help eliminate suspects. “We may find out this person has unexplained wealth for reasons that have nothing to do with being a spy, in which case we’re out of it,” said Thomas A. Gandy, a senior Army counterintelligence official. But even when the initial suspicions are unproven, the documents have intelligence value, military officials say. In the next year, they plan to incorporate the records into a database at the Counterintelligence Field Activity office at the Pentagon to track possible threats against the military, Pentagon officials said. Like others interviewed, they would speak only on the condition of anonymity. Military intelligence officers have sent letters in up to 500 investigations over the last five years, two officials estimated. The number of letters is likely to be well into the thousands, the officials said, because a single case often generates letters to multiple financial institutions. For its part, the C.I.A. issues a handful of national security letters each year, agency officials said. Congressional officials said members of the House and Senate Intelligence Committees had been briefed on the use of the letters by the military and the C.I.A. Some national security experts and civil liberties advocates are troubled by the C.I.A. and military taking on domestic intelligence activities, particularly in light of recent disclosures that the Counterintelligence Field Activity office had maintained files on Iraq war protesters in the United States in violation of the military’s own guidelines. Some experts say the Pentagon has adopted an overly expansive view of its domestic role under the guise of “force protection,” or efforts to guard military installations. “There’s a strong tradition of not using our military for domestic law enforcement,” said Elizabeth Rindskopf Parker, a former general counsel at both the National Security Agency and the C.I.A. who is the dean at the McGeorge School of Law at the University of the Pacific. “They’re moving into territory where historically they have not been authorized or presumed to be operating.” Similarly, John Radsan, an assistant general counsel at the C.I.A. from 2002 to 2004 and now a law professor at William Mitchell College of Law in St. Paul, said, “The C.I.A. is not supposed to have any law enforcement powers, or internal security functions, so if they’ve been issuing their own national security letters, they better be able to explain how they don’t cross the line.” The Pentagon’s expanded intelligence-gathering role, in particular, has created occasional conflicts with other federal agencies. Pentagon efforts to post American military officers at embassies overseas to gather intelligence for counterterrorism operations or future war plans has rankled some State Department and C.I.A. officials, who see the military teams as duplicating and potentially interfering with the intelligence agency. In the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has complained about military officials dealing directly with local police — rather than through the bureau — for assistance in responding to possible terrorist threats against a military base. F.B.I. officials say the threats have often turned out to be uncorroborated and, at times, have stirred needless anxiety. The military’s frequent use of national security letters has sometimes caused concerns from the businesses receiving them, a counterterrorism official said. Lawyers at financial institutions, which routinely provide records to the F.B.I. in law enforcement investigations, have contacted bureau officials to say they were confused by the scope of the military’s requests and whether they were obligated to turn the records over, the official said. Companies are not eager to turn over sensitive financial data about customers to the government, the official said, “so the more this is done, and the more poorly it’s done, the more pushback there is for the F.B.I.” The bureau has frequently relied on the letters in recent years to gather telephone and Internet logs, financial information and other records in terrorism investigations, serving more than 9,000 letters in 2005, according to a Justice Department tally. As an investigative tool, the letters present relatively few hurdles; they can be authorized by supervisors rather than a court. Passage of the Patriot Act in October 2001 lowered the standard for issuing the letters, requiring only that the documents sought be “relevant” to an investigation and allowing records requests for more peripheral figures, not just targets of an inquiry. Some Democrats have accused the F.B.I. of using the letters for fishing expeditions, and the American Civil Liberties Union won court challenges in two cases, one for library records in Connecticut and the other for Internet records in Manhattan. Concerned about possible abuses, Congress imposed new safeguards in extending the Patriot Act last year, in part by making clear that recipients of national security letters could contact a lawyer and seek court review. Congress also directed the Justice Department inspector general to study the F.B.I.’s use of the letters, a review that is continuing. Unlike the F.B.I., the military and the C.I.A. do not have wide-ranging authority to seek records on Americans in intelligence investigations. But the expanded use of national security letters has allowed the Pentagon and the intelligence agency to collect records on their own. Sometimes, military or C.I.A. officials work with the F.B.I. to seek records, as occurred with an American translator who had worked for the military in Iraq and was suspected of having ties to insurgents. After the Sept. 11 attacks, Mr. Rumsfeld directed military lawyers and intelligence officials to examine their legal authorities to collect intelligence both inside the United States and abroad. They concluded that the Pentagon had “way more” legal tools than it had been using, a senior Defense Department official said. Military officials say the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978, which establishes procedures for government access to sensitive banking data, first authorized them to issue national security letters. The military had used the letters sporadically for years, officials say, but the pace accelerated in late 2001, when lawyers and intelligence officials concluded that the Patriot Act strengthened their ability to use the letters to seek financial records on a voluntary basis and to issue mandatory letters to obtain credit ratings, the officials said. The Patriot Act does not specifically mention military intelligence or C.I.A. officials in connection with the national security letters. Some F.B.I. officials said they were surprised by the Pentagon’s interpretation of the law when military officials first informed them of it. “It was a very broad reading of the law,” a former counterterrorism official said. While the letters typically have been used to trace the financial transactions of military personnel, they also have been used to investigate civilian contractors and people with no military ties who may pose a threat to the military, officials said. Military officials say they regard the letters as one of the least intrusive means to gather evidence. When a full investigation is opened, one official said, it has now become “standard practice” to issue such letters. One prominent case in which letters were used to obtain financial records, according to two military officials, was that of a Muslim chaplain at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, who was suspected in 2003 of aiding terror suspects imprisoned at the facility. The espionage case against the chaplain, James J. Yee, soon collapsed. Eugene Fidell, a defense lawyer for the former chaplain and a military law expert, said he was unaware that military investigators may have used national security letters to obtain financial information about Mr. Yee, nor was he aware that the military had ever claimed the authority to issue the letters. Mr. Fidell said he found the practice “disturbing,” in part because the military does not have the same checks and balances when it comes to Americans’ civil rights as does the F.B.I. “Where is the accountability?” he asked. “That’s the evil of it — it doesn’t leave fingerprints.” Even when a case is closed, military officials said they generally maintain the records for years because they may be relevant to future intelligence inquiries. Officials at the Pentagon’s counterintelligence unit say they plan to incorporate those records into a database, called Portico, on intelligence leads. The financial documents will not be widely disseminated, but limited to investigators, an intelligence official said. “You don’t want to destroy something only to find out that the same guy comes up in another report and you don’t know that he was investigated before,” the official said. The Counterintelligence Field Activity office, created in 2002 to better coordinate the military’s efforts to combat foreign intelligence services, has drawn criticism for some domestic intelligence activities. The agency houses an antiterrorist database of intelligence tips and threat reports, known as Talon, which had been collecting information on antiwar planning meetings at churches, libraries and other locations. The Defense Department has since tightened its procedures for what kind of information is allowed into the Talon database, and the counterintelligence office also purged more than 250 incident reports from the database that officials determined should never have been included because they centered on lawful political protests by people opposed to the war in Iraq. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/14/wa... ner=homepage ![]() Deletions in Army Manual Raise Wiretapping Concerns Eric Lichtblau and Mark Mazzetti Deep into an updated Army manual, the deletion of 10 words has left some national security experts wondering whether government lawyers are again asserting the executive branch’s right to wiretap Americans without a court warrant. The manual, described by the Army as a “major revision” to intelligence-gathering guidelines, addresses policies and procedures for wiretapping Americans, among other issues. The original guidelines, from 1984, said the Army could seek to wiretap people inside the United States on an emergency basis by going to the secret court set up by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, known as FISA, or by obtaining certification from the attorney general “issued under the authority of section 102(a) of the Act.” That last phrase is missing from the latest manual, which says simply that the Army can seek emergency wiretapping authority pursuant to an order issued by the FISA court “or upon attorney general authorization.” It makes no mention of the attorney general doing so under FISA. Bush administration officials said that the wording change was insignificant, adding that the Army would follow FISA requirements if it sought to wiretap an American. But the manual’s language worries some national security experts. “The administration does not get to make up its own rules,” said Steven Aftergood, who runs a project on government secrecy for the Federation of American Scientists. The Army guidelines were finalized in November 2005, and Mr. Aftergood’s group recently obtained a copy under the Freedom of Information Act. He said he was struck by the omission, particularly because of the recent debate over the National Security Agency’s domestic surveillance program. President Bush has asserted that he can authorize eavesdropping without court warrants on the international communications of Americans suspected of having ties to Al Qaeda. Like several other national security experts, Mr. Aftergood said the revised guidelines could suggest that Army lawyers had adopted the legal claim that the executive branch had authority outside the courts to conduct wiretaps. But Thomas A. Gandy, a senior Army counterintelligence official who helped develop the guidelines, said the new wording did not suggest a policy change. The guidelines were intended to give Army intelligence personnel more explicit and, in some cases, more restrictive guidance than the 1984 regulations, partly to help them respond to new threats like computer hackers. “This is all about doing right and following the rules and protecting the civil liberties of folks,” Mr. Gandy said. “It seeks to keep people out of trouble.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/14/wa...14spyside.html ![]() Gonzales Testifies on Eavesdropping Changes David Stout Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales was lectured on Capitol Hill today by senators who were only partly mollified by the Bush administration’s concession to allow judicial oversight of its electronic-eavesdropping program. Senator Patrick J. Leahy, the Vermont Democrat who has just become chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, told Mr. Gonzales he welcomed the administration’s decision, announced on Wednesday, to seek approval for eavesdropping from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, “as many of us, many of us, have been saying should have been done years ago.” The administration’s decision, Mr. Leahy said, is a tiny bit of good news in an otherwise gloomy period. “In the 32 years since I first came to the Senate -- and that was during the era of Watergate and Vietnam -- I’ve never seen a time when their Constitution and fundamental rights as Americans were more threatened, unfortunately, by our own government,” he told the attorney general. Nor did Mr. Gonzales get any breaks from Senator Arlen Specter, the Pennsylvania Republican who has just stepped down as the panel chairman. Mr. Specter, too, said he was pleased that the eavesdropping program will now be under review by the intelligence surveillance court. “And it is a little hard to see why it took so long,” said Mr. Specter, like Mr. Leahy a former prosecutor and, also like Mr. Leahy, a jealous guardian of the prerogatives of Congress. Mr. Gonzales appeared at an oversight hearing and spoke on a number of issues, including what he called “the urgent need to reform our immigration laws.” “As the grandson of Mexican immigrants and as a law enforcement official, border security and immigration reform are close to my heart and always on my mind,” the attorney general said. “The president and I believe that we can take pride in being an open country and a nation of immigrants while also protecting our country from those who seek to harm us.” Another priority for him, “as attorney general and as a father,” is working with Congress to protect children from “pedophiles and sexual predators” who prowl the Internet, Mr. Gonzales said. But much of the back-and-forth was over the administration’s decision to give the secret intelligence court jurisdiction over the wiretapping program run by the National Security Agency, after many months of insistence that the administration had the power to conduct surveillance without warrants on the international communications of people inside the United States. Now, Mr. Gonzales said, the administration is satisfied that extensive negotiations with the court have put in place procedures that will allow “the necessary speed and agility the government needs to protect our nation from the terrorist threat.” Mr. Gonzales said he disagreed with Senator Specter’s “innuendo that this was something that we could have pulled off the shelf and done in a matter of days or weeks.” On the contrary, Mr. Gonzales said, Justice Department lawyers were able to devise satisfactory procedures with the intelligence court because they were willing “to be creative, to push the envelope,” and work very hard at it. Mr. Gonzales’s statement that he is not sure if he can release details of the Jan. 10 court order, under which the secret intelligence court began overseeing the surveillance program, annoyed Mr. Leahy. “Are you saying that you might object to the court giving us decisions that you’ve publicly announced?” the senator asked. “Are we a little Alice in Wonderland here?” The attorney general replied that some operational details will still have to be kept confidential. The testy exchanges indicated the depths of the controversy the surveillance program has stirred since it was disclosed by The New York Times in late 2005, some four years after the administration authorized it in response to the Sept. 11 attacks. Mr. Leahy said the Justice Department had been “complicit in advancing these government policies which threaten our basic liberties and overstep the bounds of our Constitution,” and in so doing had undercut America’s position as the world’s leading advocate for human rights. Mr. Specter did not disagree, declaring that the administration had “paid a heavy price” for not bringing the surveillance program under judicial review sooner. “We lost a close election,” Mr. Specter said, alluding to Republicans. “I wouldn’t want to get involved in what was cause-and-effect, but the heavy criticism which the president took on the program, I think, was very harmful in the political process and for the reputation of the country.” Early on, Mr. Specter rebuked Mr. Gonzales on what the senator saw as a matter of courtesy. Mr. Specter recalled that, after he wrote to the attorney general in November, he got back “a pro forma letter” from one of Mr. Gonzales’s assistants. If the committee chairman or the ranking minority member write to him, “you ought to give it your personal attention,” Mr. Specter said. A portion of the hearing focused on the brewing controversy over President Bush’s proposal to add about 21,500 troops to the American force in Iraq, at least temporarily. Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Democrat of Massachusetts, pressed the attorney general for his views on the extent of Congress’s authority to block a troop increase. Mr. Gonzales replied that the Constitution clearly gives Congress and the executive branch roles in time of war. “And at the far end, you’ve got the power of Congress to declare war,” Mr. Gonzales said. “I think at the other end, you got the core, sort of commander-in-chief authority to say take that hill. And then things get kind of murky.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/18/wa...rtner=homepage ![]() How NSA Access Was Built Into Windows Careless mistake reveals subversion of Windows by NSA. James Hetfield A CARELESS mistake by Microsoft programmers has revealed that special access codes prepared by the US National Security Agency have been secretly built into Windows. The NSA access system is built into every version of the Windows operating system now in use, except early releases of Windows 95 (and its predecessors). The discovery comes close on the heels of the revelations earlier this year that another US software giant, Lotus, had built an NSA "help information" trapdoor into its Notes system, and that security functions on other software systems had been deliberately crippled. The first discovery of the new NSA access system was made two years ago by British researcher Dr Nicko van Someren. But it was only a few weeks ago when a second researcher rediscovered the access system. With it, he found the evidence linking it to NSA. Computer security specialists have been aware for two years that unusual features are contained inside a standard Windows software "driver" used for security and encryption functions. The driver, called ADVAPI.DLL, enables and controls a range of security functions. If you use Windows, you will find it in the C:\Windows\system directory of your computer. ADVAPI.DLL works closely with Microsoft Internet Explorer, but will only run crypographic functions that the US governments allows Microsoft to export. That information is bad enough news, from a European point of view. Now, it turns out that ADVAPI will run special programmes inserted and controlled by NSA. As yet, no-one knows what these programmes are, or what they do. Dr Nicko van Someren reported at last year's Crypto 98 conference that he had disassembled the ADVADPI driver. He found it contained two different keys. One was used by Microsoft to control the cryptographic functions enabled in Windows, in compliance with US export regulations. But the reason for building in a second key, or who owned it, remained a mystery. A second key Two weeks ago, a US security company came up with conclusive evidence that the second key belongs to NSA. Like Dr van Someren, Andrew Fernandez, chief scientist with Cryptonym of Morrisville, North Carolina, had been probing the presence and significance of the two keys. Then he checked the latest Service Pack release for Windows NT4, Service Pack 5. He found that Microsoft's developers had failed to remove or "strip" the debugging symbols used to test this software before they released it. Inside the code were the labels for the two keys. One was called "KEY". The other was called "NSAKEY". Fernandes reported his re-discovery of the two CAPI keys, and their secret meaning, to "Advances in Cryptology, Crypto'99" conference held in Santa Barbara. According to those present at the conference, Windows developers attending the conference did not deny that the "NSA" key was built into their software. But they refused to talk about what the key did, or why it had been put there without users' knowledge. A third key?! But according to two witnesses attending the conference, even Microsoft's top crypto programmers were astonished to learn that the version of ADVAPI.DLL shipping with Windows 2000 contains not two, but three keys. Brian LaMachia, head of CAPI development at Microsoft was "stunned" to learn of these discoveries, by outsiders. The latest discovery by Dr van Someren is based on advanced search methods which test and report on the "entropy" of programming code. Within the Microsoft organisation, access to Windows source code is said to be highly compartmentalized, making it easy for modifications to be inserted without the knowledge of even the respective product managers. Researchers are divided about whether the NSA key could be intended to let US government users of Windows run classified cryptosystems on their machines or whether it is intended to open up anyone's and everyone's Windows computer to intelligence gathering techniques deployed by NSA's burgeoning corps of "information warriors". According to Fernandez of Cryptonym, the result of having the secret key inside your Windows operating system "is that it is tremendously easier for the NSA to load unauthorized security services on all copies of Microsoft Windows, and once these security services are loaded, they can effectively compromise your entire operating system". The NSA key is contained inside all versions of Windows from Windows 95 OSR2 onwards. "For non-American IT managers relying on Windows NT to operate highly secure data centres, this find is worrying", he added. "The US government is currently making it as difficult as possible for "strong" crypto to be used outside of the US. That they have also installed a cryptographic back-door in the world's most abundant operating system should send a strong message to foreign IT managers". "How is an IT manager to feel when they learn that in every copy of Windows sold, Microsoft has a 'back door' for NSA - making it orders of magnitude easier for the US government to access your computer?" he asked. Can the loophole be turned round against the snoopers? Dr van Someren feels that the primary purpose of the NSA key inside Windows may be for legitimate US government use. But he says that there cannot be a legitimate explanation for the third key in Windows 2000 CAPI. "It looks more fishy", he said. Fernandez believes that NSA's built-in loophole can be turned round against the snoopers. The NSA key inside CAPI can be replaced by your own key, and used to sign cryptographic security modules from overseas or unauthorised third parties, unapproved by Microsoft or the NSA. This is exactly what the US government has been trying to prevent. A demonstration "how to do it" program that replaces the NSA key can be found on Cryptonym's website. According to one leading US cryptographer, the IT world should be thankful that the subversion of Windows by NSA has come to light before the arrival of CPUs that handles encrypted instruction sets. These would make the type of discoveries made this month impossible. "Had the next-generation CPU's with encrypted instruction sets already been deployed, we would have never found out about NSAKEY." http://digglicious.blogspot.com/2007...o-windows.html ![]() Whitehall Plan for Huge Database Mark Easton A giant database of people's personal details could be created at Whitehall under government plans which ministers say will help improve public services. Tony Blair is expected to unveil the proposal in Downing Street on Monday. Strict regulations currently prevent one part of government sharing personal information it holds with another. Ministers argue the data-sharing rules are "overzealous" but the Conservatives say relaxing them would be "an excuse for bureaucrats to snoop". So-called citizens' panels will gauge public reaction to relaxing privacy procedures so people do not have to repeat personal information to different public bodies - particularly at times of stress such as a family death. Officials think current rules are an obstacle to improving public services. But such data-sharing is controversial. As well as criticism from the Conservatives, the information commissioner - the data watchdog - has warned Britain may be "sleepwalking into a surveillance society". The idea of allowing different Whitehall departments to access centrally-held data emerged during the government's policy review of public services. The review team, headed by Work and Pensions Secretary John Hutton, has concluded that it is difficult for services to be as flexible and light-footed as people want because of rules on data. The department cites an example of a family who had a total of 44 contacts with government over 180 days trying to make the necessary arrangements after a family member died in a road accident. Too often, says the review team, it may be legally forbidden to use information other than for a single purpose. At other times services may assume there is a legal barrier when there is none. Individual privacy And sometimes, the review found, the traditional culture of separate government departments contributes to delays and barriers. However, the government wants to involve the public in deciding how to balance individual privacy against possible improvements in customer care in the public sector. Five citizens' panels of 100 people are being recruited by the polling organisation Ipsos Mori. In a process known as "deliberative democracy", the panels will be briefed on the pros and cons of different approaches to public services and then invited to make their decision. Their views, say ministers, will then feed into government policy. Among the issues the panels will consider are: the role of the citizen and state; rights and responsibilities; and customer care within public services including the idea of data-sharing. ID fraud This is not the first time the government has proposed sharing sensitive personal information between Whitehall departments. Last year the Department of Constitutional Affairs (DCA) claimed relaxing rules on data-sharing would help tackle ID fraud and would also identify those "in need". But Shadow Constitutional Affairs Secretary Oliver Heald said: "Step by step, the government is logging details of every man, woman and child in 'Big Brother' computers." Shadow Home Secretary David Davis said: "The chances of it actually solving crimes is pretty small. "The chances of it costing over £20bn is very high. It will be a white elephant." Information Commissioner Richard Thomas, who is charged with ensuring the state does not collect too much information about citizens, has also been critical of data-sharing and already expressed concern at the Citizens' Information Project. That is a plan by the Office for National Statistics to create a population database for use by public services. "There are reasons why we need to promote better information," Mr Thomas said, "but whether the right answer is to create a database should be questioned." http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/h...cs/6260153.stm ![]() Cattle Branding Comes to the 21st Century High-tech tattoo more than a pretty picture Bill Ray Somark Innovations, a small company working out of Saint Louis, has successfully tested an RFID tattoo, on cows, mice and rats: enabling an identifying number embedded under the skin to be read from over a meter away. Implanting identification numbers into animals is nothing new: in the UK pets travelling abroad, and returning, must have an identification chip inside them, but these are expensive and relatively large (12mm by 2mm in diameter), and the readers have a very restricted range. The system developed by Somark uses an array of needles to quickly inject a pattern of dots into each animal, with the pattern changing for each injection. This pattern can then be read from over a meter away using a proprietary reader operating at high frequency. Traditional radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies use tags stapled to the ears of animals, but these are much more expensive and have a habit of tearing out too, which is unpleasant for the animal as well as inconvenient for the farmer. The systems currently used for pets are internal, so can't tear out, but are much more expensive again. Somark are in the process of raising money to exploit the technology, and point out that what works for animals can, of course, also work for people; identifying Military Personnel as one of their secondary markets, after cattle and other livestock. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/01/16/rfid_tattoo/ ![]() Documents Borne by Winds of Free Speech Tom Zeller Jr. A showdown is scheduled for a federal courtroom in Brooklyn tomorrow afternoon, where words like “First Amendment” and “freedom of speech” and “prior restraint” are likely to mix seamlessly with references to “BitTorrent” and “Wiki.” It is a messy plot that pits Eli Lilly, the pharmaceutical giant at the center of several articles in The New York Times suggesting that the company tried to hide or play down the health risks of its leading antipsychotic drug, Zyprexa, and lawyers representing various individuals, organizations and Web sites — all arguing that their online speech has been gagged. The case has attracted the attention of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the venerable digital rights group based in San Francisco, and one of its lawyers, Fred von Lohmann, who is now representing an anonymous Internet user caught up in the legal fracas. “One of the core missions of the foundation’s 16-year history has been to establish that when you go online, you take with you all the same civil rights with you had with you in prior media,” said Mr. von Lohmann. “But of course, you need to fight for that principle.” • The quick background: It all began with Dr. David Egilman of Massachusetts, who was a consulting witness in ongoing litigation against Lilly. Dr. Egilman had in his possession a trove of internal Lilly documents — not all of them flattering to the company — sealed by the court as part of that litigation. Comes James B. Gottstein, a lawyer from Alaska, who was pursuing unrelated litigation for mentally ill patients in his state. He somehow got wind (and precisely how is the subject of separate legal jujitsu) that Dr. Egilman had some interesting documents. Mr. Gottstein sends Dr. Egilman a subpoena for copies. Hell begins breaking loose. In a letter dated Dec. 6, Dr. Egilman informed Lilly’s lawyers, as was required by the order sealing the documents, that he had been subpoenaed. Lilly’s lawyers expressed their deep displeasure in a Dec. 14 letter to Mr. Gottstein, and politely told him to back off. In a response a day later, Mr. Gottstein informed them, among other things, that it was too late, and that some of the material had already been produced. It seems Mr. Gottstein was also apparently in a sharing mood, which is how hundreds of pages ended up with a Times reporter, Alex Berenson — and about a dozen or so other individuals and organizations. This is also how copies of the documents ended up on various Web servers — and when that happened, things changed. While surely painful for Lilly, the online proliferation began flirting with some bedrock principles of free speech and press, as well as some practical realities that looked a fair bit like toothpaste out of its tube. Nonetheless, last month, United States District Judge Jack B. Weinstein ordered Mr. Gottstein to provide a list of recipients to whom he had distributed the contraband pages, and to collect each copy back. The Times, which politely declined to oblige, has since been left out of the legal wrangling, but on Dec. 29, the court temporarily enjoined an expansive list — 14 named individuals, two health advocacy groups (MindFreedom International and the Alliance for Human Research Protection), their Web sites, and a site devoted to the Zyprexa issue — not just from “further disseminating these documents.” They were specifically ordered to communicate the injunction to anyone else who had copies, and enjoined from “posting information to Web sites to facilitate dissemination of these documents.” That’s right — it appeared that even writing on their Web sites something like, “Hey, there’s a site in Brazil where you can get those Zyprexa documents,” would run afoul of the injunction. The order was extended by Judge Weinstein on Jan. 4, and tomorrow the court will revisit the issue at length. As Mr. von Lohmann and the Electronic Frontier Foundation see it, the injunction is simply untenable. Whatever the legal merits of Lilly’s claims against Mr. Gottstein and Dr. Egilman for violating the seal, the court’s power to stifle the ever-growing chain of unrelated individuals and Web sites who, after one or two degrees of remove, had nothing to do with the Lilly litigation, cannot extend to infinity. Very quickly, Mr. von Lohmann argues, you are dealing with ordinary citizens who are merely trading in and discussing documents of interest to public health. “Judges have a natural inclination that if documents have been stolen under their watch, they want to get them back,” said Mr. von Lohmann, whose John Doe client was a contributor to the site zyprexa.pbwiki.com — a wiki where a hive of users compiled and contributed links and information relating to the Zyprexa case. “But there are some limits to how many degrees of separation the court can reach.” There is also a traditionally high bar set for placing prior restraint on the press — which, whether Judge Weinstein recognizes it or not, very much includes a colony of citizen journalists feeding a wiki. Of course, the other, slightly more absurd side to all this is that attempting to stop the documents from spreading is, by now, a Sisyphean task. “The court is trying to get the genie back into the bottle until it can sort out what’s going on through the course of litigation, which takes place at non-Internet speed,” said Jonathan Zittrain, a professor of Internet governance and regulation at Oxford and a founder of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School. “Perhaps the court thinks that whoever is adding to the wiki is among the parties to the original case,” Professor Zittrain said. “That’s understandable, but it puts the court in a no-win situation. It’s left issuing an order that sounds like no one in the world is allowed to post the documents.” For its part, even The Times, which often posts original documents for its readers, tried to put the things online when Mr. Berenson wrote his first article, but the raw pages — more than 350 individual image files weighing in at over 500 megabytes — proved unwieldy. George H. Freeman, vice president and general counsel for The Times, said, “The Times fulfilled its role by doing a lot of research and then highlighting and including the most important issues and documents in a series of well-placed news articles.” • For now, copies of the Lilly documents sit defiantly on servers in Sweden, and under a domain registered at Christmas Island, the Australian dot in the ocean 224 miles off the coast of Java. “Proudly served from outside the United States,” the site declares. There are surely others. On his TortsProf blog (snipurl.com/Torts), William G. Childs, an assistant professor at Western New England School of Law in Springfield, Mass., put it this way in a headline: “Judge Tries to Unring Bell Hanging Around Neck of Horse Already Out of Barn Being Carried on Ship That Has Sailed.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/15/te...gy/15link.html ![]() The Chilling Effect How the Web Makes Creating Software Vulnerabilities Easier, Disclosing Them More Difficult and Discovering Them Possibly Illegal. Scott Berinato Last February at Purdue University, a student taking "cs390s—Secure Computing" told his professor, Dr. Pascal Meunier, that a Web application he used for his physics class seemed to contain a serious vulnerability that made the app highly insecure. Such a discovery didn't surprise Meunier. "It's a secure computing class; naturally students want to discover vulnerabilities." They probably want to impress their prof, too, who's a fixture in the vulnerability discovery and disclosure world. Dr. Meunier has created software that interfaces with vulnerability databases. He created ReAssure, a kind of vulnerability playground, a safe computing space to test exploits and perform what Meunier calls "logically destructive experiments." He sits on the board of editors for the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) service, the definitive dictionary of all confirmed software bugs. And he has managed the Vulnerabilities Database and Incident Response Database projects at Purdue's Center for Education and Research in Information and Assurance, or Cerias, an acronym pronounced like the adjective that means "no joke." When the undergraduate approached Meunier, the professor sensed an educational opportunity and didn't hesitate to get involved. "We wanted to be good citizens and help prevent the exploit from being used," he says. In the context of vulnerable software, it would be the last time Meunier decided to be a good citizen. Meunier notified the authors of the physics department application that one of his students—he didn't say which one—had found a suspected flaw, "and their response was beautiful," says Meunier. They found, verified and fixed the bug right away, no questions asked. But two months later, in April, the same physics department website was hacked. A detective approached Meunier, whose name was mentioned by the staff of the vulnerable website during questioning. The detective asked Meunier for the name of the student who had discovered the February vulnerability. The self-described "stubborn idealist" Meunier refused to name the student. He didn't believe it was in that student's character to hack the site and, furthermore, he didn't believe the vulnerability the student had discovered, which had been fixed, was even connected to the April hack. The detective pushed him. Meunier recalls in his blog: "I was quickly threatened with the possibility of court orders, and the number of felony counts in the incident was brandished as justification for revealing the name of the student." Meunier's stomach knotted when some of his superiors sided with the detective and asked him to turn over the student. Meunier asked himself: "Was this worth losing my job? Was this worth the hassle of responding to court orders, subpoenas, and possibly having my computers (work and personal) seized?" Later, Meunier recast the downward spiral of emotions: "I was miffed, uneasy, disillusioned." This is not good news for vulnerability research, the game of discovering and disclosing software flaws. True, discovery and disclosure always have been contentious topics in the information security ranks. For many years, no calculus existed for when and how to ethically disclose software vulnerabilities. Opinions varied on who should disclose them, too. Disclosure was a philosophical problem with no one answer but rather, schools of thought. Public shaming adherents advised security researchers, amateurs and professionals alike to go public with software flaws early and often and shame vendors into fixing their flawed code. Back-channel disciples believed in a strong but limited expert community of researchers working with vendors behind the scenes. Many others' disclosure tenets fell in between. Still, in recent years, with shrink-wrapped software, the community has managed to develop a workable disclosure process. Standard operating procedures for discovering bugs have been accepted and guidelines for disclosing them to the vendor and the public have fallen into place, and they have seemed to work. Economists have even proved a correlation between what they call "responsible disclosure" and improved software security. But then, right when security researchers were getting good at the disclosure game, the game changed. The most critical code moved to the Internet, where it was highly customized and constantly interacting with other highly customized code. And all this Web code changed often, too, sometimes daily. Vulnerabilities multiplied quickly. Exploits followed. But researchers had no counterpart methodology for disclosing Web vulnerabilities that mirrored the system for vulnerability disclosure in off-the-shelf software. It's not even clear what constitutes a vulnerability on the Web. Finally, and most serious, legal experts can't yet say whether it's even legal to discover and disclose vulnerabilities on Web applications like the one that Meunier's student found. To Meunier's relief, the student volunteered himself to the detective and was quickly cleared. But the effects of the episode are lasting. If it had come to it, Meunier says, he would have named the student to preserve his job, and he hated being put in that position. "Even if there turn out to be zero legal consequences" for disclosing Web vulnerabilities, Meunier says, "the inconvenience, the threat of being harassed is already a disincentive. So essentially now my research is restricted." He ceased using disclosure as a teaching opportunity as well. Meunier wrote a five-point don't-ask-don't-tell plan he intended to give to cs390s students at the beginning of each semester. If they found a Web vulnerability, no matter how serious or threatening, Meunier wrote, he didn't want to hear about it. Furthermore, he said students should "delete any evidence you knew about this problem...go on with your life," although he later amended this advice to say students should report vulnerabilities to CERT/CC. A gray pall, a palpable chilling effect has settled over the security research community. Many, like Meunier, have decided that the discovery and disclosure game is not worth the risk. The net effect of this is fewer people with good intentions willing to cast a necessary critical eye on software vulnerabilities. That leaves the malicious ones, unconcerned by the legal or social implications of what they do, as the dominant demographic still looking for Web vulnerabilities. The Rise of Responsible Disclosure In the same way that light baffles physicists because it behaves simultaneously like a wave and a particle, software baffles economists because it behaves simultaneously like a manufactured good and a creative expression. It's both product and speech. It carries the properties of a car and a novel at the same time. With cars, manufacturers determine quality largely before they're released and the quality can be proven, quantified. Either it has air bags or it doesn't. With novels (the words, not the paper stock and binding), quality depends on what consumers get versus what they want. It is subjective and determined after the book has been released. Moby-Dick is a high-quality creative venture to some and poor quality to others. At any rate, this creates a paradox. If software is both scientifically engineered and creatively conjured, its quality is determined both before and after it's released and is both provable and unprovable. In fact, says economist Ashish Arora at Carnegie Mellon University, it is precisely this paradox that leads to a world full of vulnerable software. "I'm an economist so I ask myself, Why don't vendors make higher quality software?" After all, in a free market, all other things being equal, a better engineered product should win over a lesser one with rational consumers. But with software, lesser-quality products, requiring massive amounts of repair post-release, dominate. "The truth is, as a manufactured good, it's extraordinarily expensive [and] time-consuming [to make it high quality]." At the same time, as a creative expression, making "quality" software is as indeterminate as the next best-seller. "People use software in so many ways, it's very difficult to anticipate what they want. "It's terrible to say," Arora concedes, "but in some ways, from an economic perspective, it's more efficient to let the market tell you the flaws once the software is out in the public." The same consumers who complain about flawed software, Arora argues, would neither wait to buy the better software nor pay the price premium for it if more-flawed, less-expensive software were available sooner or at the same time. True, code can be engineered to be more secure. But as long as publishing vulnerable software remains legal, vulnerable software will rule because it's a significantly more efficient market than the alternative, high-security, low-flaw market. The price consumers pay for supporting cheaper, buggy software is they become an ad hoc quality control department. They suffer the consequences when software fails. But vendors pay a price, too. By letting the market sort out the bugs, vendors have ceded control over who looks for flaws in their software and how flaws are disclosed to the public. Vendors can't control how, when or why a bug is disclosed by a public full of people with manifold motivations and ethics. Some want notoriety. Some use disclosure for corporate marketing. Some do it for a fee. Some have collegial intentions, hoping to improve software quality through community efforts. Some want to shame the vendor into patching through bad publicity. And still others exploit the vulnerabilities to make money illicitly or cause damage. "Disclosure is one of the main ethical debates in computer security," says researcher Steve Christey. "There are so many perspectives, so many competing interests, that it can be exhausting to try and get some movement forward." What this system created was a kind of free-for-all in the disclosure bazaar. Discovery and disclosure took place without any controls. Hackers traded information on flaws without informing the vendors. Security vendors built up entire teams of researchers whose job was to dig up flaws and disclose them via press release. Some told the vendors before going public. Others did not. Freelance consultants looked for major flaws to make a name for themselves and drum up business. Sometimes these flaws were so esoteric that they posed minimal real-world risk, but the researcher might not mention that. Sometimes the flaws were indeed serious, but the vendor would try to downplay them. Still other researchers and amateur hackers tried to do the right thing and quietly inform vendors when they found holes in code. Sometimes the vendors chose to ignore them and hope security by obscurity would protect them. Sometimes, Arora alleges, vendors paid mercenaries and politely asked them to keep it quiet while they worked on a fix. Vulnerability disclosure came to be thought of as a messy, ugly, necessary evil. The madness crested, famously, at the Black Hat hacker conference in Las Vegas in 2005, when a researcher named Michael Lynn prepared to disclose to a room full of hackers and security researchers serious flaws in Cisco's IOS software, the code that controls many of the routers on the Internet. His employer, ISS (now owned by IBM) warned him not to disclose the vulnerabilities. So he quit his job. Cisco in turn threatened legal action and ordered workers to tear out pages from the conference program and destroy conference CDs that contained Lynn's presentation. Hackers accused Cisco of spin and censorship. Vendors accused hackers of unethical and dangerous speech. In the end, Lynn gave his presentation. Cisco sued. Lynn settled and agreed not to talk about it anymore. The confounding part of all the grandstanding, though, was how unnecessary it was. In fact, as early as 2000, a hacker known as Rain Forest Puppy had written a draft proposal for how responsible disclosure could work. In 2002, researchers Chris Wysopal and Christey picked up on this work and created a far more detailed proposal. Broadly, it calls for a week to establish contact between the researcher finding a vulnerability and a vendor's predetermined liaison on vulnerabilities. Then it gives the vendor, as a general guideline, 30 days to develop a fix and report it to the world through proper channels. It's a head-start program, full disclosure—delayed. It posits that a vulnerability will inevitably become public, so here's an opportunity to create a fix before that happens, since the moment it does become public the risk of exploit increases. Wysopal and Christey submitted the draft to the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), where it was well-received but not adopted because it focused more on social standards, not technical ones. Still, its effects were lasting, and by 2004, many of its definitions and tenets had been folded into the accepted disclosure practices for shrink-wrapped software. By the time Lynn finally took the stage and disclosed Cisco's vulnerabilities, US-CERT, Mitre's CVE dictionary (Christey is editor), and Department of Homeland Security guidelines all used large swaths of Wysopal's and Christey's work. Recently, economist Arora conducted several detailed economic and mathematical studies on disclosure, one of which seemed to prove that vendors patch software faster when bugs are reported through this system. For packaged software, responsible disclosure works. From Buffer Overflows to Cross-Site Scripting Three vulnerabilities that followed the responsible disclosure process recently are CVE-2006-3873, a buffer overflow in an Internet Explorer DLL file; CVE-2006-3961, a buffer overflow in an Active X control in a McAfee product; and CVE-2006-4565, a buffer overflow in the Firefox browser and Thunderbird e-mail program. It's not surprising that all three are buffer overflows. With shrink-wrapped software, buffer overflows have been for years the predominant vulnerability discovered and exploited. But shrink-wrapped, distributable software, while still proliferating and still being exploited, is a less desirable target for exploiters than it once was. This isn't because shrink-wrapped software is harder to hack than it used to be—the number of buffer overflows discovered has remained steady for half a decade, according to the CVE (see chart on Page 21). Rather, it's because websites have even more vulnerabilities than packaged software, and Web vulnerabilities are as easy to discover and hack and, more and more, that's where hacking is most profitable. In military parlance, webpages provide a target-rich environment. The speed with which Web vulnerabilities have risen to dominate the vulnerability discussion is startling. Between 2004 and 2006, buffer overflows dropped from the number-one reported class of vulnerability to number four. Counter to that, Web vulnerabilities shot past buffer overflows to take the top three spots. The number-one reported vulnerability, cross-site scripting (XSS) comprised one in five of all CVE-reported bugs in 2006. To understand XSS is to understand why, from a technical perspective, it will be so hard to apply responsible disclosure principles to Web vulnerabilities. Cross-site scripting (which is something of a misnomer) uses vulnerabilities in webpages to insert code, or scripts. The code is injected into the vulnerable site unwittingly by the victim, who usually clicks on a link that has HTML and JavaScript embedded in it. (Another variety, less common and more serious, doesn't require a click). The link might promise a free iPod or simply seem so innocuous, a link to a news story, say, that the user won't deem it dangerous. Once clicked, though, the embedded exploit executes on the targeted website's server. The scripts will usually have a malicious intent—from simply defacing the website to stealing cookies or passwords, or redirecting the user to a fake webpage embedded in a legitimate site, a high-end phishing scheme that affected PayPal last year. A buffer overflow targets an application. But XSS is, as researcher Jeremiah Grossman (founder of WhiteHat Security) puts it, "an attack on the user, not the system." It requires the user to visit the vulnerable site and participate in executing the code. This is reason number one it's harder to disclose Web vulnerabilities. What exactly is the vulnerability in this XSS scenario? Is it the design of the page? Yes, in part. But often, it's also the social engineering performed on the user and his browser. A hacker who calls himself RSnake and who's regarded in the research community as an expert on XSS goes even further, saying, "[XSS is] a gateway. All it means is I can pull some code in from somewhere." In some sense it is like the door to a house. Is a door a vulnerability? Or is it when it's left unlocked that it becomes a vulnerability? When do you report a door as a weakness—when it's just there, when it's left unlocked, or when someone illegally or unwittingly walks through it? In the same way, it's possible to argue that careless users are as much to blame for XSS as software flaws. For the moment, let's treat XSS, the ability to inject code, as a technical vulnerability. Problem number two with disclosure of XSS is its prevalence. Grossman, who founded his own research company, WhiteHat, claims XSS vulnerabilities can be found in 70 percent of websites. RSnake goes further. "I know Jeremiah says seven of 10. I'd say there's only one in 30 I come across where the XSS isn't totally obvious. I don't know of a company I couldn't break into [using XSS]." If you apply Grossman's number to a recent Netcraft survey, which estimated that there are close to 100 million websites, you've got 70 million sites with XSS vulnerabilities. Repairing them one-off, two-off, 200,000-off is spitting in the proverbial ocean. The Week in Review is edited and published by Jack Spratts. Even if you've disclosed, you've done very little to reduce the overall risk of exploit. "Logistically, there's no way to disclose this stuff to all the interested parties," Grossman says. "I used to think it was my moral professional duty to report every vulnerability, but it would take up my whole day." What's more, new XSS vulnerabilities are created all the time, first because many programming languages have been made so easy to use that amateurs can rapidly build highly insecure webpages. And second because, in those slick, dynamic pages commonly marketed as "Web 2.0," code is both highly customized and constantly changing, says Wysopal, who is now CTO of Veracode. "For example, look at IIS [Microsoft's shrink-wrapped Web server software]," he says. "For about two years people were hammering on that and disclosing all kinds of flaws. But in the last couple of years, there have been almost no new vulnerabilities with IIS. It went from being a dog to one of the highest security products out there. But it was one code base and lots of give-and-take between researchers and the vendor, over and over. "On the Web, you don't have that give and take," he says. You can't continually improve a webpage's code because "Web code is highly customized. You won't see the same code on two different banking sites, and the code changes all the time." That means, in the case of Web vulnerabilities, says Christey, "every input and every button you can press is a potential place to attack. And because so much data is moving you can lose complete control. Many of these vulnerabilities work by mixing code where you expect to mix it. It creates flexibility but it also creates an opportunity for hacking." There are in fact so many variables in a Web session—how the site is configured and updated, how the browser is visiting the site configured to interact with the site—that vulnerabilities to some extent become a function of complexity. They may affect some subset of users—people who use one browser over another, say. When it's difficult to even recreate the set of variables that comprise a vulnerability, it's hard to responsibly disclose that vulnerability. "In some ways," RSnake says, "there is no hope. I'm not comfortable telling companies that I know how to protect them from this." A wake-up call for websites Around breakfast one day late last August, RSnake started a thread on his discussion board, Sla.ckers.org, a site frequented by hackers and researchers looking for interesting new exploits and trends in Web vulnerabilities. RSnake's first post was titled "So it begins." All that followed were two links, www.alexa.com and www.altavista.com, and a short note: "These have been out there for a while but are still unfixed." Clicking on the links exploited XSS vulnerabilities with a reasonably harmless, proof-of-concept script. RSnake had disclosed vulnerabilities. He did this because he felt the research community and, more to the point, the public at large, neither understood nor respected the seriousness and prevalence of XSS. It was time, he says, to do some guerilla vulnerability disclosure. "I want them to understand this isn't Joe Shmoe finding a little hole and building a phishing site," RSnake says. "This is one of the pieces of the puzzle that could be used as a nasty tool." If that first post didn't serve as a wake-up call, what followed it should. Hundreds of XSS vulnerabilities were disclosed by the regular klatch of hackers at the site. Most exploited well-known, highly trafficked sites. Usually the posts included a link that included a proof-of-concept exploit. An XSS hole in www.gm.com, for example, simply delivered a pop-up dialog box with an exclamation mark in the box. By early October, anonymous lurkers were contributing long lists of XSS-vulnerable sites. In one set of these, exploit links connected to a defaced page with Sylvester Stallone's picture on it and the message "This page has been hacked! You got Stallown3d!1" The sites this hacker contributed included the websites of USA Today, The New York Times, The Boston Globe, ABC, CBS, Warner Bros., Petco, Nike, and Linens 'n Things. "What can I say?" RSnake wrote. "We have some kick-ass lurkers here." Some of the XSS holes were closed up shortly after appearing on the site. Others remain vulnerable. At least one person tried to get the discussion board shut down, RSnake says, and a couple of others "didn't react in a way that I thought was responsible." Contacts from a few of the victim sites—Google and Mozilla, among others—called to tell RSnake they'd fixed the problem and "to say thanks through gritted teeth." Most haven't contacted him, and he suspects most know about neither the discussion thread nor their XSS vulnerabilities. By early November last year, the number of vulnerable sites posted reached 1,000, many discovered by RSnake himself. His signature on his posts reads "RSnake—Gotta love it." It connotes an aloofness that permeates the discussion thread, as if finding XSS vulnerabilities were too easy. It's fun but hardly professionally interesting, like Tom Brady playing flag football. Clearly, this is not responsible disclosure by the standards shrink-wrapped software has come to be judged, but RSnake doesn't think responsible disclosure, even if it were somehow developed for Web vulnerabilities (and we've already seen how hard that will be, technically), can work. For one, he says, he'd be spending all day filling out vulnerability reports. But more to the point, "If I went out of my way to tell them they're vulnerable, they may or may not fix it, and, most importantly, the public doesn't get that this is a big problem." Discovery Is (Not?) a Crime RSnake is not alone in his skepticism over proper channels being used for something like XSS vulnerabilities. Wysopal himself says that responsible disclosure guidelines, ones he helped develop, "don't apply at all with Web vulnerabilities." Implicit in his and Christey's process was the idea that the person disclosing the vulnerabilities was entitled to discover them in the first place, that the software was theirs to inspect. (Even on your own software, the end user license agreement—EULA—and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act—DMCA—limit what you can do with/to it). The seemingly endless string of websites RSnake and the small band of hackers had outed were not theirs to audit. Disclosing the XSS vulnerabilities on those websites was implicitly confessing to having discovered that vulnerability. Posting the exploit code—no matter how innocuous—was definitive proof of discovery. That, it turns out, might be illegal. No one knows for sure yet if it is, but how the law develops will determine whether vulnerability research will get back on track or devolve into the unorganized bazaar that it once was and that RSnake's discussion board hints it could be. The case law in this space is sparse, but one of the few recent cases that address vulnerability discovery is not encouraging. A man named Eric McCarty, after allegedly being denied admission to the University of Southern California, hacked the online admission system, copied seven records from the database and mailed the information under a pseudonym to a security news website. The website notified the university and subsequently published information about the vulnerability. McCarty made little attempt to cover his tracks and even blogged about the hack. Soon enough, he was charged with a crime. The case is somewhat addled, says Jennifer Granick, a prominent lawyer in the vulnerability disclosure field and executive director at Stanford's Center for Internet and Society. "The prosecutor argued that it's because he copied the data and sent it to an unauthorized person that he's being charged," says Granick, "but copying data isn't illegal. So you're prosecuting for unauthorized testing of the system"—what any Web vulnerability discoverer is doing—"but you're motivated by what they did with the information. It's kind of scary." Two cases in a similar vein preceded McCarty's. One was acquitted in less than half an hour, Granick says; in the other, prosecutors managed to convict the hacker, but, in a strange twist, they dropped the conviction on appeal (Granick represented the defendant on the appeal). In the USC case, though, McCarty pleaded guilty to unauthorized access. Granick calls this "terrible and detrimental." "Law says you can't access computers without permission," she explains. "Permission on a website is implied. So far, we've relied on that. The Internet couldn't work if you had to get permission every time you wanted to access something. But what if you're using a website in a way that's possible but that the owner didn't intend? The question is whether the law prohibits you from exploring all the ways a website works," including through vulnerabilities. Granick would like to see a rule established that states it's not illegal to report truthful information about a website vulnerability, when that information is gleaned from taking the steps necessary to find the vulnerability, in other words, benevolently exploiting it. "Reporting how a website works has to be different than attacking a website," she says. "Without it, you encourage bad disclosure, or people won't do it at all because they're afraid of the consequences." Already many researchers, including Meunier at Purdue, have come to view a request for a researchers' proof-of-concept exploit code as a potentially aggressive tactic. Handing it over, Meunier says, is a bad idea because it's proof that you've explored the website in a way the person you're giving the code to did not intend. The victim you're trying to help could submit that as Exhibit A in a criminal trial against you. RSnake says he thought about these issues before he started his discussion thread. "I went back and forth personally," he says. "Frankly, I don't think it's really illegal. I have no interest in exploiting the Web." As for others on the discussion board "everyone on my board, I believe, is nonmalicious." But he acknowledges that the specter of illegality and the uncertainty surrounding Web vulnerability disclosure are driving some researchers away and driving others, just as Granick predicted, to try to disclose anonymously or through back channels, which he says is unfortunate. "We're like a security lab. Trying to shut us down is the exact wrong response. It doesn't make the problem go away. If anything, it makes it worse. What we're doing is not meant to hurt companies. It's meant to make them protect themselves. I'm a consumer advocate." A Limited Pool of Bravery What happens next depends, largely, on those who publish vulnerable software on the Web. Will those with vulnerable websites, instead of attacking the messenger, work with the research community to develop some kind of responsible disclosure process for Web vulnerabilities, as complex and uncertain a prospect as that is? Christey remains optimistic. "Just as with shrink-wrapped software five years ago, there are no security contacts and response teams for Web vulnerabilities. In some ways, it's the same thing over again. If the dynamic Web follows the same pattern, it will get worse before it gets better, but at least we're not at square one." Christey says his hope rests in part on an efficacious public that demands better software and a more secure Internet, something he says hasn't materialized yet. Or will they start suing, threatening, harassing those who discover and disclose their Web vulnerabilities regardless of the researchers' intention, confidently cutting the current with the winds of McCarty's guilty plea filling their sails? Certainly this prospect concerns legal scholars and researchers, even ones who are pressing forward and discovering and disclosing Web vulnerabilities despite the current uncertainty and risk. Noble as his intentions may be, RSnake is not in the business of martyrdom. He says, "If the FBI came to my door [asking for information on people posting to the discussion board], I'd say 'Here's their IP address.' I do not protect them. They know that." He sounds much as Meunier did when he conceded that he'd have turned over his student if it had come to that. In the fifth and final point he provides for students telling them that he wants no part of their vulnerability discovery and disclosure, he writes: "I've exhausted my limited pool of bravery. Despite the possible benefits to the university and society at large, I'm intimidated by the possible consequences to my career, bank account and sanity. I agree with [noted security researcher] H.D. Moore, as far as production websites are concerned: 'There is no way to report a vulnerability safely.'" http://www.csoonline.com/read/010107/fea_vuln.html ![]() Beijing's Censors Unleash a Monster A farmer's son is using the blog to change Chinese web culture Geoffrey York It was just another routine act of censorship in a country where the censors rule. But as they casually killed the articles, the Chinese censors were unaware that they were unleashing a monster. From that simple act of censorship in 2002, the phenomenon of blogging was born in China. The censors forced their victim to create a new channel for free expression -- a channel now used by tens of millions of Chinese citizens. The author of the banned articles, a young journalist named Fang Xingdong, was an outspoken critic of the software giant Microsoft. But two hours after his critical essays about the company were published on July 6, 2002, they suddenly disappeared from every website in the country, deemed too controversial. "I had been one of the pioneers of the Internet in China," he recalls. "Yet after six years of being published on the Internet, suddenly I couldn't get on any websites." Frustrated and angry, he talked to a friend who mentioned the emergence of blogging in the United States. He glanced at a few blogs. At first they seemed too primitive. But as he thought about it, he began to see the creative possibilities. "I was very excited," he says. "I couldn't sleep all night." Four years later, Mr. Fang is chairman and chief executive of China's biggest blogging empire. His company, Bokee, is host to about 14 million bloggers, a quarter of the entire Chinese market, and it gains more than 10,000 new bloggers every day. Blogging has become the hottest media trend in China. And his company is so popular that it has attracted the interest of media tycoons such as Rupert Murdoch. He laughs modestly when people call him the father of Chinese blogging. But it was Mr. Fang who coined the Chinese word for blogging and wrote a lengthy Declaration of Chinese Bloggers to popularize the concept. (He decided that blog should be translated as boke, which sounds similar to the English word but can also be translated as "plentiful guests" or "knowledgeable man.") While blogging is the latest fashion among Chinese celebrities and writers today, it was a difficult struggle for Mr. Fang to promote the concept in its early days. "I spent a lot of time explaining blogs in 2002 and 2003, and now people finally see that I was right," he says. "Blogs have changed the way information is spread in China. In the past, it was always the editors who chose what was on the Internet. But blogging has allowed people from behind the curtain to stand in front of the curtain. It's had a revolutionary effect, from the bottom up." Mr. Fang, 37, is a farmer's son who studied electrical engineering and later became a journalist and IT analyst. Until he went to university, he still helped with the annual seeding and harvesting on the family farm. He calls himself a "common man" who was never a top student. His plain office, devoid of luxuries, reveals that he still has the frugality of a peasant. "Because of my life experiences, I feel close to the grassroots," he says. In the early years of blogging, one of his biggest obstacles was the hostility of China's Communist rulers, who had an instinctive suspicion of anything that might put even a small piece of power in the hands of the masses. It took a long series of meetings from 2002 to 2004, but he eventually won the argument by appealing to officials' patriotism. "We did a lot of work to persuade them. They thought blogging was too messy -- everyone would have the right to publish on the Net. They took an ideological stand. But we said this was an international trend. If people weren't allowed to blog in China, they would go to foreign sites. We're very proud that today it is domestic companies who are the main blog sites in China, not foreign sites." Of course, the authorities did not allow a completely wide-open system. Censorship is still practised, even at Mr. Fang's company. Among his 80 employees are 10 people who comb through the blogs every day, deleting anything deemed to be obscene or politically unacceptable. He hopes that the Chinese blogosphere will become self-regulating. "If it's more orderly, there will be less pressure on us," he says. "I think a blog should have a basic foundation of morality and law. I compare it to a person's home." He rejects complaints from people who say he has sold out. He points out that he was one of the first to criticize a recent proposed regulation that would force bloggers to register with real names. "I had to change my role from being a critic to being an administrator, but I haven't lost my independence," he says. "I still criticize some of the most powerful companies." His company, which attracted a $10-million investment from venture capitalists last year, is not yet profitable. But he expects it to break even within six months. After that, he hopes to become competitive with the biggest websites in China, which would make his one of the most popular in the world. Even as he gives an interview, Mr. Fang is unable to stop his fingers from straying to his laptop keyboard to tap out the latest entry in one of the three blogs that he still maintains. He estimates that he spends 10 hours a day on the Internet. One of his blogs is a review of movies that he watches. "My only hobby now is watching DVDs," he says. "In the past, I liked to read books, but I don't have time for that any more." The Globe is profiling people poised to rise to international prominence Another Web tycoon At 31, Tom Anderson is six years younger than Fang Xingdong, but has already built and sold his Internet company. After graduating from the University of California, Los Angeles, with a master's degree in film studies, Mr. Anderson and a friend, Chris DeWolf, launched the social networking site MySpace.com in early 2003. The site became so successful that it now hosts 80 per cent of all social-networking traffic and has more than 100 million individual accounts. In July, 2005, the site was sold for $580-million (U.S.) to News Corp.'s Rupert Murdoch, who has also discussed investing in Mr. Fang's Bokee. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servl...echnology/home ![]() New Lobbying Bill to Criminalize Political Bloggers? Nate Anderson One of the Democratic priorities for the new Congress was passage of a lobbyist reform bill, but the introduction of S.1 into the Senate has caused a veritable firestorm of controversy. That's because section 220 of the bill introduces disclosure requirements for "paid efforts to stimulate grassroots lobbying." The Traditional Values Coalition calls this section the "most expansive intrusion on First Amendment rights ever proposed in the United States Senate," while GrassrootsFreedom.com chairman Richard Viguerie says that if it passes, "We'd be living under totalitarianism, not democracy." But are these accurate statements, or is truth the first casualty of rhetoric? S.1 would change the rules for lobbyists. It bans all gifts from lobbyists, imposes restrictions on trips and accommodation offered to elected officials, and requires all "earmarks" to be identified in spending bills, according to the Congressional Budget Office. But the bill also wants to bring disclosure requirements to the murky world of astroturf groups (so-called because they mimic real grassroots organizations). This is certainly a noble goal; undisclosed corporate money washes through so many front groups now that it can be difficult to tell when opinions are genuine and when they are bought and sold. Section 220 of the bill "would require grassroots causes, even bloggers, who communicate to 500 or more members of the public on policy matters, to register and report quarterly to Congress the same as the big K. Street lobbyists," said Viguerie in a statement, but the truth isn't that simple. First, a couple of facts: though groups like the Family Research Council claim that "the liberal leadership in the US Senate seeks to silence groups like the Family Research Council," the bill was actually cosponsored by Mitch McConnell (R-KY), the top Republican leader in the Senate. What's more, the bill appears to be an exact reintroduction of last year's S.2349, which was introduced by Trent Lott (R-MS) and actually passed the Republican-controlled Senate, complete with section 220. So much for the liberal plot. In fact, some liberal groups oppose the measure, including the ACLU. The group argues that the reporting requirements are "onerous" and that "people must be able to disseminate information, contact their representatives, and encourage others to do so as well." So what's in the bill? Section 220 introduces a series of modifications to the 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act. The most important is that "paid efforts to stimulate grassroots lobbying" now counts as "lobbying" under certain circumstances. Currently, lobbyists are only considered as such if they have contact with elected officials or staff members. Should the new bill become law, disclosure and reporting requirements for lobbyists would be extended to groups who attempt to influence the general public to contact legislators. This is what has inspired claims that bloggers and activists of all stripes will suddenly be classed as lobbyists and will be monitored by the government. What the bill says, though, is that the rules only apply to people who are paid by clients to encourage the public to contact Congress about specific legislation. The rules do not apply to any communication directed at less than 500 people, they do not apply to any communication directed at a group's current membership, and they do not impose any speech regulations (all that is required is a quarterly report describing where one's money came from and what bills were worked on). Would this apply to a political blogger? Not usually. Because section 220 is only a series of changes to the Lobbying Disclosure Act, that legislation's other rules still apply. According to OMB Watch, a government accountability watchdog group, the LDA's registration requirement is only triggered by groups that spend more than $24,500 on lobbying semiannually and employ a least one person who spends 20 percent or more of their work time on lobbying. The bill also concerns only the federal government; groups operating at the state level are exempt. It might apply to groups like the Family Research Council and the ACLU, however, but that seems to be exactly the intent of the bill. These are major advocacy groups in the same league as the astroturf groups so often funded by industry, not tiny nonprofits operating out a rented storefront in a downtrodden Midwest town—or bloggers operating from a basement. The measure will hardly "send critics to jail," as Richard Viguerie warns, and it's simply not true that the "Senate will have criminalized the exercise of First Amendment rights." Sending in a form can hardly be counted as draconian government harrassment, much less criminalization of free speech, and it won't apply to most small advocacy groups or bloggers anyway. (Note that Viguerie is referred to as the "direct mail titan of the right" by SourceWatch, and that he would need to disclose his clients and their payments to him in many cases if this law were to pass). The legislation seems designed instead to give the public more information about who is funding public advocacy campaigns. Much as prescription drug makers have begun advertising their products directly to the general public, other corporations have found it more productive to disguise their interest in an issue, convince the public that it's either good or bad, then let individuals contact Congress directly. This gives their message more credibility, but citizens first need to know that the sources for these messages are credible. Sen. Robert Bennett (R-UT), though, is concerned that section 220 is overly broad. He has introduced amendment 20, which would kill section 220 but leave the rest of the bill intact. (As a sign of just how much interest the bill has received on Capitol Hill, it currently has 96 proposed amendments). S.1 has not yet come to a vote, though debate has progressed vigorously and a vote could be called at any time. Update S.1 has passed the Senate on a vote of 96-2 with most of its teeth intact. It did lose a molar, though, as the Bennett Amendment passed 55-43. This amendment removed the controversial section 220 from the bill, which means that federally-focused grassroots political campaigns will not be counted as lobbyists and can continue to raise and spend money without disclosing its source. http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070119-8651.html ![]() September Porn Third-Quarter FCC Indecency Complaints Released Nate Anderson The FCC has just released its amended numbers for complaints of all kinds that were filed in the third quarter of 2006. Dealing as it does with such a wide range of communications issues, the FCC hears complaints that cover everything from cell phone billing practices to digital television issues to electrical interference. Most interesting of all, though, are the obscenity complaints—and there were a lot of them. The FCC received 162,170 indecency/obscenity complaints between July and September 2006. The complaints were not evenly distributed within those three months, though, which is a pattern we've seen before. In July, only 179 people complained. In August, 404 people complained. But September is apparently the filthiest month of all, as it generated a whopping 161,587 complaints to the FCC—a one-month increase of 40,000 percent. http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070118-8655.html ![]() Furor Over 12-Year-Old Actress’s Rape Scene David M. Halbfinger Dakota Fanning will turn 13 next month, and she has a short answer for anyone who questions her decision to play a 1950s girl who gyrates in her underwear, wakes up as her naked father climbs into her bed, demands that a prepubescent boy expose himself to her in exchange for a kiss and, finally, is raped by a teenager who lures her with tickets to an Elvis concert: She’s growing up. Get used to it. Ms. Fanning, best known for leading roles in children’s movies like “Dreamer” and “Charlotte’s Web,” thrillers like “Man on Fire” and “War of the Worlds,” and the horror film “Hide and Seek,” now is starring in “Hounddog,” an independent film that is to have its premiere on Monday at the Sundance Film Festival. It has already won attention far out of proportion to its budget of less than $4 million. When “Hounddog” was still shooting last summer near Wilmington, N.C., rumors about the rape scene kicked up a storm on the socially conservative end of the Web spectrum. Some suggested that Ms. Fanning was being exploited by the filmmakers, her parents and her agent. Hundreds signed a petition to persuade a local district attorney to prosecute the filmmakers under a law banning simulated sex with a minor. The furor hampered the production, and it continues on Fox News and on Web sites like A Minor Consideration (minorcon.org), run by Paul Petersen, an advocate for child actors. Mr. Petersen, himself a former child actor who played Donna Reed’s son on her 1960s sitcom, said in an interview that Ms. Fanning should never have been allowed to play the victim in a rape scene, no matter how much she wanted to or how sensitively it was filmed, and that her doing so violated the letter of federal child-pornography law. “Nothing excuses it,” he said. “The plain cold fact is this is illegal, the statutes are what they are, and Hollywood chose to ignore it. If they’d made the character 15, and hired a 19-year-old, they wouldn’t have heard a peep out of me.” But the Wilmington district attorney, who was shown a cut of the movie, said no crime was committed, and the film’s writer and director, Deborah Kampmeier, said Ms. Fanning was treated more than appropriately: Though her character, Lewellen, disrobes under duress, for example, she is not seen nude, and Ms. Fanning was always clothed during the production. Ms. Fanning, for her part, says she is mystified by the outcry. Anyone who sees the film, she said on Monday in her first interview on the subject, would understand that the rape scene wasn’t the point of the movie. “That’s not who Lewellen is,” she said, sitting in her agent’s office in Universal City, braces on her teeth and a small crucifix over her sweater. “Because that has happened to her, that doesn’t define her. Because of this thing that has happened — that she did not ask for — she is labeled that, and it’s her story to overcome that and to be a whole person again.” “There are so many children that this happens to, every second,” she added. “That’s the sad part. If anyone’s talking about anything, that’s what they should be talking about.” Her mother, Joy Fanning, waited outside, and her agent, Cindy Osbrink, sat in, but it was Ms. Fanning who fielded the questions, and who made clear that her choices were, well, just that. “You know, I’m an actress,” she said. “It’s what I want to do, it’s what I’ve been so lucky to have done for almost seven years now. And I am getting older. February 23 is my birthday, I’ll be 13 years old. And I will be playing different kinds of roles. I won’t be able to do the things I did when I was 6 years old when I’m 14. And that’s what I look forward to — getting to play new roles that aren’t too old for me and aren’t too young for me, that are just at the right time.” She added: “Lewellen is still very innocent, she’s still a child, but she’s also a little bit wise beyond her years because of the things she’s seen and been through. So I think that I should be able to do what I feel is at the right time for me.” The story of “Hounddog” is about not just rape but also about the cycle of violence: nearly every major character in it is motherless, wounded, repressed and destructive. Lewellen’s grandmother (Piper Laurie) violates her too, if only with her eyes; her father (David Morse) has been abusing her more directly, and it appears likely that, if nothing changes, Lewellen will become an abuser too. Ms. Kampmeier said in a telephone interview that she had originally written the character as a 9-year-old, and first signed the actors Robin Wright Penn and Mr. Morse for the project in the late 1990s. But a succession of financial backers withdrew four times in four years, and she set the script aside in 2002 to make “Virgin,” her first feature, about a pregnant girl who believes that she is carrying God’s child; Ms. Wright Penn played the girl’s mother in the film, which received mixed reviews. When Ms. Kampmeier sent Ms. Fanning the script for “Hounddog” in July 2005, Ms. Fanning said: “The bottom line was, I couldn’t not do it. It’s all I could think about. I knew I was at the perfect age.” She had to wait nine months as Ms. Kampmeier hunted for investors; the subject matter remained objectionable to most, even with a proven star in the central role, the director said. (Making the most of that delay, Ms. Fanning said, the director sent her an e-mail message with a new question about Lewellen each morning: Favorite color? Favorite food? “That’s why I was so comfortable in Lewellen’s skin,” Ms. Fanning said, “because I knew so much about her.”) Ms. Kampmeier said investors kept balking at the rape scene, demanding that it be shunted off-screen, merely implied or removed from the plot altogether. About the online petitions to have her arrested, she said that the district attorney’s office in Wilmington was busy prosecuting real sex crimes, like one in which a 10-year-old girl was impregnated by her father. “All these cases are reported in the newspaper, and nobody ever calls them about that,” she said. “But they get 10 to 20 calls a day from people insisting that my movie be prosecuted.” Ms. Fanning said the most taxing scene for her was one in which her sleeping character is covered by snakes that slither in through the open window of her tumbledown shack. But it may be an earlier pivotal scene that draws more critical attention, should “Hounddog” find a distributor. In it Lewellen sings and dances her best Elvis impression — horizontally, on her bed — upon learning that the singer is coming to town. While she does, however, a teenage milkman is in the room, looking on a little too hungrily. Overly sexual behavior in minors is often a telltale sign of prior abuse, and provocation is, unfortunately, in the eye of the provoked. But to Ms. Kampmeier’s mind, and more important, to Ms. Fanning’s, Lewellen’s dancing in this scene is as innocent as her already corrupted life can get. “She’s 12 years old,” Ms. Fanning said. “She’s doing that because that’s fun. She’s not going so far as to think, ‘Oh, am I doing something wrong?’ or ‘Is this going to look in a weird way?’ He’s just her milkman. He’s coming to pick up the empties.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/20/movies/20dako.html ![]() Prison Time For Viewing Porn? A Teenage Boy Faces Decades in Prison For Visiting Sexually Explicit Web Sites -- But Was It Really Someone Else? Sixteen-year-old Matthew Bandy was about as normal a teenager as you could find. He actually liked hanging out with his family. "He was a happy-go-lucky kid," said his mother, Jeannie Bandy. "Very personable, and big-hearted. I sound like a boastful mom, but I guess the biggest thing is that he could always make me laugh." "We went on vacations and had a lot of fun together," Matthew said. "I just enjoyed the life I was living. But after I was accused, everything changed." What was Matthew Bandy accused of? Jeannie and Greg Bandy were shocked to discover that their son was charged with possession of child pornography. One December morning two years ago, Matthew's life took a dramatic turn. In an exclusive interview with "20/20," the Bandy family reveals how the world as they knew it came crumbling down, and how Matthew's life has since changed. A Family Shattered It has been two years since police officers stood at the doorstep of the Bandy home with a search warrant bearing a devastating charge -- possession of child pornography. "It was 6 a.m. It was still dark…there was this pounding at the door," Jeannie Bandy said. "I was petrified." Police officers stormed into the house with guns pointed. "The first thing I thought was, someone's trying to break in our house," Matthew said. "And then there [were] police officers with guns pointed at me, telling me to get downstairs." Greg Bandy was handed the search warrant and informed that the central suspect was Matthew. According to the warrant, nine images of young girls in suggestive poses were found on the Bandy family computer. Yahoo monitors chat rooms for suspicious content and reported that child porn was uploaded from the computer at the Bandys' home address. "When they asked me have you ever looked up or uploaded or downloaded erotic images of minors, I was just taken aback and…I said, 'No,'" says Matthew. Nevertheless, Matthew did have an embarrassing confession. He had been sneaking peaks at adult erotic photos on the family computer. "I got the Web site from a bunch of friends at school. [It was] just adult pornography…Playboy-like images." Difficult to admit, but not illegal -- or so it seemed. Still, it didn't look good for Matt, as police confiscated the computer and left the house that December day. A family was shattered. "I still remember when they were cleaning up and leaving and of course I was still in my pajamas and my bathrobe and my fuzzy slippers," Jeannie Bandy said. "I said, 'What do we do now? Should I contact a lawyer?' [The police officer] said, 'Well, they are felonies that the state takes very serious.'" The Bandys would soon find out just how serious the charges against Matthew were. The family hired Ed Novak, a well-respected attorney from a large law firm in downtown Phoenix. "20/20" correspondent Jim Avila asked Novak what the family was up against. "We faced 10 years per count, there were nine counts," said Novak. "If Matt was convicted, those sentences would have to be served consecutively. In other words, he would have been sentenced to 90 years in prison. He would have served time until he died." Greg and Jeannie Bandy knew their son well. They were shocked at the serious charges against him and frightened by the prospect of such a serious sentence. "He's never done any drugs," Greg said. "He never drank a drop of alcohol. He's never been a problem, never stayed out late and gotten into trouble or anything like that." A Sex Offender? Arizona child pornography laws are among the harshest in the country. As soon as Matthew was charged, he was put on virtual house arrest, and an electronic bracelet was attached to his ankle to monitor his movements 24 hours a day. "It was just terrifying. I didn't know what was going on. I didn't know why it was happening," Matthew recalled. Matthew was in an awful predicament, and he tried to keep his house arrest a secret. He wore longer pants to hide the ankle bracelet, but he was scared he would be discovered. "Yes, I was very scared," he said. "If they found out that I was wearing an ankle bracelet all of a sudden they would be wondering, why are you wearing that? And I had no good answer for them." The shy young boy could not explain how such pictures appeared on his computer hard drive. The stress of the situation got so bad for Matthew that he told his parents the charges hanging over his head made high school impossible. "He said 'Mom, I'm hurting,'" said Jeannie. "'I can't sleep. I don't want to disappoint anybody, but I just can't go on anymore.'" Matt's dreams had been destroyed and his mother was crushed. And even though there was no proof that Matthew personally downloaded those nine pictures, it would be difficult to prove his innocence. Novak said that the pictures alone were practically all the evidence the police needed. "I thought his chances of winning were probably 20 percent," said Novak. "They didn't care that I denied it," Matthew said. "They just kept on asking me and kept on thinking that I did it. They just had it built into their mind that this kid is guilty." What is so frightening about Matt's case? It could happen to anyone. "The computer had accessed a 'Yahoo' account where there was child pornography," Andrew Thomas, Maricopa County district attorney said. "That was the basis for the search warrants issued by a court." Yet, the evidence submitted by the Phoenix police department did not identify a specific user. Matt's clean reputation, his good grades and protective family could not stand up to the cold fact that child porn was on that computer. The police and the district attorney had the incriminating photos from the Bandys' computer and the prosecutors were determined to send Matt away. A Family Fights Back Matthew Bandy found himself outmatched in the national campaign against child pornography -- harsh laws designed to keep track of pedophiles and punish them severely. "They didn't care that I denied it, they just kept on asking me and kept on thinking that I did it," he said. "They just had it built in their mind that this kid is guilty, and we're going to make sure that he's convicted. No matter what the means are." The Bandy family contends that Thomas was on a mission and that his desire to convict was so strong that he ignored important evidence -- like the fact that Matthew passed a lie detector test. The fact that the test indicated that Matt was telling the truth wasn't taken into account. And that's when the Bandy family really began to fight back. They hired two polygraph examiners who confirmed Matthew was telling the truth. Then they ordered two psychiatric evaluations which concluded that Matthew had no perverted tendencies. ABC's Jim Avila asked Thomas about the results of the lie detectors tests and Matt's psychiatric evaluations. "Quite frankly, criminal defendants are not famous for being forthcoming with the facts," Thomas explained. "I'm not a big believer in polygraph tests. And certainly, they're not admissible in court. At the end of the day, we certainly felt there was a good faith reason to go forward with the prosecution." (Click here to read excerpts of Jim Avila's interview with Thomas.) Despite the positive polygraphs and psychiatric exams, the district attorney pressed on. So the Bandys and their attorney tackled the most difficult question on the table. If Matthew didn't put the pictures on the computer, how did they get there? For that answer, they turned to computer forensic expert Tammi Loehrs. "If you have an Internet connection, high speed, through, let's say, your cable company, or through the phone company, that computer is always on, and basically you have an open doorway to the outside," Loehrs said. "So the home user has no idea who's coming into their computer." Loehrs went into the Bandys' computer and what she found could frighten any parent -- more than 200 infected files, so-called backdoors that allowed hackers to access the family computer from remote locations, no where near Matthew's house. "They could be on your computer and you'd never know it," she said. Loehrs says she does not believe that Matthew uploaded those images onto his computer "based on everything I know and everything I've seen on that hard drive." But police still had those pictures, and the harsh child porn laws made going to court risky for Matthew. "All the jury would know is that there were these images on the computer," Matthew said. "And here's me sitting in the courtroom…let's blame him because he was on the computer, obviously he did it." 'We Had No Faith' Even if he was only convicted on one count, Matthew would have faced 10 years in jail, and have his "life ruined," said Novak. "We had no faith," said Jeannie Bandy. "Our lawyers had no faith. We were told he more than likely would end up in jail." So the Bandys took a deal from the prosecution. In exchange for dropping all counts of child pornography, Matthew pleaded guilty to the strange charge of distributing obscene materials to minors -- a "Playboy" magazine to his classmates. "To be precise, he was charged with showing [a Playboy magazine to other 16-year-olds] before school, at lunch and after school," Greg Bandy said. But the Bandy family nightmare was not over. While the prosecution deal offered no jail time for Matthew, he would still be labeled a sex offender. Under Arizona law and in most states around the country, sex crimes carry with them a life of branding. Matthew would be forced to register as a sex offender everywhere he lived, for the rest of his life. "I have to stay away from children," said Matthew. "I cannot be around any area where there might be minors, including the mall, or the movies, or restaurants or even church. To go to church I have to have written consent from our priest, I have to sit in a different pew, one that doesn't have a child sitting in it." 'Computers Are Not Safe' The judge couldn't believe the prosecution was insisting on sex offender status and invited Matthew to appeal. "20/20" was there when two years of fear and misery finally ended. A message arrived from the judge, ironically on the computer, informing them that Matthew would not be labeled a sex offender. Matt and his parents had won his life back. In the den of the Bandy home sits the family computer, now unplugged from the Internet. The Bandys learned that, for them, the Web is simply too dangerous. "It means that computers are not safe," said Jeannie. "I don't want to have one in my house. Under even under the strictest rules and the strictest security, your computer is vulnerable." http://abcnews.go.com/2020/LegalCenter/story?id=2785054 ![]() MySpace Hit With Online Predator Suits AP Four families have sued News Corp. and its MySpace social-networking site after their underage daughters were sexually abused by adults they met on the site, lawyers for the families said Thursday. The law firms, Barry & Loewy LLP of Austin, Texas, and Arnold & Itkin LLP of Houston, said families from New York, Texas, Pennsylvania and South Carolina filed separate suits Wednesday in Los Angeles Superior Court, alleging negligence, recklessness, fraud and negligent misrepresentation by the companies. ''In our view, MySpace waited entirely too long to attempt to institute meaningful security measures that effectively increase the safety of their underage users,'' said Jason A. Itkin, an Arnold & Itkin lawyer. MySpace, based in Los Angeles, did not immediately return calls for comment. Critics including parents, school officials and police have been increasingly warning of online predators at sites like MySpace, where youth-oriented visitors are encouraged to expand their circles of friends using free messaging tools and personal profile pages. MySpace has responded with added educational efforts and partnerships with law enforcement. The company has also placed restrictions on how adults may contact younger users on MySpace, while developing technologies such as one announced Wednesday to let parents see some aspects of their child's online profile, including the stated age. That tool is expected this summer. The lawyers who filed the latest lawsuits said the plaintiffs include a 15-year-old girl from Texas who was lured to a meeting, drugged and assaulted in 2006 by an adult MySpace user, who is currently serving a 10-year sentence in Texas after pleading guilty to sexual assault. The others are a 15-year-old girl from Pennsylvania, a 14-year-old from New York and two South Carolina sisters, ages 14 and 15. Last June, the mother of a 14-year-old who says she was sexually assaulted by a 19-year-old user sued MySpace and News Corp., seeking $30 million in damages. That lawsuit, filed in a Texas state court, claims the 19-year-old lied about being a senior in high school to gain her trust and phone number. News Corp. shares hit a new 52-week high of $24.07 in morning trading on the New York Stock Exchange before slipping back to $24.01, up 31 cents. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/finan.../D8MNPGPO0.htm ![]() Boys and Girls Use Social Sites Differently Alex Mindlin Older teenage girls are far more likely than younger girls, or boys of any age, to use social-networking sites like MySpace or Facebook, according to a recent study by the Pew Internet & American Life Project. The study found that, while older girls use such sites the most, older boys are more likely to meet new people through them. Sixty percent of older boys, for example, say they use the sites to make new friends, while only 46 percent of older girls do. And older boys are more than twice as likely to say they use the sites to flirt. “Older boys are much more expansive in their use of the sites,” said Amanda Lenhart, one of the study’s two authors. “I believe that it has a lot to do with socialization. A lot of the media messages about safety tend to be aimed more at girls than boys.” The study was conducted over a month last fall, through telephone interviews with households with minor children, who were identified from random calls over the last three years. The data was weighted to be nationally representative in terms of sex, age, education, race and other factors. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/15/bu...erland&emc=rss ![]() 22-Year-Old Killed After Being Drawn Into Internet Deceptions Carolyn Thompson He was an 18-year-old Marine headed to war. She was an attractive young woman sending him off from afar with pictures and lingerie. Or so each one thought. In reality, they were two middle-aged people carrying on an Internet fantasy based on seemingly harmless lies. When a truthful 22-year-old was drawn in, their cyber escape turned deadly. "When you're on the Internet talking, you haven't got a clue who that is on the other end," Erie County Sheriff's Lt. Ron Kenyon said. "You don't have a clue." --- When Brian Barrett was shot to death Sept. 15 outside the factory where he worked to help pay for college, investigators and his family were stumped. Barrett, 22, was an aspiring industrial arts teacher, an accomplished high school athlete who'd coached Little League all summer and helped his father coach soccer. Quiet and unassuming is how those who knew him described the Buffalo State College student. But he had clearly been targeted. Barrett was shot three times at close range, in the neck and left arm, after climbing into his truck about 10 p.m. at the end of a shift at Dynabrade Corp. in suburban Clarence. His body was found two days later when a co-worker spotted his pickup in a company parking lot. "He was just a nice kid, a gentleman," said Starpoint High School Athletic Director Tom Sarkovics, who coached Barrett for two years. "I don't think anybody could say a bad thing about him." On Nov. 27, Barrett's 47-year-old co-worker and friend, Thomas Montgomery, was charged with Barrett's murder. The motive, said investigators, was jealousy over Barrett's budding Internet relationship with the same 18-year-old woman Montgomery had been wooing since the previous year. What neither man knew was that the woman was really a 40-something West Virginia mother who was using her daughter's identity to attract Internet suitors. Cyberspace, it appears, was enough for her and it was a near certainty she would never have met either man. "The game would have been over at that point and time for sure," Kenyon said. When Montgomery began chatting with the woman in 2005, the former Marine portrayed himself as perhaps a previous version of himself - a young Marine preparing for deployment to Iraq, Assistant District Attorney Ken Case said. For a time, they communicated strictly through chat rooms and e-mail. Then the woman began sending gifts to Montgomery's home, Case said. Pictures of the woman's daughter, lingerie and a set of custom-made dog tags arrived at the pale yellow house in the suburbs that Montgomery shared with his wife and two teenage children. Montgomery's wife intercepted one of the packages, Case said. She wrote back to the woman at the return address, and included a family portrait to make her point. "As you can see, Tom's not 18," Case said she wrote. "He's married and he's a father of two. He's 47 and I'm his wife." And, believing she was writing to an 18-year-old: "You've obviously been fooled." The West Virginia woman - whom authorities will not publicly identify - remembered a friend named Brian that Montgomery had mentioned. She recalled enough of his computer screen name to contact Barrett to ask him about what Montgomery's wife had told her. Soon Barrett was in regular contact with the woman - the only one in the triangle to portray himself honestly. Despite knowing the truth about Montgomery, the woman remained in contact with him as well, Case said. The woman made no secret of the fact she was chatting with Barrett, Case said, and Barrett talked about the relationship at work. Montgomery, authorities say, became jealous. Sheriff's investigators believe Barrett's killer wore camouflage and a ski mask when he approached with a .30-caliber rifle and fired at close range. Montgomery, who has not confessed, is being held without bail after pleading not guilty to second-degree murder. At a recent court appearance, he wore glasses and handcuffs and walked with a limp. He stood silently as a judge set a preliminary trial date for June. His wife has begun divorce proceedings, Case said. Mrs. Montgomery did not respond to a telephone message or answer a reporter's knock at her home in suburban Cheektowaga, where a minivan sat parked in the driveway. Montgomery's alleged actions "have impacted everyone else's lives around him for the rest of their lives," observed Internet crime expert J.A. Hitchcock, author of "Net Crimes & Misdemeanors." "I'm hoping that this case will make people think twice about what they do online and what their actions can cause in the long run," she said. The high school Barrett attended recently had a seminar to teach parents how to avoid Internet predators, Sarkovics said. "When you think about it, you almost have to do it for adults as well," he said. "It could be anybody." http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories...EAST&TEMPLATE= ![]() The Camera Phone The gadget that perverts, vigilantes, and celebrity stalkers can all agree on. Michael Agger Ten years ago, Philippe Kahn was walking around a hospital with a cell phone and a digital camera. His dadly mission: to share pictures of his newborn baby girl. With an assist from Radio Shack, he linked the two devices together and e-mailed photos to family and friends around the world. The day marked a twin birth of sorts: the cell phone camera and daughter Sophie. Kahn regards his invention with paternal pride: "I built it to document the birth of my daughter. For us, it has always been a positive thing." So he was taken aback recently when, with the Saddam-hanging video circling the globe, an interviewer compared him to the inventor of the Kalashnikov. First there was Prince Harry's Nazi costume, then the shaming of Kate Moss, then the Michael Richards racist explosion, but, for some, Saddam's hanging marks the low point for Kahn's creation. A camera on a phone has only aided the perverted, the nosy, the violent, and the bored. That's not exactly fair, but it's not exactly wrong, either. As Kahn told Wired in 2000: "With this kind of device, you're going to see the best and the worst of things." The best would include photo caller-ID, amateur sports highlights, and the quick citizen snaps taken in the wake of the London bombings. Yet, despite the fun and occasional worthiness, the cell phone camera has launched a thousand jackasses. One representative example: Sportscaster Sean Salisbury was suspended by ESPN last month, reportedly for showing female co-workers cell phone photos of his "equipment." When video technology was added to phones (with little fanfare), the madness went up a notch. English youths devised a pleasant game called "happy slapping," which involves assaulting random strangers while your mates record the whole thing. The happy slapping craze spread throughout Europe last year, leading to outraged op-eds and calls to ban cell phones from schools. While the phenomenon is marked by more than a touch of media hysteria, you can certainly find disturbing videos on YouTube. (The French, naturally, replied with "Streetkissing.") There have also been news reports of graphic videos showing beatings and accidents, such as an unfortunate boy in Birmingham, United Kingdom, who impaled himself on his bicycle. Teenagers have employed cell phone cameras for old-fashioned humiliation, too: The parking lot fight is now captured on video and shared. To be an adult is to be grateful to have escaped the digital hazing of high school. In glorious retrospect, it seems like a terrifically bad idea to give the world a spy camera that looks and functions like a cell phone. Peeping Toms quickly realized the potential for upskirt pics and shower-room souvenirs. Chicago tried to block cell phones from gyms, and a California legislator has proposed a law requiring the cell phone to make a shutter snapping sound or flash a light when a picture is taken. We have trained ourselves to be wary when a cell phone is pointed at us, but the device's relative inconspicuousness still creates problems. In Saudi Arabia, women have been taking pictures of other women unveiled at weddings and e-mailing them to matchmakers, a practice that has caused uproar in a culture in which any sort of image can be cause for loss of honor. The cell phone camera, constant companion, has also been championed as an anti-crime device. There have been several Rodney King moments, with bystanders pulling out their cameras to record sketchy police activity. One woman took a shot of a flasher on a New York subway, a photo that ended up on the cover of the New York Post the next day. There is also a mini-boom in sites to catch people who park like idiots, stare too long, and mistreat your kids. Think of this as the positive side of living in 1984. The more difficult question, the one that lurks outside the media glare, is how the cell phone camera is altering our private lives. In the perceptive book Kodak and the Lens of Nostalgia, Nancy Martha West writes how Kodak, with the introduction of the personal camera, taught Americans to both conceive of their lives in terms of fondly remembered events and to edit out unpleasant memories. In Victorian America, for example, arranging to take a photo of a dead relative was not uncommon—a part of the grieving process. Under the reign of Kodak and its advertising, we became family historians of happiness. Now that digital cameras have taken over, the old photo album is giving way to the personal Flickr page, bringing with it a different set of assumptions of what to present (a whole lot more photos, for starters) and whom to share it with. The ubiquity of the cell phone camera means that every moment in our lives is photographable. One consequence of this is an altered perception of the gravity of our day-to-day routines. We are now more aware of ourselves as observers of "history." When a van catches fire in front of our house, we and our neighbors are now out on the lawn recording. We e-mail this to our friends, who testify to the enormity of the event, and then we all await the next sensation. This impulse can be positive, but it also fuels the increasingly destructive American habit of oversharing. The snapshot speaks with a small voice: I'm alive and I saw this. The cell phone camera picture or video is a shout from the rooftop: Check out this crazy thing that happened to me. Picture sharing has also made us more aggressive in situations in which we feel insecure, such as in the presence of celebrities. Susan Sontag described the essentially hostile nature of taking pictures as a form of "soft" murder. In the age of cell phones, this scalp-hunting sensibility is achieving full flower. Let's say you're in Asbury Park and you see Bruce Springsteen with his kids. The old impulse would have been to ask the Boss if you could take your picture with him. The new impulse is to snap the shot with a cell phone camera and sell it to a site like Scoopt. No wonder famous people don't want to hang out with us. So, before we move on to the next racist comedian or cocaine-snorting supermodel, let's put the Saddam video in context. It is a weird echo of the Zapruder film, another piece of amateur footage that caught the death of a leader. The differences are stark, of course. Zapruder captured Kennedy while standing openly in the Dallas sunlight. The official who videoed Saddam did so furtively, pointing his camera to the ground at times. But they both testify to the power of first-person witnessing, and how a digital copy of that witnessing can upend neat narratives and certainties. We'll see the best of things, we'll see the worst of things, we'll see everything. http://www.slate.com/id/2157736/ ![]() Cool Concept Camera Collects Other's Pictures When You Click MrBabyMan This camera will capture a moment in time, but without any optical elements. The camera memorizes the time you push the button, then begins to search the Net for any other pictures taken in that exact same moment. After a few minutes, a photo appears that captures that same moment from someone else's eyes. http://www.digg.com/gadgets/Cool_con...when_you_click ![]() Finnish waffles DRM, GPLv3 Just 'Hot Air': Linus Torvalds Munir Kotadia and Chris Duckett Digital rights management and the General Public License cause a lot of 'hot air' to be exchanged but they are not a 'big deal', according to the creator of Linux, Linus Torvalds. DRM is a technology used to control the copying and distribution of content such as music and films while GPLv3 is a software licence drafted by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) and intended to be used to govern how free and open source software can be copied and changed. According to Torvalds, both DRM technology and GPLv3 will cause "lots of arguments" but in the bigger scheme of things, neither will stop good technology from prevailing. "I suspect -- and I may not be right -- but when it comes to things like DRM or licensing, people get really very excited about them. People have very strong opinions. I have very strong opinions and they happen to be for different reasons than many other people. "It ends up in a situation where people really like to argue -- and that very much includes me… I expect this to raise a lot of bad blood but at the same time, at the end of the day, I don't think it really matters that much. "I think it is going to cause a lot of hot air, it's going to cause a lot of hurt feelings, there is going to be a lot of arguments about it. But in practice will it be a big deal? I suspect it is not going to be that big. But time will tell," Torvalds said during an interview at linux.conf.au in Sydney today. Torvalds admitted he has a particular dislike for DRM technology because it makes life more difficult for users. "One reason I really dislike DRM is that it is technologically an inferior solution to not doing DRM. It actually makes it harder for people to do what they want to do. It makes it harder to do things that you really should be able to do," said Torvalds. Although Torvalds admits he is "very much down on DRM", he is tolerant of other people using the technology. "At the same time, on a completely different tangent -- forget about technology -- I am a big believer in letting people do what they want to do. If somebody wants to do DRM it is their problem. I don't want anything to do with it. "It is something that sometimes puts me at odds with people in the technical area who have an agenda that they want to drive,' he said. GPLv3 just another licence When asked about GPLv3, which is due for release in the first quarter of this year, Torvalds said it was 'interesting' but also not a big deal. "It is certainly interesting since the GPLv2 has been a defacto standard in the open source free software group for 16 years -- or something like that. It's a long time and in that sense it is a watershed event. "At the same time, if you look at the number of licenses that people have been using over the years, it is just another licence. It is not that big a deal. It depends on how you look at it," he added. The current version of the GPL (v2) was published in 1991 and applies to around two thirds of free and open source software. The best technology will win, eventually Torvalds believes that despite all the arguments about which technology or software development methodology is better, 'good technology' will win in the end. "One of the issues I have is that the most important thing is good technology. It's not about being commercial or non-commercial, open source or closed source. To me, the reason I do open source is, it is fun. That is the most basic thing. "I also happen to believe that it is the best way to, eventually, get the best end result. Part of that is the 'eventually'. At any particular point in time, it may not always be the best thing right then," he said. http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/softwar...9273084,00.htm ![]() Historians Appeal ‘Da Vinci Code’ Case Lawrence Van Gelder The two historians who lost their plagiarism case against the British publishers of the best seller “The Da Vinci Code” by Dan Brown turned to the Court of Appeal in Britain yesterday in an effort to reverse their loss in a case that also saddles them with a legal bill of more than $2 million, The Associated Press reported. Lawyers for the historians, Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh, argued that the “vast amount of skill and labor” they expended in writing their book “The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail,” first published in 1982, is “protectable.” They contend that Mr. Brown stole significant parts of it for his novel. Both books are based on the theory that Jesus and Mary Magdalene married and had a child, and that the bloodline continues to this day. In April, Justice Peter Smith ruled that Random House had not breached the copyright of “The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail,” and Mr. Baigent and Mr. Leigh were ordered to pay 85 percent of Random House’s legal bill, estimated at $2.6 million. In a statement, Random House expressed regret “that more time and money is being spent trying to establish a case that was so comprehensively defeated in the High Court.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/17/books/17davinci.html ![]() The Twilight Years of Cap'n Crunch Silicon Valley legend John Draper made his name with brains and pranks, before slipping to the margins Three jail stints and the 'rave' scene Chris Rhoads Underneath a highway bisecting this Silicon Valley town, home to Google Inc. and other tech giants, John Draper crammed his bulky frame through the door of a friend's home: a battered 1978 Chevy diesel bus. Radio parts, a wrench set, arthritis medication and a book on robotics cluttered the dashboard. A padded bench for sleeping and a greasy stove filled the back.1 Steve LaBadessa John Draper talks computers with Dave Bengel, an old friend. "What do you want for lunch?" asked Dave Bengel, a self-taught engineer. "Salmon," responded Mr. Draper, 63, who has few teeth and wears the same clothes for days. He is better known in Silicon Valley as "Cap'n Crunch," a legendary figure who 25 years ago epitomized the freewheeling, prank-filled culture that gave birth to high tech. "Salmon, all right!" cried Mr. Bengel. He set about preparing the meal -- obtained free from a Whole Foods worker who leaves outdated products near a dumpster at a prearranged time. In the decades since Mr. Draper gained fame for his hacking skills as a "phone phreak" -- he once claimed to have gotten then-President Nixon on the phone -- Silicon Valley has aged and matured. Pioneers that Mr. Draper worked with, such as Apple's Steve Jobs, have gone on to become wealthy members of the business establishment. THEN THERE is "Cap'n Crunch," part of an aging community of high-tech wunderkinds. Once tolerated, even embraced, for his eccentricities, Mr. Draper now lives on the margins of this affluent world, still striving to carve out a role in the business mainstream. Although his appearance and hand-to-mouth existence belie it, Mr. Draper developed one of the first word-processing programs as well as the technology that made possible voice-activated telephone menus. He receives invitations to speak to foreign governments and international conferences. At a recent celebration of Apple Inc.'s 30th anniversary, Mr. Draper, sporting a straggly beard, stood to contribute a story, causing the room to break into applause. Mr. Draper spent three stints in jail in the 1970s for tampering with the phone system. A court-appointed psychiatrist once found him to be "psychotic," although another found nothing wrong with him. Until a fall at a conference in Istanbul aggravated a back injury, Mr. Draper was a regular in the rave scene, where people gather in remote locations and dance through the night to electronic music. Mr. Draper once did $10,000 worth of Web-site design and other computer work for a Bay-area therapist in return for physical therapy on his back because he lacks health insurance. "When I first met him, he was toothless, wearing ripped jeans and looked like a hippie," says Tolga Katas, a music producer and computer programmer in Las Vegas who recently hired Mr. Draper to do technical work for his new Web entertainment company. "Then I learned what he has done and was blown away."VIDEO Mr. Draper calls aging veterans like himself part of an "off-the-grid" community. Steve Inness, 47, helped develop touch-screen cellphone technology and does programming work for startups. In recent years, he's lived on the floors and couches of employers; he was last seen hitchhiking in the desert outside Las Vegas. Roy Kaylor, 68, built one of the first electric cars in the early 1970s and contributed to a government-supported effort to develop the technology. He lives in a trailer without electricity in the Santa Cruz mountains. Mr. Draper's recent lunch host, Mr. Bengel, 61, designed an electrohydraulic machine tool and says he has worked for several Silicon Valley companies. Mr. Draper is the best known. "He was the king of the nerds," says Allan Lundell, who runs an independent film company and has chronicled the evolution of Silicon Valley. Mr. Draper's father was a U.S. Air Force engineer and the family moved frequently. His younger brother, Ron, recalls John rummaging for electronic parts on military bases where the family lived, on one occasion building a radio station in his bedroom. John was not an easy child, often bucking under the authority of his sometimes-distant father, who is now deceased. John threw tantrums when his parents smoked, says Ron, a piano teacher. Mr. Draper says he hated his parents' smoking and felt aggrieved by their refusal to stop. "Our father didn't understand what John needed, which was a constant supply of education and resources," says Ron. "He absorbed this stuff like a sponge." Ron Draper says his parents briefly sought psychiatric treatment for his brother when he was a child for what they said was a "chemical imbalance. "I liked the sessions," says Mr. Draper of the psychiatric counseling. "At least someone was listening to me." He acknowledges he can become obsessive but denies the idea there's anything wrong with him. In 1964, after taking some college courses, Mr. Draper joined the Air Force, which his parents thought would provide much-needed discipline. He was sent to Alaska and later Maine, where he served as a radar technician. Since the soldiers had only one phone line on which to call home, Mr. Draper began tinkering with the access codes and figured out how to make free calls through the local switchboard. After an honorable discharge in 1968, he built gear for several companies in the San Francisco Bay area. But his work, much of which was military-related, was out of step with the counterculture blooming around him. Mr. Draper grew his hair and began spending more time on a pirate radio station, which he operated from the back of his green Volkswagen van to make it harder for authorities to track the signal. He also turned his attention to the phone system, an attraction for like-minded techies before the arrival of personal computers. Mr. Draper learned how to make free calls by imitating the tones used by the phone company. He learned from other "phone phreaks" -- as the hackers called themselves -- including blind teenagers with near-perfect pitch. Mr. Draper learned that a toy whistle found in a cereal box would also imitate the required tones, earning him the nickname Cap'n Crunch. The point was not just to make free calls but to explore and learn from the phone company's rich and complicated system. On one occasion, Mr. Draper says he learned the code word needed to speak with the president -- "Olympus" -- and got through to someone on a secure line he thought was President Nixon. Mr. Draper says he told the man about a toilet-paper shortage in Los Angeles. Authorities began to take notice, particularly after a lengthy article on phone phreaking appeared in the October 1971 edition of Esquire magazine. Mr. Draper, the group's ringleader, was arrested for the first time several months later on charges of wire fraud, and received a five-year probation. The Esquire article also caught the attention of Steve Wozniak, an eventual Apple co-founder, who invited Mr. Draper to his dorm room at the University of California at Berkeley. When Mr. Draper appeared that evening, Mr. Wozniak, then 21, was taken aback by his guest's appearance and odor, Mr. Wozniak wrote in his recent autobiography. "Are you Cap'n Crunch?" Mr. Wozniak asked in disbelief, according to the book. "I am he," Mr. Draper responded as he strode into the room. Mr. Draper showed Mr. Wozniak and a friend, Mr. Jobs, how to build a device that could produce telephone tones. The pair turned the knowledge into a small business on the Berkeley campus, their first collaboration before founding Apple a few years later. Mr. Wozniak employed Mr. Draper at Apple, where as a contractor in 1977 he designed a device that could immediately identify phone signals and lines -- such as ones that made free calls -- something modems were not able to do for a decade. The technology would later be used for tone-activated calling menus, voice mail and other purposes. APPLE DROPPED the device, called a phone board, anxious to avoid negative publicity from its association with illegal phoning, according to former Apple employees. "It was a great board and others at Apple didn't recognize that," says Mr. Wozniak. Mr. Draper became closer to Mr. Wozniak than to Mr. Jobs, who sometimes felt uncomfortable around Mr. Draper, former Apple employees recall. "John was a little strange and Jobs felt better staying away from him," says Mr. Wozniak, who has remained in touch with Mr. Draper over the years. Mr. Jobs in an email declines to comment. Just as the computer revolution was about to begin, Mr. Draper's legal problems steered him away from the action. He was sentenced to prison for phone fraud in 1976 and again in 1978, and says he was attacked during that second stint by an inmate with a baseball bat, permanently damaging his back. The next year -- after his third bust for phone fraud -- he was berated for his behavior. "You have to pay for your long-distance phone calls," a San Jose U.S. District Court judge told Mr. Draper at his sentencing, according to an account in the San Francisco Chronicle. "Is that a very difficult moral concept to grasp?" Mr. Draper's lawyer replied: "His entire reality has to do with the technology of computers and telephones. When he gets involved with the technology aspect, he loses all sense of morality." TWO COURT-APPOINTED psychiatrists examined Mr. Draper. One concluded he had an "underdeveloped sense of people" and was "psychotic"; the other found nothing wrong with him, according to the Chronicle article. In 1979, while serving a sentence of a year of nights in the Alameda County jail -- it was later reduced to a few months -- Mr. Draper wrote the EasyWriter word-processing program. At night he wrote code in longhand, diligently preparing for the next day when he could spend time in the offices of a software company he founded with friends. Mr. Draper received permission from the sheriff's office to attend a computer fair in 1979 in San Francisco, where the program, named after the cult film "Easy Rider," was a hit. It became Apple's first word-processing program. When IBM launched its first PC, it also chose EasyWriter, over competition from other programmers, including a young Bill Gates. Mr. Draper bought a Mercedes and a home in Hawaii. But the company he founded, Cap'n Software Inc., earned less than $1 million in revenue over a six-year period, according to Mr. Draper and Matthew McIntosh, who ran operations. The real winner was Bill Baker, who handled EasyWriter's distribution and marketing through his own company. Without Mr. Draper's knowledge, Mr. Baker hired his own programmers to create EasyWriter II just as Cap'n Software was publishing EasyWriter 1.1. Cap'n Software sued and the matter was settled in court with Mr. Baker paying the pair an undisclosed amount. Mr. Baker, now an Internet entrepreneur in Corona del Mar, Calif., says his version of EasyWriter was for the higher-end corporate market and didn't conflict with Mr. Draper's, although he acknowledges the possibility for confusion. Mr. Baker says he helped Mr. Draper get a start in business. "There are people who see themselves as victims no matter how much money or how many opportunities you give them," says Mr. Baker, who sold his distribution company in 1983 for $10 million. Mr. Draper worked for several years in the late 1980s for Autodesk Inc., a San Rafael, Calif., company that makes design software. He was laid off along with others when new management arrived. It would be his last corporate job. Through the 1990s, the story was the same. Mr. Draper was qualified for any number of openings, but some companies didn't want to hire someone with a criminal record while others remained wary of his eccentricities. Promising opportunities with Apple and NASA came and went, he says. As Silicon Valley was taking flight again, this time with the Internet boom, Mr. Draper turned to the rave scene. He traveled as far as Australia and India, where he got by for months at a time earning money designing Web sites and writing computer code. Mr. Draper several years ago developed some Internet-security equipment and started a company. Some clients were interested, but the company foundered when one of its executives, a fellow raver, made off with much of the money from investors, say Mr. Draper and another executive, John Johnson. Mr. Johnson is still trying to make a go of the product, with Mr. Draper's help. Mr. Johnson's dilemma is whether to use Mr. Draper's name -- or hide it. "Some companies say we don't want any contact with that guy," says Mr. Johnson, who says he's in advanced discussions with the U.S. Department of Defense about the product. The Pentagon declines to comment. Mr. Katas, who recently hired Mr. Draper to work for his online entertainment company, en2go.com, recently arranged to have Mr. Draper meet a software executive in Beverly Hills as a possible source for more work. Before the meeting, Mr. Katas emailed the executive about the "legendary John Draper," listing his achievements. Mr. Draper, who was included in the email, replied to the executive and Mr. Katas that he had no money for parking and doubted that his car would make the trip across town. "John just doesn't understand that if he seems unsuccessful, then successful people won't understand how talented he really is," says Christine Marie. Ms. Marie does promotional work for Mr. Katas and helps Mr. Draper organize his business life, handling invitations to speak at conferences and an online TV show he produces that deals with Internet security. She also occasionally cleans up his apartment and washes his clothes. Mr. Draper's friends from the EasyWriter days worry that time is running out. Work is getting harder to find now that tech companies are outsourcing programming work to inexpensive labor markets overseas. Contemporaries who've gone on to riches and fame say they've tried to help Mr. Draper over the years. Mr. Wozniak, who now invests in high-tech companies and is involved in computer education in schools, recently gave Mr. Draper a new Apple Powerbook computer. He has also helped out with Mr. Draper's legal bills. Mr. Wozniak says Mr. Draper's problem is that his skills lie in technology rather in making business deals or starting a company. "He didn't come from a business orientation," says Mr. Wozniak. Mr. Draper's unusual behavior, such as shouting at anyone smoking anywhere near him, could wear on fellow workers and employers. "He was not a self-starter, or associated with all the companies springing up back then," says Mr. Wozniak. "But, actually, John is one of the happiest guys I know, no matter what his situation seems." ON A RECENT MORNING at a Bob's Big Boy restaurant in Burbank, Calif., where he goes when he has enough money, Mr. Draper ordered his usual breakfast: eggs and bacon first, to be followed five to seven minutes later by grilled pancakes loaded with butter and syrup. The first course arrived. "The bacon's too greasy, I can't accept these," he shouted at the waiter. Mr. Draper sends back his bacon about 70% of the time. He says that since he has no opposing teeth, the bacon needs to be crisp enough to break off in his mouth. He lost most of his teeth from infrequent dental care, which he blames on his lack of health insurance. After breakfast, Mr. Draper returned to his one-room apartment beside a four-lane expressway. The apartment was in squalor, with open cereal boxes, clothes in trash bags, computers and old newspapers strewn about. Mr. Draper left an angry voice message for a client who hadn't paid for some programming work. He fretted that without the money he would have difficulty covering his electricity bill that month. "I'm blacklisted, man, a permanent menace to society, I guess," he said. "It's too bad because there are some things I think I could contribute." http://online.wsj.com/public/article...html?mod=blogs ![]() Sundance Dream Most Notable for an Absence David Carr MICHAEL ROIFF could be forgiven for seeming a little discombobulated on Tuesday night. A first-time producer with “Waitress,” one of the higher-profile movies at the Sundance Film Festival here, he had just arrived and was knocking around a rented condominium, trying to figure out where everything was and how to get a flat-screen television to behave for another look at the film. But something more profound had him at loose ends. Adrienne Shelly, the writer, director and one of the stars of the film, was not there, and she was not coming. Ms. Shelly was murdered on Nov. 1 in her Greenwich Village office. Although it was initially thought that her death was a suicide because she was found hanging from a shower rod, a construction worker has been charged with murder, accused of staging the scene after an altercation with Ms. Shelly. Mr. Roiff, who worked with Ms. Shelly for two years on “Waitress” and was continuing to work with her on other projects, talked to her the night before her death. “We talked about what we always talked about, which was the movie, Sundance and whether it would get in,” he said, idly tapping the remote control. And it did, although Ms. Shelly, 40, did not know that before she was killed — the selections had already been made, but notifications had not been sent out. She leaves behind a husband, Andrew Ostroy, and a 3-year-old daughter, Sophie, along with a film that offers a tender-hearted rumination on a woman who is trying to find her place as she faces impending motherhood and the constant threat of violence from her brutish husband. The movie evinces sunniness amid all sorts of gloom, a prism on life that should come in handy in the next few days, as friends and family members fly in for its premiere on Sunday. “She likes to juxtapose comedy and tragedy, in part because real life doesn’t get compartmentalized,” Mr. Roiff said, letting the allusion to the present circumstance speak for itself. He apologized for still referring to Ms. Shelly in the present tense, but said it was all still very raw. “It is unbelievable to me that I am in Park City, and she is not,” he said. “She so much wanted this film to get in here, to be seen, and that’s why all of us knew that there was no way that she committed suicide. This movie is a huge turning point in her career.” All films arrive at Sundance with a back story, but none have the poignancy of “Waitress.” At a festival where films frantically vie for attention in a crush that lasts 11 days and is dappled with parties and events, “Waitress” hits a very different note. “It is bizarre coming there under these circumstances,” said Keri Russell, the star of the movie, who is best known for her role as television’s “Felicity” and for playing the love interest of Tom Cruise’s character in “Mission: Impossible III.” “Sundance is a raging, nonstop party, a huge celebration, and you feel so lucky to be there. This will be very different for all of us, but I have huge affection for her family, and I think all of us believe that this movie deserves every bit of attention it can get.” Even for someone who did not know Ms. Shelly, watching the movie might prove to be a bittersweet experience. What seems like a joke-filled riff on expressing yourself through domestic arts — Ms. Russell’s character, a waitress named Jenna, has a penchant for baking and advances pies as plot points, including “Kick in the Pants Pie” and “Pregnant Self-Pitying Loser Pie” — takes on dramatic weight and portent as the movie proceeds. Written by Ms. Shelly when she was in the end stage of her pregnancy, it is a frank examination of the fears of impending motherhood, particularly when it occurs within the confines of a disastrous marriage. What could have been another indie confection takes on additional heft by virtue of a strong cast — including Nathan Fillion, Jeremy Sisto, Cheryl Hines and, of course, Ms. Shelly herself, who stepped aside as the lead and cast Ms. Russell instead. Ms. Shelly plays Dawn, one of three waitresses working at a pie shop. Ms. Shelly recently appeared in “Factotum,” the Charles Bukowski-inspired film starring Matt Dillon, and came to prominence as a muse for Hal Hartley, whose films “Trust” and “The Unbelievable Truth” were Sundance hits. Mr. Hartley, who will be here Monday for the showing of his latest film, “Fay Grim,” said Ms. Shelly had a rather complicated relationship with the profession of acting. “She had a funny attitude about her ambitions to be an actress — she was skeptical of her own motives — and I think that came through in her work, to good effect,” he said. Mr. Hartley, who will be attending a Monday pie-eating contest here on behalf of the film, said Ms. Shelly had no such conflicts about her work as a writer and director. “She had so many different things going, I had trouble keeping track,” he said. “She knew completely what she wanted, and I think her confidence was growing with each film that she made.” Her work as an actress in her own movie is less affecting than the sensibility that drives the film. A tragicomic mash-up with a high/low music score, it ends in a very significant hug, one that in light of subsequent events could be easily mined for allegorical meaning. Her friends and collaborators, who were initially trying to diagram how somebody who was in full stride as a mother and filmmaker could commit suicide, at least found a place to put her death, once it was revealed to be a murder. Ms. Shelly was in the midst of writing other projects in her office and argued about construction noise with Diego Pillco, a 19-year-old immigrant from Ecuador. Notes made by investigators who interviewed him say he admitted that he punched her, then pushed her, causing her to hit her head on a table. There were reports that Mr. Pillco was worried that he would be deported and staged the suicide; he was questioned after police found a footprint that did not belong to Ms. Shelly. “Hearing the news was one of the strangest feelings I have encountered,” Mr. Roiff said of the arrest. “A huge burden was lifted by this horrible news, because it was so much better than the horrible news that came before it.” Because Ms. Shelly had such a clear idea of what she wanted and was not shy about making it happen — Mr. Roiff, Ms. Russell and Mr. Hartley all spoke of her single-mindedness — her absence here as the film makes the rounds is all the more acute. The other people involved in the film, which had a budget in the low millions, retain significant commercial hopes for it. Mr. Roiff said he believed that “Waitress” had a bright future on its own merits, something that people used to say about its director as well. Ms. Shelly had strong feelings about the objectification of women on camera and had a belief that she and other women belonged behind the camera as well. With that in mind, her husband has created a foundation in her name that will provide money to women interested in making the transition from acting to directing, a path that currently seems far more open to men. “Waitress” could be seen as something of a curio here, the movie by that director, a possibility that her friends and colleagues cannot abide. The premiere, Mr. Hartley said gravely, “is a chance to get on with it.” “It is gratifying that a friend’s work is being shown and getting attention,” he added. “The movie deserves it.” Whatever the motivation, a crowd will gather, one that is predisposed to dwell on the film’s message of redemption and hope, as opposed to the calamity of last November. In the production notes, the only place that the director is now able to speak in support of her film, she sounds as if she saw that coming. “I feel like there are a hundred people around me all the time,” she writes, “all rooting for this thing to go well.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/mo...shel.html?8dpc ![]() A Place Where Hope Dies, and a Boy Who Escapes Manohla Dargis A dark fairy tale from Russia, “The Italian” — more on that title in a moment — pulls you into a richly atmospheric, persuasively inhabited world teeming with foundlings and pathos. Directed by Andrei Kravchuk, making his feature debut, from a screenplay by Andrei Romanov, the film pivots on a 6-year-old stray, Vanya (the wonderful Kolya Spiridonov), who lives in an institution easily meriting that well-worn adjective Dickensian. Overcrowded and brutally underfinanced, it is the kind of place in which hope dies slowly but surely, vanishing a little more with each new birthday. It is a holding pen for young bodies with very old souls. The story opens once upon a time not long ago when two Italians, a giddy, gregarious husband and wife, arrive at the foundling home in the company of a corrupt adoption broker, simply called Madam (Maria Kuznetsova). Bursting confidently out of her snug clothes, her eyes twinkling with malice and greed, Madam arranges for foreigners to adopt Russian children, including the ones here. The husband and wife have come for Vanya, a little Italian to call their own (hence the film’s title). But first there are papers to sign, bureaucratic channels to cross, personalities to meet, a world to discover, perils to note, jokes and toasts and scenes to be made, and the careful creation of an engrossingly dramatic reason for us to keep watching. That dramatic hook arrives in the person of a weeping woman, a Russian mother who has come to reclaim the son she once abandoned. But the child is long gone, having been adopted by a foreign family or, more terrifyingly, by an organ purveyor. After spilling her tears, she takes a cue from one of the great sacrificial victims of Russian literature and leaps under a train. The news gets back to the institution, where the children start buzzing fearfully, worried that their own mothers may try to come back to fetch them, only to end up dead. Among the most concerned is Vanya, whose anxiety inspires a ferocious, heroic quest, one that takes him far from the home and into a kingdom dangerously alive with ogres and witches. These are not real ogres and witches, naturally, though they loom just as menacingly as any fairy-tale fiend. Among the scariest is Madam, who keeps a close watch on her future sales while aided and abetted by Sery (Sasha Syrotkin), an all-purpose lackey who drives her S.U.V. and occasionally checks under her hood. Madam more or less runs the home, stingily paying off the old rummy who serves as its headmaster (Yuri Itskov). He seems to drink most of that money away; more careless than cruel, he has neither the head nor the heart really to run the place. That leaves the children to fend for themselves, which they do with all the cunning and invention of Fagin’s little troupe, led by a charismatic teenage boy, Kolyan (Denis Moiseenko). As a microcosm of contemporary Russia, the institution couldn’t be bleaker or feel more harshly true. Nestled in the warmth from its roaring furnace, Kolyan runs the home like a general or a mob boss, divvying up the work and collecting the earnings. One young teenager, Irka (Olga Shuvalova), turns tricks, climbing in and out of the cabs of passing trucks; the boys, including Vanya, pump gas and wash car windows and headlights at a local gas station. Much of the money goes into a chest, but some of it goes for shoes and supplies. The paradox of these children’s lives is that while some of their futures are dependent on the rapacious capitalism embodied by Madam, they survive as a collective, as a shadow of the Soviet past. The film’s director, Mr. Kravchuk, throws a beautiful, somewhat gauzy light over this world that gently softens its harder angles. There is something slightly magical about the lighting, almost as if this were a fantasy land from which Vanya might actually make an escape. This sense of unreality, of magical thinking and wishing, carries the story and Vanya through a remarkable journey. He leaps over hurdles like a stag, this child. He runs and fights and schemes and, during a ferocious eruption of pity and terror near the end of the story, he just about breaks your heart into pieces. There’s a touch of directorial sadism at work here, I think. But the last shot of a child’s face lighted up with hope also seems to me like something out of a film by Roberto Rossellini, which is very high praise indeed. “The Italian” is rated PG-13 (Parents strongly cautioned.) These children go through it all, including violence and prostitution, though few of their perils are rendered graphically. THE ITALIAN Opens today in New York and Los Angeles. Directed by Andrei Kravchuk; written (in Russian, with English subtitles) by Andrei Romanov; director of photography, Alexander Burov; edited by Tamara Lipartiya; music by Alexander Kneiffel; production designer, Vladimir Svetozarov; produced by Vladimir Husid and Vladimir Bogoyavlensky; released by Sony Pictures Classics. Running time: 99 minutes. WITH: Kolya Spiridonov (Vanya), Denis Moiseenko (Kolyan), Sasha Syrotkin (Sery), Olga Shuvalova (Irka), Dima Zemlyanko (Anton), Maria Kuznetsova (Madam) and Yuri Itskov (Headmaster). http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/mo...ital.html?8dpc ![]() Redford Whispers, Time’s Up David Carr The Bagger was thrilled to actually see a film at Sundance, in this case, the premiere of “Chicago 10,” the mashup of animation and archival material that serves as a modern tutorial on four days in recent American history when a major city turned into a police state, and a fairly brutal one at that. He rode to the event in one of those transport buses that reminded him a lot of the bus that he used to ride to school, except the heat was set on stun and he found himself quickly basting inside his parka. Still, when he got to the Eccles Theater, the whole Sundance tableau was on display. Movie guys like James Schamus of Focus, Ruth Vitale of First Look and John Lesher of Paramount Vantage were in the lobby with the rest of us, queuing up to see a movie that none of us had seen. Amidst all of the ponytails and parkas, it is sometimes easy to forget that this whole thing is supposed to be about the movies. And as “Little Miss Sunshine” and “An Inconvenient Truth” show, Sundance still rolls films out into the culture to profound effect. Just as the country seems to have become increasingly politicized, in part because politics seems not to be working, so Sundance has a huge slate of movies — look for running motifs that the war is dumb, its advocates are dishonest — that mostly dress left and clobber the right. The movie industry, relentlessly liberal no matter what they say, has generally been sitting on the sidelines and wringing their hands and wondering who actually voted for the current president. The answer is an electoral majority of their customer base, but that does not stop the industry from believing that if they come up with the right movie the country will somehow see the error of its ways. Robert Redford introduced the evening and teed up what is undoubtedly going to be a 10-day cinematic referendum on the state of the union. He started out just this side of coy, but his feelings, and the gesture of putting “Chicago 10,” with its animating principle of talking back the government, were clear. He invoked 9/11 and said that the attack on America had compelled he and others to hit the mute button. “We let the leaders lead,” he said. “In the last years, we can now go back and reflect on that. I will leave it to you to how you feel about that.” But not really. “I think we are owed a big massive apology,” came the punchline. Laughter, then cheers. Big long ones. “Tonight’s film is about another time when young people of this country and others of like mind joined in protest,” Mr. Redford said. “They raised their voices and they risked something. They put themselves out there. They put themselves in harm’s way to have their voices heard.” Given that Brett Morgan, the director of the film, was born a month after the Democratic convention in 1968, it is less a victory lap of for a storied vanguard of the left and more an incitement to the current age. “I didn’t want to make a movie that preached to the choir,” Mr. Morgan said at the post-screening party. “I wanted to do things in a way that would resonate with all sort of people who really didn’t know much about what happened back then.” To that end, Mr. Morgan used animation to fill in when the historical footage was insufficient. So much of the trial of the alleged provocateurs of the demonstrations are rendered in motion-capture animation. In fact, Mr. Morgen said that his decision to use animation in this way was inspired by one of the leading demonstraters: “I was doing my research and I read something where Jerry Rubin described the trial as a total cartoon, and I said, ‘That’s it, that’s what we are going to do.’ “ The movie’s ambitions are large, but will the director’s approach to history work on audiences besides the predisposed Sundance crowd? The Bagger is not paid to taste-make, but he expects that those who are will give the movie mixed reviews. Regardless of its artistic objectives or success, “Chicago 10’s” prospects for instigating grassroots political action are low. In fact, the film feels very distant from current political dissent. Much of the today’s political activism, to the extent that there is any, has moved online and it has been a long time since civil disobedience by actual civilians has done anything besides kick up a few headlines. In that sense, the film’s innovative approach to telling a story is arrayed over something that seems more artifact than inspirational blueprint. The presence of a contemporary soundtrack etches the very different times we live in. Eminem’s “Mosh” arrives as a call to arms, a chant against the current president that was accompanied by a video when it was released in which a youthful army in black hoodies marched against the backbeat of insurrection. But while the song made a big splash when it came out, most of the demo it was aimed at was content to participate in the revolution by nodding their heads to the beats while staying firmly planted on the couch. Movies sometimes matter, but few revolutions begin in a movie seat. That won’t stop Sundance from trying to make one, though. http://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.co...pers-times-up/ ![]() The French Know Where 007 Acquired His Savoir-Faire Elaine Sciolino James Bond has never seemed fascinated by the French, but the French certainly are fascinated by James Bond. The British secret agent has driven British cars, worn Savile Row and Brioni suits, flashed Swiss watches and demanded Russian caviar and Norwegian honey. But he speaks French — at least in the 1953 novel “Casino Royale.” He detests English tea. He insists that his tournedos béarnaise be served rare and his vodka martinis be splashed with the French aperitif Lillet. He has sported a French cigarette lighter and French cuff links (S. T. Dupont) and drunk rivers of French Champagne (Bollinger). He has romanced beloved French actresses like Sophie Marceau. For three days this week, French and foreign researchers came together in a conference sponsored in part by the National Library of France and the University of Versailles to dissect and psychoanalyze, criticize and lionize Ian Fleming’s debonair creation. Titled “James Bond (2)007: Cultural History and Aesthetic Stakes of a Saga,” the conference — France’s first scholarly colloquium on James Bond — was aimed at developing a “socioanthropology of the Bondian universe.” “James Bond is a fascinating cultural phenomenon who transcends nationality and politics,” said Vincent Chenille, a historian at the National Library who helped organize the conference, which ended Thursday. “He’s very human. His faults are identifiable.” Hubert Bonin, an economic historian from Bordeaux, who spoke on “the anguish of capitalist conspiracy and overpowering,” had a different explanation. “In France we have the myth of the savior, the Bonaparte, the de Gaulle,” he said. “Here, we’re always searching for the providential hero. James Bond is a very reassuring figure for France.” The conference was a breakthrough in French scholarly circles. Umberto Eco, Kingsley Amis and Philip Larkin have all written seriously about Bond, but the French intelligentsia has been slow in embracing global popular culture. Mr. Fleming, a French speaker whose Bond novels were translated into French decades ago, never has been considered a first-rate novelist. Film studies in France focus on the “artistry” of directors like Truffaut and Hitchcock; Bond films have been treated as haphazard commercial enterprises that, lacking a single director, have no artistic or thematic unity. “This conference is a revolutionary act,” said Luc Shankland, a lecturer on media and cultural studies at the Sorbonne who is writing his doctoral dissertation on Bond and British cultural identity. “To put this artifact of popular culture in a setting like the highbrow National Library is a kind of provocation. It’s been a taboo in intellectual circles to say you like James Bond.” But on the political and the popular level, the French appreciate James Bond. Sean Connery, who is married to a French painter and played Bond in seven films, is a chevalier in the French Legion of Honor and commander of Arts and Letters. Roger Moore, a star of seven later Bond films, is a French officer of Arts and Letters. French television routinely airs Bond films; 7.1 million viewers saw “The World Is Not Enough” last month on the leading French channel, TF1. A Bond fan club publishes a magazine called “Le Bond” and organizes trips to sites in the novels and films. As far back as 1973, Jean-Paul Belmondo parodied Bond in Philippe de Broca’s film “Le Magnifique.” Last year a Bond spoof called “OSS 117: Cairo Nest of Spies,” with a comic actor playing a French spy made to resemble a young Mr. Connery, was a runaway hit. The “Casino Royale” remake has been seen by more than three million people in France since it opened in late November. Eva Green, the film’s Bond girl, is half French in real life. French magazines have published lengthy descriptions of her upbringing in France, favorite Parisian restaurants and boutiques, and devotion to her mother, the well-known French actress Marlène Jobert. The film has had a ripple effect. At one point, Bond rattles off his martini order: three measures of Gordon’s gin, one of vodka, half a measure of Lillet, shaken over ice and topped with a thin slice of lemon peel. The recipe, taken from Mr. Fleming’s novel, has shone the spotlight on Lillet, a little-known aperitif produced near Bordeaux since 1872. “We’re a small company, and our distributors used to be told: ‘Lillet? That’s old,’ ” Bruno Borie, the chief executive of Lillet, said in a telephone interview. “The film has given a boost to the brand. It’s changed our place on the map.” Last month the French accessories company S. T. Dupont introduced two James Bond “seduction cases.” The $3,880 “mini-seduction case” includes a bottle of S. T. Dupont’s own label of Champagne, two flutes, a Dupont cigarette lighter and a metal “Do Not Disturb” door sign. The deluxe $25,800 model comes in a yardlong buffalo leather trunk and includes a setting for caviar, an ice bucket, an MP3 player with Sony speakers, a Baccarat bud vase and candles. At the Paris conference, speakers dazzled the audience with Bond trivia. Some lamented the fact that the “Casino Royale” remake had lost the novel’s French setting and had been transported to Montenegro. It was noted that the title “Casino Royale” had a grammatical error in French: “casino” is a masculine noun, “royale” a feminine adjective, an effort by Fleming to give the novel a French-sounding title. The first French translation corrected the error. As for his culinary tastes, Bond was a “pitiful connoisseur of wine,” said Claire Dixsaut, a researcher at the European Center for Audiovisual Writing. He “never ordered a gastronomic menu,” he said. “He loves grilled chops, sole meunière, rare tournedos and fresh vegetables. He was, at the table as in his investigations, in search of the truth.” Other topics included Switzerland as a financial haven in James Bond, the geopolitics of James Bond, the evolution of female figures in James Bond and the metamorphoses and permanence of the Bondian personality. The scholarly seriousness has amused some Bondophiles. “The propensity people have to speak of so many things with so much seriousness — it’s incredible,” Jean-François Halin, a screenwriter of “OSS 117: Cairo Nest of Spies,” said in a telephone interview. “In our film, we mock the French colonial, paternalistic vision of the world. We make fun of the James Bond films. But I guess you can find seriousness in everything.” Maia de la Baume contributed reporting. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/wo...pe/19bond.html ![]() O Brave New World That Has Such Gamers in It Seth Schiesel This week it’s likely that thousands of people cut school, called in sick and otherwise turned away from the real world so they could be among the first adventurers to traverse the Dark Portal and battle the demons of the Burning Legion in the broken world of Outland. Call it the World of Warcraft effect. This is what happens when Blizzard Entertainment, the maker of World of Warcraft, the top online computer game with more than eight million paying subscribers, releases the game’s first retail expansion set. The Burning Crusade, as the set is titled, went on sale at midnight Tuesday. For people who don’t play online games, it can be a little difficult to describe the freakout many gamers experience as they try to explore and conquer the new content. Imagine the convergence of rabid fans if, say, Luciano Pavarotti were to star in a long-hyped live remake of “Star Trek” at Carnegie Hall, with special appearances by Tom Cruise and Kiefer Sutherland. It’s a bit like that, except for people who mostly don’t read People, care about Jack Bauer or subscribe to the Met. I’m one of them, which is why I spent 24 almost consecutive hours at my computer playing and why I will be playing the game for most of the next couple of weeks as I write an online serial review and travelogue through the most successful virtual world in, well, the world. The reason World of Warcraft has become such a cash factory (the game has attracted more than eight million subscribers, most of whom pay about $15 a month to play) is that it delivers an overall entertainment experience that goes far beyond what one might expect from a mere game. For example, in the new addition, as soon as you cross through the mystical Dark Portal and into the new continent Outland, you are immediately confronted with an epic battle taking place on the gate’s steps between the grotesque Burning Legion and the heroic defenders of peace and justice. It is an effect meant to impress that the player is merely part of a much larger, more important story. It is the same device used in the opening scenes of war films like “Saving Private Ryan” to viscerally establish the broader context before narrowing to focus on a much smaller-scale human drama. Of course in an online role-playing game like World of Warcraft the biggest and most central draw for most players is in exploring that virtual world and making one’s character more powerful. The two concepts — exploration and growth — go together. In W.O.W., as in most such games, characters begin life as a weakling at what is called Level 1. And since W.O.W.’s debut in late 2004, characters have been capped at Level 60. After two years of players champing at the bit to advance, Burning Crusade has raised the cap to Level 70 and opened seven new high-level zones for players to explore, complete quests and defeat monsters. The fun part is that on each server, or copy of the game world, thousands of other players — humans and orcs, wizards and rogues, druids and warlocks — are trying to do the same thing. What naturally emerges, at least among some players, is a race, or land-rush, mentality. There is a whole new continent to explore, all this new power to attain; who will see and experience it first? And so at midnight Tuesday the starter’s gun went off. Around 5:45 a.m., after completing most of the available quests in the first zone, called Hellfire Peninsula, I became the second player on my server to reach Level 61, around 20 minutes after another gamer in my guild. I moved west to the moody, slightly creepy bogland zone called Zangarmarsh and became my server’s first Level 62er just before noon. By then I was receiving dozens of private messages in the game every hour from players I had never met who could see that my guildmate and I were out front: “OMG how did you level so fast?,” “Hey you must have a lot of gold, can I have some?” and of course “You guys are huge nerds.” (Yes, and proud ones, I might add.) The chatter only increased after I became the first on my server to reach Level 65 early yesterday morning. In addition to bragging rights there is a very practical reason for wanting to stay in front of the pack in a situation like this. Only by maintaining a lead does one gets to experience the world in an almost pristine state. As I moved into lush Terokkar Forest Wednesday, there was almost no one else there, creating a blissful sense of exploration akin to hiking into Yosemite well before the tourists arrive. In a week Terokkar will be packed full of the equivalent of tour buses and noisy R.V.’s. As I continue to explore I will share my impressions and progress. After I reach Level 70 I hope to loop back and explore some of Burning Crusade’s other new features, like the new alternate starting areas for low-level characters. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/arts/19warc.html ![]() Digital Archivists Look to Porn, Flash for Tips Stefanie Olsen How can society preserve digital art on the Internet the way brick-and-mortar museums can for Picassos and van Goghs? Oddly enough, at least one preservationist believes the answer might be found in an expression that most curators don't consider art--online pornography. "I guarantee that a wealth of pornography from the late 20th century will survive in digital distributed form (because) it's a social model that's working extremely well," said Kurt Bollacker, digital research manager at the Long Now Foundation, a nonprofit fostering several digital-works preservation projects. Bollacker spoke Thursday at a symposium called "New Media and Social Memory" at the University of California at Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive. He held up the adult industry--always the digital pioneer--as one example of a self-selected community on the Web that swaps images and videos so regularly and widely that that activity will ultimately help preserve an archive over years. Similarly, he pointed to successful niche archives like the Multi-Arcade Machine Emulator, or MAME, a collective of programmers who preserved video games from the 1980s with CPU and hardware emulators. "Anyone interested in preserving digital art should evaluate ongoing distributed data efforts," said Bollacker, who has a background in artificial intelligence and previously worked with the Internet Archive, a Web preservation project. Bollacker was among several technologists, academics and curators considering the question of digital art and how to preserve it in a fast-moving world of technological change. Challenges to preservation Traditionally, preserving any art--books, music or paintings--has been highly controlled by skilled professionals, who often deal with tangible, long-lasting and, in the case of museum quality art, highly expensive materials. But in the digital world, that model is turned on its ear--just ask the record labels if controlling distribution of digital music is easy. On the Internet, moving data is cheap and easy, the media is ephemeral, and preservationists are amateurs. And as Bollacker said, "Millions of people can make digital art, and maybe most of it is crap, so we don't know which to save." The challenges to cataloging and preserving any work online are common to all fields of art. Those include the limits of human resources to track the body of work online--and those are only getting more finite. Another is the obsolescence of file formats: how can future generations access digital media if the formats and software they're recorded in are eventually replaced? The digital realm does have its benefits, however. Costs of storage have dropped so low that Hitachi recently unveiled the first terabyte hard drive, opening up the possibility of storing all of the text of the Library of Congress on one server, for example. Low-cost bandwidth also makes it easy for people to move media relatively easily. And the Internet is not short on creativity or motivation from the millions of people it attracts. Still, preservationists are asking themselves how best to record history. Alexander Rose, executive director for the Long Now Foundation, which is working on a 10,000-year digital clock, said that the real killer app for archiving is in peer-to-peer applications like BitTorrent and Kazaa, which have long been used for music file-swapping. He believes that these two companies will play a crucial role in archiving new media. "What they don't have is memory. But if they get it, they can store media for archiving," Rose said during the symposium. The Flash programming community has also been a boon to early Internet artists by preserving archives of animations (.swf archives and Gnash) and providing open-source technology (the Open Source Flash Player) so people can watch animations in older formats. Other open-source digital art projects include Processing.org and Princeton's audio-programming language, Chuck. The Long Now Foundation has also investigated how other groups around the world approach art preservation. The Vatican, for example, maintains a large room with long, thin drawers containing all of the original 16th-century artist tiles used in mosaics around Rome. "These are like pixels of the 16th century" said Rose, who has visited the room in the Vatican. "The (mosaics) haven't survived 5,000 years on their own." Similarly, the Long Now Foundation has visited the Mormon Church's genealogical archive kept buried in a vault in Utah's Cottonwood Canyon. The church is building an archive of all the world's genealogical data on microfiche in a vault designed to last at least 1,000 years. Still, the data in the vault doesn't have an internal index, according to those at the Long Now Foundation who visited the site. "The index of where things are is in an Oracle database outside the vault. And without an index for the vault, (the data) is useless," one executive said. For its part, the Long Now Foundation has developed a prototype of tools that let people search for and use file format converters. The tool is designed to solve the problem of losing works written in obsolete file formats. Bollacker said he believes such software is key in preserving new media art, along with the collaboration of online communities. Archivists should also look at how they can move files around fluidly and insert them into diverse environments, where they can be copied like the DNA of a flower, he said. "Data's got to continuously move to stay alive; and it's got to be frequently accessed by a lot of people. Open source, publicly documented formats and software will be the long-term survivors," he said. http://news.com.com/Digital+archivis...3-6151389.html ![]() Old Dye as New Media Storage Matt Ford Prussian blue (PB) is one of the oldest known synthetic chemicals. It is used as a dye in paints and was a key component of blueprints. New research shows that a chemical derivative of PB can be magnetized by hitting it with light, and, more importantly, this magnetization can be turned off with the application of heat. By having two distinct states, a material such as this PB derivative could be used to store data, with the magnetized state equating to a one, and a nonmagnetized state being a zero. Long-term storage has been one of the most important components throughout the history of modern computing. Modern hard drives have little in common with the earliest versions. The first hard drive was built by IBM in 1956. Used in the IBM 350, it consisted of 50 24-inch diameter plates with 100 recording surfaces, with each surface having 100 tracks. The total amount of memory on these drives was about 5MB; they weighed over a ton and were available for lease from IBM for a meager $3,200 per month. A single modern hard drive can hold on the order of 750GB of data, and is readily available for a few hundred dollars. Prussian blue, on the other hand is much older, having been developed by the German colormaker Diesbach around 1704 or 1705. When PB was synthesized, Diesbach was actually trying to create a red dye. In the process of trying to create a deep red, he created the deep blue we know today as Prussian blue (fun fact: PB is RGB value [0, 49, 83] and hex triplet #003153), which was the first synthetic dye. It is the structure of PB that makes it interesting to modern science; its chemical formula is Fe7(CN)18(H2O)x, where 14 < x < 16, but it is a chemical derivative of this compound that is piquing the interest of researchers. A cobalt rubidium Prussian blue derivative compound has been found to be capable of being magnetized by a pulse of light and remaining in this altered state until heated. With this compound having two stable states, it could be perfect for a new form of information storage. It was found that when this material was irradiated with red light, an electron transfer would take place changing the oxidation state of cobalt from +III to +II, and the iron oxidation state from +II to +III. This electron transfer was accompanied by a slight change in the structure of the material. The Co-N-C linkage would change from a bent configuration to a straight configuration; the charge transfer and change in spin on the various molecules allows the material to transition from a nonmagnetic to a magnetic state. The charge transfer—and accompanying structural change—can be undone with the simple addition of heat to the system, returning the material to its starting configuration. Since one of the two possible states of this material is magnetic, coupled with the fact that this change is easily reversible and stable, it has the potential to be used as a near-perfect analogue to modern binary memory storage devices. While this material holds promise, it is not ready for prime time, or daytime for that matter; the switching process is currently carried out at -150° C. While only a first step, materials of this type could one day be developed to create information storage systems that can store data at the atomic level, allowing far more information to be packed into the same area used in modern components. http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070119-8658.html ![]() Ultra-Dense Optical Storage -- on One Photon Researchers at the University of Rochester have made an optics breakthrough that allows them to encode an entire image's worth of data into a photon, slow the image down for storage, and then retrieve the image intact. While the initial test image consists of only a few hundred pixels, a tremendous amount of information can be stored with the new technique. The image, a "UR" for the University of Rochester, was made using a single pulse of light and the team can fit as many as a hundred of these pulses at once into a tiny, four-inch cell. Squeezing that much information into so small a space and retrieving it intact opens the door to optical buffering—storing information as light. "It sort of sounds impossible, but instead of storing just ones and zeros, we're storing an entire image," says John Howell, associate professor of physics and leader of the team that created the device, which is revealed in today's online issue of the journal Physical Review Letters. "It's analogous to the difference between snapping a picture with a single pixel and doing it with a camera—this is like a 6-megapixel camera." "You can have a tremendous amount of information in a pulse of light, but normally if you try to buffer it, you can lose much of that information," says Ryan Camacho, Howell's graduate student and lead author on the article. "We're showing it's possible to pull out an enormous amount of information with an extremely high signal-to-noise ratio even with very low light levels." Optical buffering is a particularly hot field right now because engineers are trying to speed up computer processing and network speeds using light, but their systems bog down when they have to convert light signals to electronic signals to store information, even for a short while. Howell's group used a completely new approach that preserves all the properties of the pulse. The buffered pulse is essentially a perfect original; there is almost no distortion, no additional diffraction, and the phase and amplitude of the original signal are all preserved. Howell is even working to demonstrate that quantum entanglement remains unscathed. To produce the UR image, Howell simply shone a beam of light through a stencil with the U and R etched out. Anyone who has made shadow puppets knows how this works, but Howell turned down the light so much that a single photon was all that passed through the stencil. Quantum mechanics dictates some strange things at that scale, so that bit of light could be thought of as both a particle and a wave. As a wave, it passed through all parts of the stencil at once, carrying the "shadow" of the UR with it. The pulse of light then entered a four-inch cell of cesium gas at a warm 100 degrees Celsius, where it was slowed and compressed, allowing many pulses to fit inside the small tube at the same time. "The parallel amount of information John has sent all at once in an image is enormous in comparison to what anyone else has done before," says Alan Willner, professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California and president of the IEEE Lasers and Optical Society. "To do that and be able to maintain the integrity of the signal—it's a wonderful achievement." Howell has so far been able to delay light pulses 100 nanoseconds and compress them to 1 percent of their original length. He is now working toward delaying dozens of pulses for as long as several milliseconds, and as many as 10,000 pulses for up to a nanosecond. "Now I want to see if we can delay something almost permanently, even at the single photon level," says Howell. "If we can do that, we're looking at storing incredible amounts of information in just a few photons." http://physorg.com/news88439430.html ![]() Solar Power Eliminates Utility Bills in U.S. Home Jon Hurdle Michael Strizki heats and cools his house year-round and runs a full range of appliances including such power-guzzlers as a hot tub and a wide-screen TV without paying a penny in utility bills. His conventional-looking family home in the pinewoods of western New Jersey is the first in the United States to show that a combination of solar and hydrogen power can generate all the electricity needed for a home. The Hopewell Project, named for a nearby town, comes at a time of increasing concern over U.S. energy security and worries over the effects of burning fossil fuels on the climate. "People understand that climate change is a big concern but they don't know what they can do about it," said Gian-Paolo Caminiti of Renewable Energy Associates, the commercial arm of the project. "There's a psychological dividend in doing the right thing," he said. Strizki runs the 3,000-square-foot house with electricity generated by a 1,000-square-foot roof full of photovoltaic cells on a nearby building, an electrolyzer that uses the solar power to generate hydrogen from water, and a number of hydrogen tanks that store the gas until it is needed by the fuel cell. In the summer, the solar panels generate 60 percent more electricity than the super-insulated house needs. The excess is stored in the form of hydrogen which is used in the winter -- when the solar panels can't meet all the domestic demand -- to make electricity in the fuel cell. Strizki also uses the hydrogen to power his fuel-cell driven car, which, like the domestic power plant, is pollution-free. Solar power currently contributes only 0.1 percent of U.S. energy needs but the number of photovoltaic installations grew by 20 percent in 2006, and the cost of making solar panels is dropping by about 7 percent annually, according to the Solar Energy Industries Association. As costs decline and the search accelerates for clean alternatives to expensive and dirty fossil fuels, some analysts predict solar is poised for a significant expansion in the next five to 10 years. State Support The New Jersey project, which opened in October 2006 after four years of planning and building, cost around $500,000, some $225,000 of which was provided by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. The state, a leading supporter of renewable energy, aims to have 20 percent of its energy coming from renewables by 2020, and currently has the largest number of solar-power installations of any U.S. state except California. New Jersey's utility regulator supported the project because it helps achieve the state's renewable-energy goals, said Doyal Siddell a spokesman for the agency. "The solar-hydrogen residence project provides a tremendous opportunity to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming," he said. The project also got equipment and expertise from a number of commercial sponsors including Exide, which donated some $50,000 worth of batteries, and Swageloc, an Ohio company that provided stainless steel piping costing around $28,000. Strizki kicked in about $100,000 of his own money. While the cost may deter all but wealthy environmentalists from converting their homes, Strizki and his associates stress the project is designed to be replicated and that the price tag on the prototype is a lot higher than imitators would pay. Now that first-time costs of research and design have been met, the price would be about $100,000, Strizki said. But that's still too high for the project to be widely replicated, said Marchant Wentworth of the Union of Concerned Scientists, an environmental group in Washington. To be commonly adopted, such installations would have to be able to sell excess power to the grid, generating a revenue stream that could be used to attract capital, he said. "You need to make the financing within reach of real people," Wentworth said. Caminiti argues that the cost of the hydrogen/solar setup works out at about $4,000 a year when its $100,000 cost is spread over the anticipated 25-year lifespan of the equipment. That's still a lot higher than the $1,500 a year the average U.S. homeowner spends on energy, according to the federal government. Even if gasoline costs averaging about $1,000 per car annually are included in the energy mix, the renewables option is still more expensive than the grid/gasoline combination. But for Strizki and his colleagues, the house is about a lot more than the bottom line. It's about energy security at a time when the federal government is seeking to reduce dependence on fossil fuels from the Middle East, and it's about sustaining a lifestyle without emitting greenhouse gases. For the 51-year-old Strizki, the project is his life's work. "I have dedicated my life to making the planet a better place," he said. http://today.reuters.com/news/articl...SOLAR-HOME.xml Until next week, - js. ![]() Current Week In Review ![]() Recent WiRs - January 13th, January 6th, December 30th, December 23rd, December 16th Jack Spratts' Week In Review is published every Friday. Submit letters, articles and press releases in plain text English to jackspratts (at) lycos (dot) com. Submission deadlines are Thursdays @ 1400 UTC. Please include contact info. Questions or comments? Call 213-814-0165, country code U.S.. Voicemails cannot be returned. "The First Amendment rests on the assumption that the widest possible dissemination of information from diverse and antagonistic sources is essential to the welfare of the public." - Hugo Black |
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#3 |
Registered User
Join Date: Apr 2004
Posts: 42
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![]() there's no week that i never read this thread. thanks !!!
![]() how i wish this weekly review have a rss ![]() |
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#4 |
Dawn's private genie
Join Date: May 2001
Location: the Canadian wasteland
Posts: 4,461
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#5 |
Thanks for being with arse
Join Date: Jan 2002
Location: The other side of the world
Posts: 10,343
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![]() great job Jack !
never miss an issue ![]() |
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#6 |
Join Date: May 2001
Location: New England
Posts: 10,018
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![]() thanks guys.
![]() - js. |
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#7 |
Registered User
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: NC, USA
Posts: 407
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![]() Dittos on the work Mr. Spratts.
I have perused some of these p2pnewses. I am a far stretch from a techie or musician, but I appreciate folks who know this stuff....and then just simply tell me what to do to get somethin' workin'. What is your occupation, if I may ask? &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
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"...You explore the universe. We have discovered that a single moment in time can be a universe in itself, full of powerful forces. Most people are not aware enough of the now to ever notice..." Asij to Captain Picard - "Insurrection" |
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